Abstract: The refiner plate for a low consistency pulp refiner has a multiplicity of curved bars or zig-zag bars, or a combination of the two. The operation of a disc refiner causes a rapid and frequent flexure over a brief time period of the individual fibers in a pulp mass, with the result that the bond between the various concentric lamellae comprising an individual fiber are broken down or delaminated to a controlled, desired extent. The individual bars which traverse a surface of the rotating and fixed plates dissipate the power supplied by the central shaft to the rotating plate. The multiplicity of curved bars or zig-zag bars, or a combination of the two have a longer bar length, and therefore lower the power dissipation per bar and per bar unit length. The flow of pulp containing the fiber also generally follows the channels between the bars so that longer bar path length results in longer residence time.

Abstract: An improved pattern of bars and grooves on the plates of a rotating disc refiner, whereby the inherent restriction in the transfer of material into the grooves of the refining zone is reduced relative to conventional designs. The invention can be implemented at one or both of the transition from an innermost, feed zone to an intermediate, refining zone, or the transition from an intermediate, refining zone to an outer, refining zone. The invention can be generally understood as providing an asymmetric or jagged transition line from one zone to another. The asymmetry can be seen in a plate segment, relative to the segment central axis, or it may be seen as a saw tooth shape with respect to laterally adjacent regions of the same zone. Preferably, a line connecting the inlets on laterally successive regions of a particular zone, defines a substantially continuous saw tooth shape or a succession of jagged, "Z" shapes.

Abstract: In a refiner having ribbed refining disks to form a refining zone between such disks, the refining spaces of such disks including radial ribs forming grooves between them, which grooves are blocked at intervals by dams connecting the ribs at opposite sides of the grooves, and intergroove slots connect neighboring grooves in an arrangement to provide venting passages for steam forming a zigzag course which bypasses the refining zone between the refining disks.

Abstract: A refining segment for a disc refiner for defibering and processing lignocellulose-containing fiber material. The refining segment has the shape of a circle sector and a refining surface with bars and intermediate grooves, which extend across substantially the entire refining surface. The bars are oblique in relation to the radius of the refining segment, and the angle of the bars in relation to said radius is greatest closest to the center and thereafter decreases in radial outward direction. The angle closest to the center shall be in the interval 20.degree.-45.degree. and farthest out in the interval -10.degree. to +20.degree..

Abstract: A stump grinder adapted to be attached to and driven by a bushhog in which a vertical plate is attached to a horizontal circular plate having means for attachment to a bushhog. The vertical plate comprises a central wedge-shaped bit having a pair of cutting surfaces and a pair of sloped outer portions carrying a plurality of carbide cutting teeth. The carbide cutting teeth may be removably attached to the vertical plate.

Abstract: A disk reclaimer, having spring mounted harrow and carrier teeth, is described. The spring loaded teeth are less subject to binding or breakage when reclaiming highly cohesive bulk materials such as phosphate shales.

Abstract: A wood curl-making apparatus includes a rotating disc having cutting blades mounted so as to extend from the face of the disc to engage wood pieces fed to the disc. The blades are mounted in cutting blocks attached to the disc. The cutting blocks have curved curling surfaces which receive the wood shaving and force the shaving to curl. When the shavings have been removed, they fall in a tightly curled roll.

Abstract: Grinding burrs for use in a coffee bean grinder comprises a stationary disk and a rotary disk. Each of the disks has a multiplicity of teeth arranged in stages about the center of the disk. One of the disks has its multiplicity of teeth adapted to nest among and be spaced predetermined distances from the multiplicity of teeth of the other disk. Each disk includes a first stage of teeth comprising at least four teeth equally spaced apart in a circular row about the center of the disk a distance at least greater than the average diameter of coffee beans to be ground. The burr disks also include a second stage of teeth aligned in at least one circular row and spaced outwardly from the first stage of teeth and a third stage of teeth aligned in at least one circular row about the center and spaced outwardly from the second stage.

Abstract: A bottle crushing machine having a feed chamber, at the bottom of which is located a crusher disk. The disk includes a set of beater bars extending upward into the feed chamber to intercept falling bottles and initially shatter them. Near the surface of the disk are cross bars that further crush the glass fragments. The disk is situated in a portion of the feed chamber under the upper surface of an expanded portion of the chamber. The only route for glass fragments to exit the chamber is between the disk and the upper surface of the expanded portion, between the side walls of the expanded portion and the outer edge of the disk, to an area below the disk. By relative movement of the disk in the vertical direction, the gap between the disk and the upper surface will be varied, adjusting the size of fragments that are created.

Abstract: An injection needle disposal device includes a housing, a grinding wheel having a plurality of impellers of an exhaust fan surrounding the grinding wheel, a main driving motor rotating the grinding wheel and the impellers, a positioning disk secured on the housing for inserting an injection needle secured with a syringe into the housing to be ground by the grinding wheel and the dust of the ground needle is sucked by the impellers and exhausted outwardly to be collected by a collection bag connected with the housing.

Abstract: A grinding plate (10) for the face (104) of a refiner disc (100) having a center and a substantially circular periphery (102), comprises a plurality of grinding plate segments (12) arranged side-by-side on the face (104) of the disc to form a substantially annular refining region (14) having an inner edge (22) near the center and an outer edge (24) near the periphery of the disc. Each plate segment (12) extends substantially radially and has a pattern of bars and grooves between bars, whereby material to be refined and steam produced during refining, can flow in the grooves in the general direction from the inner edge (22) toward the outer edge (24) of the refining region (14).

Abstract: The method of preparing metal-coated metals includes providing a metal powder and a disintegrator with a working chamber equipped with counter-rotating disks. At least one of said disks is made of a material softer than said metal powder. The metal powder is introduced into the working chamber and the disks of the disintegrator are counter-rotated so as to cause the metal powder to strike the disks, whereby the disk is eroded by the colliding metal particles and a coating of the eroded material is formed on the metal powder and the metal-coated metal particles are collected at the exit end of the disintegrator.

Abstract: A rotor member (10,000) having a central bore wall (18,118) that is rigidly connected to a shaft (12,112) by a thermally-induced interference fit and by radially extending, interlocking complementary formations, wherein said formations include a key (20,120) projecting from the shaft into a substantially semi-elliptical keyway recess (22,122) in the bore wall.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for the manufacture of fiber pulp from lignocellulose-containing materials including radially extending grinding segments for use with a pair of opposed counter-rotating grinding discs in which the grinding segments include an inner radial zone with alternating raised bars and grooves projecting radially thereon parallel to the radius of the grinding segment, and an outer radial zone including a first group of alternating raised bars and grooves projecting outwardly thereon in a first direction and a second plurality of alternating raised bars and grooves projecting outwardly thereon in a second direction, both sets of these raised bars and grooves extending outwardly at angles of between about 5.degree. and 30.degree. with the first and second directions being opposite to each other with respect to the grinding segment itself. Methods for manufacturing fiber pulp from lignocellulose-containing material employing such grinding segments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A chipper knife assembly for a stump disintegrator is disclosed in which knife holder bodies radially span across pockets or openings formed in a rotating chipper disk. A reversible and replaceable blade insert with a plurality of selectable carbide edges is carried on the leading face of the holder body and fixed thereon by means of a threaded fastener inserted from the trailing face of the holder body through a hole formed between the trailing face and the leading face. The end of the fastener engages a threaded recess in the blade insert. The chipper knife assembly divides the chipper disk opening into a leading opening through which wood chips and other debris may pass for subsequent discharge and a leading opening which provides clearance and access to the threaded fastener for its removal and installation.

Abstract: A refiner plate for a pulp refiner in which a sub-groove is provided in the refiner grooves, the sub-groove extending inwardly in the plate from the bottom of the refiner groove. The refiner plate is useful for shortening long fibers in a pulp slurry without treating short fibers present in the slurry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for conjoint or simultaneous adjustment of the gap spaces of the inner and outer grinding zones of a pulp refiner apparatus in a single step. The inner grinding zone is generally radially oriented, and merges into an outer inclined grinding zone. Pulp stock to be ground is introduced into a central inlet position and is accelerated through the inner and outer grinding zones by centrifugal forces generated by a pair of grinding members which rotate relative to one and other. The opposed surfaces of the relatively rotating members each carry a plurality of concentric rows of teeth, and the gap spacing of the inner grinding zone is defined between adjacent surfaces of the teeth. The adjacent teeth defining the inner grinding zone are arranged so that adjustment of the gap space of the outer grinding zone simultaneously controls the gap spacing of the inner grinding zone without the need for separate adjustment.

Abstract: A refiner for producing mechanical pulp has greater spacing between bars of the refiner grinding elements than is conventional. The grooves between the bars have a sloping bottom, making an angle of about 1.degree.-30.degree. (preferably 5.degree.-20.degree.) with respect to a straight line between the bars. The width of the grooves is about 10-50 mm. The relative rotation of the refiner elements (whether disks, cylindrical, or conical) with respect to each other results in sequential refining: a moving tension field, with successive compressions before impacts, and expansions, achieving increased fiber flexibility, more fiber rolling motion, and less fiber cutting. Pulp produced has increased fiber flexibility yet maintains a high content of long fibers, and higher refiner capacity also ensues. Also, the refiner of the invention can be used to mix treatment chemicals--such as bleaching chemicals in liquid form--into kraft pulp at high consistency (e.g. about 30-55%).

Abstract: A portable, self-contained stump remover, that may be hand held by the operator, has an engine driven cutting device whose cutting teeth rotate through a circular path at least a part of which lies below a lower base surface that engages and rests on a tree stump when the stump remover is placed on the stump by the operator. By manually moving the stump remover across the stump so that the rotating cutting teeth follow the base surface, which surface serves to support, guide and stabilize the stump remover, the stump will be cut away and ground down to the cutting depth determined by the extent to which the cutting teeth project below the base surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-feeding wood chunker having cutting instruments (1, 2) rotating in opposite directions but with the same speed, which have, on surfaces facing one another, at least one cutting blade (3.sub.1, 3.sub.2 and 4.sub.1, 4.sub.2), the blades being curved in the direction of rotation such that the leading part (3a, 4a) thereof is nearer to the periphery of the respective cutting instrument and that the trailing part (3a, 4a) thereof is nearer to the axis of rotation (1a, 2a) of the respective cutting instrument. According to the invention, the cutting instruments (1, 2) are arranged with the axes of rotation (1a, 1b) displaced a definite distance (B) from one another.

Abstract: A refiner element (10) for the refining of fibrous material is provided with a comminuting surface of which at least a portion comprises an abrasive surface. The method of forming the refiner element (10) comprises casting a metal substrate (20) having a frontal surface (22), melting a relatively thin layer of the metal substrate on the frontal surface thereof to form a molten pool in the comminuting surface over the region thereof on which an abrasive surface is desired, depositing an abrasive material (38) into the molten pool formed in the metal comminuting surface (22) of the refiner element (10), and allowing the molten metal pool into which the abrasive material (38) has been deposited to solidify whereby the particles of abrasive material (38) are strongly bonded into the metal surface of the refining element to form the abrasive comminuting surface thereon.

Abstract: A conventional meat grinder contains a chopper knife and a chopper plate, the chopper knife rides on the inner surface of the chopper plate and directs the bone fragments, sinews and gristle inwardly toward the central portion of the chopper plate as it chops the meat. The central portion of the chopper plate has a funnel-shaped, frusto-conical central passageway within which the bone fragments, gristle and sinews are collected and are urged outward, first passing through the frusto-conical passageway and out the small end of the passageway, into opposed discharge channels which passes through the hub of the plate and communicates with a discharge tube whose distal end is closed or partially closed by a removeable stopper or adjustable clamp.

Abstract: A rotary mill to colloidalize a premixed mortar in a high energy manner so as to increase the degree of hydration comprising a hollow collector casing having a feed inlet to receive the premixed mortar and a discharge outlet for the mixed product, a pair of counterrotating members cooperatively forming a shear zone therebetween wherein the shear zone comprises an inlet region to receive the premixed mortar from the feed inlet, a convergency region to impart a high energy shear to the premixed mortar and an expanding discharge region to feed the premixed mortar to the discharge outlet, and a drive and drive train coupled to the counterrotating members to impart rotational movement thereto.

Abstract: A wood chipper is disclosed comprising a large rotational disc with a pattern of blade mounting pockets, usually in a spiral, on the front face, such that mounted chipping knives project diagonally from the face of the disc at an acute angle to the disc, with chip passage slots extending through the disc at these pockets; and hardened elongated ridges protruding from and integral with the disc face, offset from the pockets and slots toward the direction of rotation, these ridges being diagonally oriented relative to a radius of the disc.

Abstract: A pulp refiner has a pair of refiner members with opposed surfaces each including alternating grooves and lands extending between a central port and a peripheral port through which a pulp slurry is passed. The edges of the lands define work edges. Drive means are provided for rotating at least one of the members relative to the other. The grooves and lands defined in at least one member extend from the central to the peripheral port in a spiral pattern having a direction on the member from one port to the other relative to the direction of rotation which will provide a screw pump action to the pulp slurry as it advances from one port to the other. The pitch of the spiral lands forming the work edges on the opposed surfaces of the respective refiner members is such that the intersection of the opposed work edges defines an obtuse angle on the downstream side of the lands relative to the direction of rotation and flow such that pulp fibers suspended in the pulp slurry will be subjected to a pinching action.

Abstract: A pulverizing apparatus including a stator and a rotor, the rotor including a plurality of concentric rows of stairstep-like movable teeth which intermesh with a plurality of concentric rows of similar stairstep-like fixed teeth on the stator. Each tooth in the rows of intermeshing teeth defines a plurality of edges which extend across the direction of movement of the movable plate, thereby defining a plurality of openings between the fixed teeth and the movable teeth which vary in size and shape as the movable teeth move relative to the fixed teeth, to break down substances introduced into the openings. The apparatus is suitable for comminuting organic waste such as food waste, as well as inorganic material such as metal ore.

Abstract: A grinder for use in a grinding apparatus, comprising a pair of rotary and stationary discs facing each other, in which the rotary disc is rotated through a shaft by a drive motor, and in which a large number of grinding material particles are embedded in the surface of the discs to form microbites to grinding surfaces of the discs, and the strength of the grinding surface of the stationary disc is inferior to that of the rotary disc. The grinding is accomplished by fine cutting which is carried out by microbits formed of superhard grinding material particles having a sharp edge, rather than by mashing or abrasion. The grinder is formed as a cassette type so as to be replaced readily and quickly by new one. The grinder is provided with a clearance adjustor for adjusting the clearance between the rotary disc and the stationary disc.

Abstract: A motor-driven nut-grinding apparatus is constructed to effectively operate at much lower than conventional speeds and has a front-mounted, unitary casting part providing a back mounting plate wall, a feed chute, a forwardly extending feed and grinding hub, and a front mounting for a stationary grinding disc. The hub has an open-end bore that journals a motor-driven auger shaft on which a rotating grinding disc is mounted to cooperate and define a final grinding chamber with the stationary grinding plate. A back portion of the auger shaft has a cylindrical, reduced diameter portion that with at least about one and a half of auger convolution turns, is exposed through a window in the hub and an open mouth of the chute to provide a non-jamming receiving area for nut kernels from a downwardly converging mouth portion of the feed chute.

Abstract: In a rotating disc wood chip refiner having a number of refiner plates with a grid of radial bars and slots with a multiplicity of dams in the slots, the dams are spaced in outwards decreasing increments forming a continuous series of resonant cavities, and the radial bars are radially and uniformly skewed backwards at a radial angle of about 1.5 degrees to disc rotation. These improvements provide a reduced energy input by means of a resonating cavity flow regime, together with a low fluid-dynamic drag radial bar profile and a pressure recovery radial slot profile.

Abstract: Square or rectangular clean cut flakes, wafers or strands of a uniform thickness, width and length, with edges extending at right, acute or obtuse angles to the surfaces are produced by an apparatus in four distinct operations, comprising the veneer slicing, cutting of the veneer sheets into veneer strips, chemical or laser beam treatment and flake cutting. The chemical or laser beam treatment is applied to the edges of the veneer strips which run transversally to the direction of wood fiber and the application takes place before the veneer strips are cut into flakes.

Abstract: A cutter segment for a disc grinder or the like, said grinder consisting of two oppositely placed cutters made up of several segments attached to each other, at least one of the cutters being rotatable, said cutter segments being provided with a rough surface or with teeth and grooves for the grinding of material such as wood chips. With prior-art grinders of this kind, exhaustion of the steam produced in the grinding process has proved to be a difficult problem. The cutter segment of the invention solves this problem in that the segments of at least one of the cutters are provided with one or more exhaust channels having a sectional area essentially larger than that of the grooves.

Abstract: A chipper knife includes a pair of elongate blade portions integrally joined at a midplane which longitudinally bisects the blade. The blade portions are symmetrical and have inner and outer surfaces. The outer surface intersects the midplane at an acute angle and the inner surface intersects the midplane at a lesser acute angle. The inner and outer surfaces therefore diverge from each other as they extend outward from the midplane. The outer surface of each blade portion terminates in a cutting edge. A mounting for the knife is carried on a chipper disc and includes a base for supporting the inner surfaces of the blade portion with a cutting edge thereof disposed outwardly from the disc surface and a hold down plate engaging an outer surface of the blade to secure the knife to the mounting.

Abstract: A method for fractionating milling of cereals between two milling disks having annular working surfaces facing each other and composed of serrated segments, such that the desired fraction, for instance bakery flour, can be recovered by sifting even after a single passage of the milling material between the milling disks. The invention is characterized in that the serrate pattern of said segments comprises a plurality of straight, parallel ridges acting as cutting teeth alternating with parallel grooves and being so designed that the cutting teeth of each segment have a constant height and width and make such an angle with respect to the line of symmetry of the segment that the cutting teeth of each milling disk will intersect the lines of symmetry of each segment of the other milling disk at an angle of .+-..alpha..sub.1 for one milling disk and .+-..alpha..sub.

Abstract: An impeller for use in a comminuting apparatus and defined by a base on which an even number of upwardly extending blades are supported, half of the blades sloping forwardly and half of the blades sloping rearwardly with respect to the axis of rotation, wherein the top and bottom ends of the blades are configured to collectively define an undulating path along which the product is caused to flow during rotation of the impeller.

Abstract: Refiner disc segments for use in connection with disc refiners are disclosed. The refiner disc segments include in a radial portion thereof raised bars extending outwardly from the center of the segment with grooves defined between the raised bars, the raised bars having a width B, and the grooves having a width S and a depth D such that the ratio B.multidot.S.multidot.D/S+D is greater than about 2.7 mm and less than about 4.3 mm, and wherein the width B is from about 1 to 4 mm, the width S is from about 2 to 5 mm, and the depth D is from about 1 to 7 mm. Overall refining apparatus including a pair of refining members which includes such refining disc segments are also disclosed as is a method for producing these refining disc segments.

Abstract: A device for disintegration of wood material such as roundwood, tree-tops, branches, waste wood, etc to firewood of a suitable length, said device comprising cutting members for the disintegration. In order to reduce the energy need the invention device comprises two cutting members which rotate in opposite directions and are provided with knives on their insides, one of the two cutting members being arranged to actuate by its knife material fed between the two cutting members in one direction while the other cutting member is arranged to actuate by its knife the material in the opposite direction for cutting off the material between the knives of the two cutting members.

Abstract: Improved thickness tolerance, easier assembling and substantial economies are attained by constructing resiliently flexible refiner disks by affixing refining surface ring plates to the disk margins by structural bonding agent, epoxy being preferred. In making the refining disk assembly, the disk may be formed from fiberglass or fiberglass-epoxy composite or stainless steel and the epoxy adhered assembly cured in a curing zone wherein, if the disk is formed from an uncured fiberglass material, the disk may be cured at the same time as the bonding agent.

Abstract: A pellet feeder (A) feeds pellets of vulcanized rubber or other materials and water or another fluid at controlled rates into a mixing tank (30). An agitator (32) mixes the pellets and fluid into a slurry. The slurry is pumped from the mixing tank to a mill (C) by a pump (34). The mill has a receiving region (70) defined between a stator (48) and a rotor (68) for receiving the slurry. The stator and rotor define a peripheral grinding zone (72) around the slurry receiving region. An impeller (74) has vanes which extend from the upper surface of the rotor to an abrasive surface (82) of the stator such that the impeller vanes are ground at the same rate as the stator and rotor wear to maintain a fluid seal around the impeller blades. Fluid cylinders (50, 52) maintain a constant pressure between the stator and rotor. The stator has a plurality of recesses (86, 86') which preferably have downstream extending relief areas (214).

Abstract: A multi-disk refiner utilizing a plurality of spaced rotor disks which rotate in a housing in spaced relation to a plurality of spaced stator disks, the confronting disks having ribs thereon which abrade a stock suspension passing in the space between the rotor and stator disks. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a plurality of flexible rotors which have spokes extending therefrom, the spokes being received in slots in loosely fitting relation so as to permit relative sliding movement between the spokes and the rotor disks while transmitting torque. A resilient bumper is provided on each of the spokes to provide a pivot point within the slot such that axial movement of the rotor disks provides a simple bending load to each spoke thereby defining a soft, linear spring system.

Abstract: A household grain mill includes a mill in which the grinding surfaces of the millstones (18, 20) are provided with recesses (28) which extend from the inside toward the outside with decreasing depth and which crack grain fed through a central opening and lead it to an outer grinding zone. The recesses (28) have an asymmetrical cross-sectional shape with two flanks (34, 36), of which the leading flank (34) is steeper than the trailing flank (36) and, together with the flatter flank (36) of the preceeding recess (28), forms an edge (38) which runs tangentially to the periphery of the central opening.

Abstract: A drier, especially for viscous materials, comprises a double-wall cylindrical vessel which is heated and to which the material to be dried is fed at one end with the dried material being removed at the opposite end. A drying gas inlet is connected to the drying chamber to pass the drying gas in counterflow or uniflow with the material and a shaft is rotatable along the axis of the chamber and carries adjustable disks with alternately inner and outer openings so that the material path through the vessel is deflected toward and away from the axis as the material passes successively through adjustable-length cells between these disks. All of the disks carry blades which scrape the material from the heated wall from the vessel and at least some of the disks carry rollers of predetermined spacing from this wall to adjust the particle size of the dried product.

Abstract: A grinding disc for use with grinding apparatus adapted to grind grain and the like. The grinding disc includes an opening centrally located therein, with the perimeter of the opening forming a plurality of teeth projecting toward the center of the disc. The teeth are separated by generally horseshoe-shaped notches. The grinding disc further includes a plurality of groups of channels on one face thereof defining grinding ridges therebetween and extending from near the periphery of the disc inwardly to the opening in the disc. Certain of the channels in each group intersect with certain other channels in at least one other group to form a cross-hatching of channels.

Abstract: A chipper roller for a two-stage grinding machine has removable circular knives spaced axially and circumferentially in an array following a helical path of two turns about the surface of the roller. Each knife is in the form of a disc with a central aperture for accepting a fastening element and with a cutting edge on one side adjacent its periphery and an annular groove on the same side adjacent said edge creating a rake which cooperates with the walls of the groove to produce curls from chunks of material. The knives are fastened to the roller in recesses with only a minor portion of the knife projecting above the surface of the roller. Upon dulling of the exposed edge the knife can be rotated to bring a sharp section of the cutting edge into operation.

Abstract: A pulp refining disk composed of an annular base and sets of radially oriented, tempered knife blades projecting from the base is formed by fabricating a model of the disk of wood or other soft material having the same profile as the intended finished disk, including projecting vanes corresponding to the blades in the finished disk. Then the disk model is pressed upside down into molding material to form a negative image of the disk model. Following removal of the model from the mold, tempered blades are placed cutting-edge-down into the slots formed in the mold by the vanes in the disk model, the blades being taller than the slots so that their back edges project somewhat into the part of the mold formed by the model base. Then one or more circular rings are positioned in the mold on the projecting back edges of the blades, concentric with the circular array of blades.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus for producing ligno-cellulose pulp, in which the pulp material, such as wood chips or bagasse, is ground in an environment of steam between a rotating grinding disc and a non-rotating grinding disc enclosed within a housing. Each disc comprises a series of peripherally disposed, radially extending segments provided with ridges and intervening grooves forming opposing grinding surfaces and defining therebetween a grinding space of predetermined width which merges with a central feed-in zone from which the pulp material is propelled by centrifugal force created by the rotating disc, radially outwards through the grinding space.

Abstract: Grinding apparatus for grinding grain and the like includes a pair of mutually facing grinding discs, a first of which has an opening centrally located therein, and a second of which has a support shaft extending from the center of the grinding face thereof through the opening of the first disc for mounting on the drive shaft of a motor. The first disc is fixedly mounted on support structure while the second disc is rotatable with rotation of the motor drive shaft. Included with the support shaft is biasing apparatus for urging the support shaft and second disc outwardly of the motor drive shaft against a bearing member disposed on the support structure. Each of the grinding discs includes a plurality of teeth extending radially inwardly toward the center of the disc, and a plurality of channels formed in the front face of the discs in a cross-hatched pattern.

Abstract: A matched pair of coaxial milling wheels for small flour mills such as those used in homes. A stationary milling wheel and an adjacent rotatable milling wheel each have a common central axis. Each includes first and second radial surfaces spaced along the axis. The adjacent faces of the wheels have a center cavity extending axially inward and defining the inner periphery of an annular milling face extending to the wheel periphery. Complementary grooves are formed in the milling face of both wheels to feed grain radially outward from the central cavities and to assist in cracking and grinding the particles to a fine state. The wheels are formed integrally from fired stoneware and have machined flat annular rims about the milling faces to assure accurate final grinding of the particles before they exit from the space between the two wheels.

Abstract: The teeth of the stator and rotor of the refiner are each formed with a surface layer on the leading flanks which is harder than the end faces so as to maintain a sharp cutting edge. The hardness of the surface layer is at least 600 HB while the end face is of a hardness of from 280 to 320 HB.

Abstract: A portable flour mill includes a fixed grinding wheel and a rotatable grinding wheel located inside a box-like housing. The fixed grinding wheel has a smooth and a tapered portion on its grinding face and is fastened to a removable interior wall of the housing. The rotatable grinding wheel has five symmetrically arranged V-shaped radial grooves on its grinding face and is journaled for rotation in a fixed interior wall opposite the fixed grinding wheel. The fixed grinding wheel is provided with an entranceway for receiving the grain which is to be ground. A feed hopper rests on a plate fixed to the removable interior wall and includes an exitway coincident with the entranceway of the fixed wheel. The wheels are selectively spaced apart with each other to grind different types of grain. Means for adjusting the spacing between the two wheels are disclosed.

Abstract: Refining elements for use in the refining of fibrous materials, such as cellulose pulps and the like, are disclosed. Specifically, the refining elements disclosed comprise a pair of refining zones disposed in a direction of flow of the fibrous materials through the refining element, both refining zones including both grooves and ridges on the face thereof, and specifically wherein the ratio of the width of the grooves to the width of the ridges in the first refining zone is greater than the ratio of the width of the grooves to the width of the ridges in the second refining zone. Preferably, the number of ridges in the second refining zone is less than that in the first refining zone, and at least three such refining zones may also be included in the refining element.