Abstract: A method for forming nanometer-sized super-iron salt particles and a storage battery having the nanometer-sized super oxidized iron salts is provided. The method includes providing super-iron salts, and grinding the super-iron salts to nanometer-sized super-iron salt particles in a water-free environment.

Abstract: A bedding material for use in small animal cages or the like comprises a hydrophilic cellulose fiber paper coated with a hydrophobic polypropylene coating. The bedding material is made from a combination of one or more of unused coffee filter paper and tea filter paper, air laid materials, and rayon which is shredded to produce a bedding material of a preferred size and texture. The material has a wet strength that keeps the fiber paper from fusing together when exposed to fluids but rather causes the fluids to wick out over a relatively large area for the bedding material to quickly dry. This prevents the buildup of ammonia and other unwanted odors.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for detaching a frozen charge from an inner wall of a grinding pipe of a tube mill such as is used for grinding. The method includes controlling a driving device of the grinding pipe to detach a frozen charge from an inner wall of the grinding pipe, which driving device is operable to apply a driving torque to the grinding pipe. Controlling the driving device includes varying the driving torque applied to the grinding pipe around a predetermined reference level.

Abstract: Mechanical milling of biomass as a pretreatment to render the biomass readily saccharifiable requires high energy input. Preceding mechanical milling by treatment with anhydrous ammonia was found to greatly reduce the energy requirement for fine milling, providing a more economical pretreatment process for commercial use.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided that includes an ice making system, that generally includes an ice maker for making ice, and an ice container for holding the formed ice. The ice making system may be positioned anywhere within the refrigerator, and it may be a modular ice system. The shape of the ice container limits the amount of useable space taken up by the system. The ice container includes a stir stick positioned within the ice container. The stir stick is configured to rotate and oscillate in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stir stick to provide movement of the stir stick into the full area of the ice container. The rotation and oscillation of the stir stick prevents ice from melting and clumping in the corners of the ice container, while also aiding in directing the ice towards a dispensing aperture of the ice container.

Abstract: Plate-like samples each having as a principal plane thereof a cross section perpendicular to the long axis direction of a polycrystalline silicon rod grown by the deposition using a chemical vapor deposition method are sampled; an X-ray diffraction measurement is performed omnidirectionally in the plane of each of the plate-like samples thus sampled; and when none of the plate-like samples has any X-ray diffraction peak with a diffraction intensity deviating from the average value ±2×standard deviation (?±2?) found for any one of the Miller indices <111>, <220>, <311> and <400>, the polycrystalline silicon rod is selected as the raw material for use in the production of single-crystalline silicon. The use of such a polycrystalline silicon raw material suppresses the local occurrence of the portions remaining unmelted, and can contribute to the stable production of single-crystalline silicon.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for producing pearl powder through levigation and rolling porcelain balls. The method the present invention prevents metal element from mixing into the pearl powder, thus ensuring the pure naturalness and medicinal value of the pearl powder.

Abstract: A mill for shredding scrap, comprising a shredding chamber able to contain scrap during the shredding and having a shredding unit, an inlet pipe connected to an opening of the shredding chamber, in order to transfer the scrap toward the shredding chamber. The mill comprises first thrust means associated with the inlet pipe, selectively movable between a loading position of the scrap into the inlet pipe and one or more intermediate positions to transfer by means of thrusting the scrap toward the shredding chamber. The mill also comprises second thrust means, disposed in proximity with the inlet of the shredding chamber, selectively movable between an inactive position, in which they do not interfere with the introduction of the scrap into the shredding chamber by the first thrust means, and one or more thrust positions in which they introduce into the shredding chamber the scrap moved by the first thrust means until the scrap is in proximity with the opening.

Abstract: To improve throughput of biomedical waste treatment, the present inventors devised an exemplary ozone-based system including a shredder, a roll-off treatment bin with ozone injectors, an ozone source, and a controller. The controller monitors electric current drawn by the shredder as shredded waste enters the ozone-enriched treatment bin. In response to current falling below a predetermined low level, indicating that a batch of waste has been shredded and loaded into the treatment bin, the controller starts a treatment timer. The timer measures elapsed ozone treatment or exposure time. If additional waste is added to the shredder and a subsequent low-current condition is detected, the controller restarts the treatment timer. Expiration of the timer indicates that the waste in the roll-off bin is sterilized and ready for transport to landfills. The exemplary system provides continuous waste processing and promises to boost throughput by 50% over some conventional ozone-based waste-treatment systems.

Abstract: An upper plate is spaced from a lower plate by a gap. Teeth extend from a lower surface of the upper plate toward the lower plate. The gap between the upper plate and the lower plate has a first size larger than a second size with the gap adjustable in height between the first size and the second size. Media storage items can be placed within the gap. A compression force is applied to move the plates toward each other and drive the teeth into the item. Preferably, relief holes are provided in the lower plate aligned with the teeth extending from the upper plate so that the teeth can entirely penetrate the item to be destroyed within the gap. Preferably, teeth also extend up from the lower plate. Guards associated with each plate sheath the teeth until the teeth extend into the gap for item destruction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for recovery of copper, aluminum, carbon and cathode material from spent lithium ion batteries having lithium metal oxide cathode material. The cathode material which is recovered can be regenerated with lithium hydroxide and reused as cathode material.

Abstract: A water-powered fish carcass disposal system that floats in a body of water, grinds fish carcasses into pieces having a desired size, and returns the pieces of the ground fish carcasses into the body of water.

Abstract: A safety system prevents cutting machine operators from being accidentally carried through the infeed chute into the machine's cutting mechanism. An operator wears a safety device on his wrist and/or ankle and a sensor array mounts on opposing sides of the cutting machine's infeed chute. The sensor array elements are wound in opposite directions and connect in series opposing. The magnetic field of the safety device induces a current in the sensor array as it moves in the proximity of the sensor array. The safety system generates a signal which is proportional to the sum of the induced currents. When the signal exceeds a threshold, the safety system shuts off power to the feed mechanism and/or the cutting blades of the cutting machine, preventing injury to the operator.

Abstract: An improved portable essence extractor in combination with a liquid container for the direct blending of freshly extracted edible and aromatic oils and such is provided. A portable essence extractor and liquid container combination is provided in which an essence extraction assembly may be removably connected to, and in fluid communication with, a liquid dispensing container. The container is operatively connected to the essence extraction assembly such that it is removably connects to the liquid dispensing container, as well as in fluid communication with the liquid volume. Placement of the essence extraction assembly at the top, bottom, middle, or any specific orientation or configuration should be equivalent, given the fluid communication between the comminuted foodstuff and the liquid volume such that the extraction of edible and aromatic oils can directly blend with any liquid contents of the volume.

Abstract: A device for extracting zest from a fruit includes a body, a carrier coupled to the body, and a blade coupled to the body. The carrier moves the fruit relative to the blade and holds the fruit as the blade separates a portion of the flavedo from the pith of the fruit's peel to extract zest from the fruit. The device also includes an arm that urges the blade against the fruit's peel to generate contact pressure as the carrier moves the fruit relative to the blade, and that allows the blade to move toward and away from the carrier to accommodate the contour of the fruit's peel, which is often curved. The blade includes a plurality of teeth, each configured to cut a portion of the fruit's flavedo from the fruit's pith without separating the pith from the berry.

Abstract: A drive system for a ball mill includes a motor with a slip-ring rotor. The motor is assigned a family of characteristics relating the torque of the motor to a further characteristic variable. The family of characteristics has at least two different characteristics, and it includes a switching element that switches over the drive system abruptly between the two characteristics when there is a constant value of the characteristic variable. In a method for operating a ball mill with a drive system, a drum of the ball mill is moved out of a state of rest when the first characteristic is activated. In the event of caking in the drum of the ball mill, it the drum is moved until the caking is in an inclined position. Actuation of the switching element brings about switching over to the second characteristic.

Abstract: The roller mill according to the invention consists substantially of two grinding rollers which are driven in opposite directions and form between them a grinding gap for comminuting material to be ground, and a delivery chute via which the material to be ground is fed to the grinding gap. Furthermore, there is provided in the delivery chute a pressure sensor for measuring the static gas pressure, which pressure sensor is connected to a control or regulating device, which changes the circumferential speed of the grinding rollers in dependence on the measured static gas pressure. In the method according to the invention for operating the above roller mill, the static gas pressure in the delivery chute is measured and used to control or regulate the circumferential speed of the grinding rollers.

Abstract: True zero-clearance cutting on a commercial scale is provided via a cutting area including a sacrifice material that is relatively softer than the cutter. One example is a cutting system which is capable of cutting a material such as, for example, tape or paper, into a fiber or powder. The cutting system includes a cutting blade, typically a rotary cutter, and a sacrificial plate or round bar contacting the cutting blade. The contacting portion has a zero clearance during the cutting operation. A metering mechanism is also provided which is capable of metering the material at a predetermined rate to the cutting blade. A mechanism is also provided for incrementally moving the sacrificial blade towards the cutting blade to ensure that the zero clearance is maintained between the cutting blade and the sacrificial plate, even when the sacrificial plate begins to wear down due to usage.

Abstract: A shredding machine for domestic or office use having a feed passage 3 leading to a cutting mechanism 10, 11 powered by an electric motor, has a thickness measuring device 15 for measuring the thickness of bundles of paper fed through the feed passage and the machine is controlled by a microprocessor which receives signals from the thickness measuring device and prevents the cutting mechanism from being energised if the thickness measured is above a threshold determined by the microprocessor. The microprocessor varies the threshold in accordance with electrical supply voltage, the electric motor temperature and the electric current drawn by the motor during a previous shredding operation, so that the maximum thickness the shredder will accept can be reduced automatically when motor temperature increases or as the effectiveness of the machine deteriorates throughout its working life.

Abstract: A method has been developed that estimates from the on line measurements of readily available process variables the proportion of the mass of fiber in the refining zone of a chip refiner relative to the mass with a full refining zone. This estimate of the filling factor is used to determine the margin available to load the refiner and the control action needed to avoid abnormal operation.

Abstract: A transition element-doped aluminum powder metal and a method of making this powder metal are disclosed. The method of making includes forming an aluminum-transition element melt in which a transition element content of the aluminum-transition element melt is less than 6 percent by weight. The aluminum-transition element melt then powderized to form a transition element-doped aluminum powder metal. The powderization may occur by, for example, air atomization.

Abstract: A shredder includes a housing having an opening for the insertion of media to be shredded. A cutting assembly for the shredding of media is disposed in the housing. A media detector including an infrared emitter and an infrared sensor is disposed about the opening for the detection of the presence of media to be shredded in the opening. A controller is disposed in the housing and is in responsive communication with the media detector for controlling the operation of the cutting assembly. The controller is programmed with a dynamic media detection threshold that is at least in part passed upon an emission sensed value and a background sensed value.

Abstract: A ball milling process for preparing hard alloy mixture, characterized by utilizing a process of stirring ball milling, in which balls of hard alloy with diameters of 4 to 6 mm are used, the positive and negative deviation of the diameters of the alloy balls is less than or equal to 0.1 mm; tungsten carbide powders with particle sizes of 0.3 to 0.8 ?m and cobalt powders are used; ethyl alcohol is used as a grinding medium, while paraffin wax is used as a forming agent. This process of ball milling has advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, ease of mass production, etc. and can be widely used in the preparation of hard alloy mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides a polycrystalline silicon rod having a total diameter of at least 150 mm, including a core A having a porosity of 0 to less than 0.01 around a thin rod, and at least two subsequent regions B and C which differ in porosity by a factor of 1.7 to 23, the outer region C being less porous than region B.

Abstract: In a vertical mill, a pulverization table is supported with a vertical rotation axis core in a housing so as to be capable of being driven and rotated, and a pulverization roller rotatable in conjunction with rotation of the pulverization table is disposed above the pulverization table so as to be opposed to the pulverization table, and a cutter roller rotatable in conjunction with rotation of the pulverization table is disposed above the pulverization table so as to be opposed to the pulverization table. Accordingly, a solid matter such as biomass can be efficiently pulverized, thereby achieving improvement in pulverization efficiency.

Abstract: A method for improving the dissolution profile of a biologically active material

Abstract: An adjusting apparatus of a feed opening of a crushing chamber of a crusher includes one or more adjusting parts arranged in connection with the feed opening, which one or more adjusting parts is/are movable during crushing for adjusting a flow area of material which is to be crushed and is flowing through the feed opening to the crushing chamber. The front edges of the adjusting parts form a unitary flow opening, the flow area of which is adjustable by moving one or more adjusting parts. An adjusting system includes the adjusting apparatus for a feed opening of a crushing chamber of a crusher. A method for adjusting a pressing crusher or a crushing plant suitable for mineral material crushing. A method for avoiding a start peak of a crusher. A method for limiting power intake and/or crushing pressure of a crusher.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to electrode materials, electrochemical cells employing such materials, and methods of synthesizing such materials. The electrode materials have a crystal structure with a high ratio of Li to metal M, which is found to improve capacity by enabling the transfer of a greater amount of lithium per metal, and which is also found to improve stability by retaining a sufficient amount of lithium after charging. Furthermore, synthesis techniques are presented which result in improved charge and discharge capacities and reduced particle sizes of the electrode materials.

Abstract: Fire-retardant powder comprising at least 30% by weight of Lewis acid, at least 5% by weight of alkaline bicarbonate, and at least 3% by weight of silica, and method of manufacturing such fire-retardant powder. A building material preferably comprising natural fibers and comprising at least 5% by weight and at most 30% of such powder.

Abstract: A food processor includes at least two different types of blades to process foods. A processing assembly includes a shaft, a set of pureeing blades attached to the shaft, and a set of substantially horizontal blades attached to the shaft. Each substantially horizontal blade may have a rearwardly curved leading cutting edge. The substantially horizontal blades are positioned higher with a food processing container than the pureeing blades. In some embodiments, upwardly angled blades may be included to induce vertical circulation and/or vorticial flow of the processed food.

Abstract: A molten alumina/zirconia grain mixture having the following chemical composition, in wt %: ZrO2+HfO2: 35 to 45.5%; Al2O3: 43.7 to 65%; other oxides: <10%; SiO2: <0.8%, which simultaneously adheres to a granulometric condition and to a densimetric condition.

Abstract: A method of protecting a roller crusher, having two rollers separated by a gap, from uncrushable objects is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: detecting an uncrushable object in an in-feed stream of material, opening a gap between the rollers to a by-pass width, which is significantly larger than an operational width, such that the uncrushable object is permitted to pass through the gap, restricting an in-feed to the gap, such that material is fed to the gap at a restricted in-feed rate, determining that the uncrushable object has passed through the gap, reducing the gap to the operational width, and opening the in-feed to the gap, such that material is fed to the gap at an operational in-feed rate. A roller crusher having a protective system for protecting the roller crusher from uncrushable objects is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a mill at continuous input and output mass flows, and to the mill, wherein a process model based on power balance equations and mass balance equations is used. Characteristic process variables can be measured in a simple manner outside the mill. Characteristic process variables which are still not known can be ascertained by means of inserting the measured values into a respective power balance equation, assuming that the other process variables are in each case known or are insignificant. On this basis, the mill can be actuated in an optimum manner in order to provide a high output power.

Abstract: A gyratory crusher comprises a first crushing shell mounted on a crushing head, and a second crushing shell mounted on a machine frame, a crushing gap being formed between said first and second crushing shells. A method of controlling the operation of said crusher comprises measuring a parameter being representative of the stresses to which the crusher is exposed during the crushing of material, determining an average value of said parameter, determining a deviation value of said parameter, calculating a peak value based on said average value and said deviation value, comparing said peak value to a reference value, and controlling the operation of the crusher in view of said comparison between said peak value and said reference value.

Abstract: There is described a crushing plant and a method for controlling the same. The crushing plant includes a crusher (1) and a feeding arrangement (3), and is driven by a diesel engine (13). A load value related to the diesel engine is retrieved e.g. by means of a J1939 interface. If the retrieved value exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the control loop of the feeding arrangement (3) is altered. Thereby it can be avoided that the diesel engine (13) stalls, such that continuous operation of the crushing plant may be ensured.

Abstract: A lid assembly for a food storage container includes a grating member removably attachable relative to the container. The grating member includes a grating surface having a plurality of cutting edges and a plurality of apertures configured to permit grated food product to pass therethrough. A drive member is rotatably coupled to the grating member. The drive element is drivingly coupled to an urging element that includes at least one inclined ramp surface. During rotation of the drive element relative to the container, the inclined ramp surfaces of the urging member urge the food product along the grating surface to grate and dispense the food product from the container.

Abstract: A bale splitter (1) for mounting on a front end loader arm of a tractor' comprises a support framework (5) having a plurality of tines (7) extending transversely therefrom for supporting a cylindrical wrapped bale (2). A pair of carrier arms (15) pivotally coupled to the support framework (5) carry a cutting blade (20) for splitting the bale (2) and for simultaneously cutting wrapping material of the bale (2). The cutting blade (20) is slightly spaced apart from the tines (7) for preventing cutting of the wrapping material (4) adjacent the tines (7) so that the wrapping material remains in one single integral piece after splitting of the bale (2). A grab (30) comprising jaws (32,33) is supported on the support framework (5) to abut the bale (2) when supported on the tines (7), and for gripping the wrapping material (4) prior to operation of the cutting blade (20) for cutting the bale (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a comminution device, in particular to a comminution device comprising an adjusting mechanism, said adjusting mechanism including a hydraulic cylinder (165, 167) which is coupled between the first and the second cutting element and is in hydraulic communication with a closed hydraulic and pneumatic volume (220, 230), which is filled with a hydraulic fluid in a first part (220a) and with air in a second part (220b), and the wall of which is at least partially transparent so that the hydraulic fluid level can be read from a scale (222) which displays a wear condition of the first and second cutting element.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a coffee machine grinder, which includes measuring the actual value of physical quantity relating to the percolation process and modifying the ground coffee grain size at least for the next percolation so that a possible detected deviation between the actual value and a reference value for the physical quantity is compensated.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a system and method for obtaining a test sample from a seed or seeds. The method generally includes placing at least one seed into a seed sampling chamber, breaking the seed into a plurality of seed particles inside the seed sampling chamber, placing a sampling element into the seed sampling chamber, and collecting at least a portion of the plurality of seed particles with the sampling element by attracting at least a portion of the seed particles to a surface of the sampling element or by forcing at least a portion of the seed particles into a feature of the sampling element. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a sampling element transfer device to transfer the sampling element to an extraction well, which may be used to extract DNA or proteins from the collected portion of seed particles.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for treating waste material comprising: —Collecting release coated cellulose or polymeric sheets from producers and end-users thereof in the form of dense, bulky masses, such as rolls and stacks; —Pre-shredding the dense, bulky masses of release coated sheets into smaller, less dense masses in preparation to the following process steps; —Preparing the pre-shredded material by mixing, separating foreign bodies like metals, etc., and feeding it to a primary grinding station (3); —Grinding the materials into small pieces, of the desired size, preferably down to less than 1 mm; —Adding additives selected from flame retardant, hydrophobic material, pesticide and mixtures thereof and mixing them with the recycled material; —Optionally forming a batt or a sheet by a wet process and/or by adding a binder.

Abstract: Described and claimed is a method, in which the state of a mill, which consists of a stator and a rotor and is driven by an alternating current motor, is derived from the rotational speed of the mill work. The rotational speed is measured with the aid of a rotating component connected to the mill work in a torque-proof way, especially with a Hall sensor, which co-operates with a permanent magnet fastened to said component. The determined speeds—normal for a normal operation of the mill and zero or very low in the event a blockage of the mill work—are put in relation to the idling rotational speed, which is also determined and is put in relation to the mains frequency. The determined rotational speeds are stored, and can be displayed. When there is a blockage, an alarm can be sounded.

Abstract: In order to detect a lack of coffee beans in a grinder unit of a coffee maker, a method is suggested in which the level and/or the spectrum of an oscillation generated by the grinder unit during its operation is measured. The level of the oscillation and/or the nature of the spectrum are used to decide whether or not coffee beans are present in the grinder unit. Preferably, the level of oscillation of the housing of the coffee grinder unit is monitored. If the level changes by more than a preset value and/or falls below a reference value, it is decided that coffee beans are lacking.

Abstract: This mixed powder for powder metallurgy, the powder having excellent fluidity and minimal graphite powder scattering, can be obtained relatively conveniently by mixing fine graphite having an average grain diameter of 4 ?m or less with an iron based powder. The process is performed without the addition of a binder and while shearing force is applied. It is preferable that the fine graphite have an average grain diameter of 2.4 ?m or less and be wet-milled. A portion of the fine graphite is preferably added in place of at least one constituent selected from the group consisting of carbon black, fullerene, carbon compounds carbonized by baking, and graphite having an average grain diameter of 5 ?m or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of mechano-structured nacre by mechanosynthesis of micrometric nacre powder, characterized in that the temperature of the nacre is kept below 40° C. It also relates to the mechano-structured nacre and to uses thereof, in particular on implants and bone substitute pieces on which the mechano-structured nacre is deposited.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to devices, and to the use of the same, for producing fuel pellets from moist biomass of all kinds, wherein the biomass is comminuted, mechanically dehydrated, dried, and then processed into pellets, wherein the comminution is a fine comminution and/or the biomass is washed before or after the comminution—optionally with the water developing during the mechanical dehydration—and is optionally pre-dehydrated and/or heated before the mechanical dehydration step, and is optionally comminuted again after the mechanical dehydration for easier drying.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling a mill system having at least one mill, e.g., an ore mill or cement mill, wherein electrical power is drawn from a power network to rotate at least one mill body for comminuting a material fed to the at least one mill body. One or more control variables of the mill system are regulated such that the power drawn from the power network corresponds to a predetermined setpoint power draw-off for the mill system. The method may provide control power in the power network for compensating for fluctuations in energy generation due to increased use of regenerative energies. The method may be used, e.g., to regulate high energy mill systems, e.g., tube mills, SAG mills, or ball mills, such that even relatively large quantities can be made available as control power in the power network.

Abstract: A method for aligning a cutter spindle of a granulator, particularly an underwater granulator, relative to a cutting plate includes rotationally driving the cutter spindle with a drive motor, measuring a force acting on the cutter spindle, generating a corresponding signal, and adjusting especially the angular alignment of the cutter spindle relative to the cutting plate as a function of the signal by pivoting the cutter spindle about at least two pivot axes which enclose an angle with each other A granulator, particularly an underwater granulator, for producing plastic granulate, has a cutting box and a cutter spindle, a cutter holder rotatably received in the cutting box, and a drive motor connected to the cutter spindle, and is configured to perform the aforedescribed method.

Abstract: Lithium-based compound small particle compositions, as well as methods and structures associated with the same, are provided. The particle compositions, in some cases, are characterized by having an nano-size particles. The particle compositions may be produced in a milling process. In some embodiments, the particles may be coated with a coating that may enhance certain properties of the particle composition (e.g., electrical conductivity).

Abstract: An apparatus a circular blade device to produce consistent separated portions of a product to produce a severed portion, pulled and/or shredded product from cooked meat items or other food products as well as a more consistent sized crumble with precooked sausage based items.