Abstract: A pulp refining apparatus of the type in which two intermeshing rotary screws are driven synchronously within a housing provided with a material inlet and a material outlet, the treated material passing from the inlet to the outlet while being compressively treated at a high dry-matter concentration between the intermeshing screw threads, has at least one of the screws arranged for pivotal swinging movement in relation to the other in a way permitting selective adjustment of the width of the treating gap between the intermeshing screw threads and selective control of the treating conditions to which the material is exposed.

Abstract: A mixing device having a flow path therethrough for material to be mixed includes a first plurality of radially extending, tapered rollers disposed between a first pair of relatively rotating raceways for subjecting the material to a milling action, a plurality of sets of alternately encountered stationary and moving teeth disposed in adjacent parallel planes for subjecting the material to a shearing action, and a second plurality of radially extending, tapered rollers disposed between a second pair of relatively rotating raceways for subjecting the material to a further milling action. The arrangement is such that a predetermined axial spacing between adjacent sets of the teeth is continuously maintained by means of the rollers and raceways.

Abstract: A machine for grinding nuts, more particularly peanuts and for making pure peanut butter. A hopper is provided for the peanuts. The peanuts are delivered to grinding discs, one of which is rotated. The peanuts are delivered through a tubular passageway having in it a member with a helical rib for forcibly delivering the peanuts to the grinding means. The ground material, namely, the peanut butter, after passing the grinding means is delivered into a removable cup. Heat is applied automatically to provide temperature for proper operation of the machine. Preferably, the machine is automatic and is coin operated.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the defibration and conditioning of nonflowable cellulosic material, comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet and a flow chamber for cellulose material therebetween; two screws disposed in the chamber and extending from the inlet to the outlet, the screws having interdigitating helical blades with opposed pitches, and helical grooves therebetween receiving the helical blades of the opposite screws; the screws being arranged for interdigitating rotational movement in opposite directions, so as to defibrate and condition cellulosic material in the bite therebetween while carrying the material through the flow chamber from the inlet towards the outlet; at least a portion of the outer periphery of each helical blade being undulating in a plurality of successive recesses and projections, intermeshing short of contact with a like plurality of projections and recesses defining a land area in the groove of the opposite blade of the other screw, so that within the land areas in t

Abstract: A method of beating fibre slurries, such as paper pulp, and lump-goods, such as wood-chips and shavings. The good are subjected to repeated, rapid pressure pulsations and working moments of short duration. This is obtained by causing the hydraulic pressure to increase during a compression phase with increasing internal frictional co-action between individual fibres, whereafter said hydraulic pressure is caused to fall momentarily during a following expansion phase.

Abstract: A method of regenerating and reactivating inactive cement is disclosed. The method is performed in a disintegrator which includes a pin mill having beating pins arranged on two parallel counterrotating grinding disks in concentric alternating rings of increasing diameter. Inactive cement particles of a grain size of 7 to 10 mm are subjected to 3 to 8 mechanical beats within a time period of 0.01 to 0.001 seconds in the disintegrator and broken into separate particles of the original fineness or finer. In this manner, the separate particles are released from hydrated surface layers the cement particles thereby liberating non-hydrated layers.

Abstract: A grinder for pulverizing leaves, twigs and garden debris in which a chamber receives such materials to be pulverized therein by a plurality of rotating blades mounted on a shaft which blades cooperate with a series of axially and circumferentially spaced anvils with the pulverized debris flowing through the chamber for distribution or collection.

Abstract: A rotary mill for milling particulate material is described.

Abstract: A motor-driven grinding machine or unit has been provided to enable consumer-selected food items, such as nut kernels and grains to be quickly, uniformly and efficiently ground to a desired consistency in his or her presence. The machine has a chute with a motor-controlling lid that is adapted to receive selected food items and to feed them to a rotating auger shaft which extends into a processing housing. Food items are then advanced substantially radially outwardly between a pair of heads having opposed disc-like grinding surfaces, each of which has a set of inner, widely spaced-apart, relatively coarse teeth and an outer, relatively finer, closely spaced-apart set of teeth between which the food is advanced while the auger shaft rotates one of the heads and the food items are being ground and advanced between the surfaces strategically designed and positioned in a positive manner to reduce them to a desired uniform particle size.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the refining of fibrous lignocellulose pulp material in which the pulp stock or grist is conveyed into a cylindrical stationary drum and propelled therein in a linear direction in a pulsating fashion by a co-axial rotor comprising a plurality of impellers which attack the grist in a wedging action as it is compacted by the centrifugal force of rotation and pushed ahead of the leading edges of the impellers and thus inducing in the grist internal frictional shear forces while it is forced through a gap defined between the terminal edges of the impellers and a series of shear members arranged axially along the interior surface of the drum. The impellers are detachably and adjustably anchored in slots in the peripheral wall of the drum to vary the gap clearance.

Abstract: A mill for crushing tree trunks is disclosed which includes a rotor having a series of crushing blades disposed helically around the rotor. The rotor blades pass between axially spaced stator blades in the mill housing to crush the trunks and liberated associated foreign matter. The crushed material and liberated foreign matter is moved toward one end of the mill housing by the action of the helically disposed rotor blades where it is discharged from the mill.

Abstract: A disc refiner wherein the operating faces of its discs are arranged to have interdigited teeth disposed in radially spaced rows and to further have dams interposed between selected successively adjacent of said rows. The dams are characterized by being parallel to said rows and substantially coextensive therewith. Each dam is accordingly substantially continuous and each serves in the operation of the discs to block substantially all material moving across the face of the disc of which it forms a part and causes it to be deflected outwardly and to impact on the operating face of the opposing disc. The arrangement is such to insure that as the material the constituents of which are to be separated moves across the respective operating faces of opposed refiner discs it will be repeatedly thrown from one disc operating face to the other and in the process have imposed thereon a forceful separation of constituent parts.

Abstract: A device for pulverizing waste food and other similar materials employing a pivotally mounted hammer on a horizontally rotating plate which operates in relation to a fixed cylindrical surface of variable height lands and grooves, and thereafter, the food is passed between horizontally arranged and relatively rotating sets of lands and grooves.

Abstract: A system for pulverizing waste food and converting it into dried animal feed in which the waste food is first passed through a cylindrical chopper comprising a pivotally mounted hammer on a rotating plate which operates in relationship to a fixed cylindrical surface of lands and grooves, and thereafter, the food is passed between horizontally arranged and relatively rotating sets of lands and grooves. The material is then passed to a buffer storage tank where it is agitated to maintain consistency, and thereafter, in a constant flow provided to a rotating drum-type dryer where the material is dried and formed into flakes having a moisture content of 10 to 14 percent.

Abstract: Emulsifying and dispersing apparatus for liquid-solids mixtures, comprising one or more cooperative and concentrically positioned stator and rotor rings having cutting rims with toothed portions for the passage of the mixtures being treated. Axial adjustment between stator and rotor is provided to permit changes in the spaces between the toothed portions so as to impart improved emulsifying and dispersing gradients to the materials.

Abstract: The mill includes coaxial inner and outer cones mounted in telescopic relationship, each having facing helical ribs with the ribs on one cone crossing the ribs on the other cone so that material received intermediate the two cones at the apex of the cones passes to the base. The two cones are preferably relatively adjustable to control particle size.