Abstract: A building module for use in construction of a building comprising a deck oriented in a horizontal plane and a plurality of hollow structural members extending downwardly from around a periphery of the deck. A method of constructing a building comprising placing a plurality of prefabricated modules according to a floor plan to form a story of the building, pouring concrete into the hollow structural members of the plurality of modules to form structural columns, pouring concrete onto the decks of the plurality of prefabricated modules for form structural slabs, and allowing the structural columns and structural slabs to set to complete the story of the building. Embodiments include a plurality of techniques for sealing adjacent prefabricated modules and for installing a balcony on the prefabricated modules.

Abstract: A guardrail mounting bracket includes an upper bracket assembly comprising an upper support component and an upper clamp component; a lower bracket, wherein the upper clamp component is oriented between the upper support component and the lower bracket; and a clamp fastener supported by the upper support component and configured to engage the upper clamp component, the clamp fastener movable relative to the upper support component to selectively bias the upper clamp component towards the lower bracket.

Abstract: A guardrail mounting bracket for a staircase includes an upper clamping bracket comprising an upper post engagement portion and an upper stair engagement portion, the upper stair engagement portion defining an upper stair engagement surface; a lower clamping bracket comprising a lower post engagement portion and a lower stair engagement portion, the lower stair engagement portion defining a lower stair engagement surface; and a front clamping bracket coupled to the lower clamping bracket and defining a front stair engagement portion.

Abstract: An adjustable support for use in shuttering formwork comprising a base member, a shuttering contact member, and a bracing member, wherein the base member, the shuttering contact member and the bracing member are engaged hingedly with one another. The bracing member is engaged securably with the shuttering contact member and the base member. The bracing member is adjustable, such that adjustment of the bracing member causes rotation of the shuttering contact member about the base member. Also disclosed is a method for supporting shuttering comprising providing one or more adjustable supports as described above, affixing the or each base member to a substantially static object, assembling the or each bracing member and the or each shuttering contact member as described above, adjusting the or each bracing member and attaching the or each shuttering to the or each shuttering contact member.

Abstract: An RC lattice beam is provided that can greatly dampen the transfer of vibrations in particular. As the concrete included in the RC lattice beam is polymer concrete that contains a polymer, fine-scale vibrations that may otherwise affect exposure apparatuses may be effectively dampened, while the depth of the conventional lattice beam may be kept the same. Thus, a high-damping RC lattice beam is provided that is capable of maximizing the performance of a precision exposure apparatus by reducing the defect rate and improving productivity.

Abstract: The invention comprises a concrete form. The concrete form comprises a first panel having a first primary surface for contacting plastic concrete and a second primary surface opposite the first surface; and a second panel having a first primary surface and a second primary surface opposite the first surface, the second panel being attached to the first panel so that the first primary surface of the second panel is adjacent the second primary surface of the first panel. The concrete form also comprises a layer of radiant heat reflective material and a layer of insulating material disposed between and covering the second primary surface of the first panel and first primary surface of the second panel. A method of using the concrete form is also disclosed.

Abstract: A safety trailer including first and second platforms, at least one of said first and second platforms having an axle and wheels attached thereto; a plurality of interconnected wall sections positioned between and connected to the first and second platforms, the plurality of wall sections defining a protected work area on a side of the trailer; and wherein each wall section has a lower bracing section comprising a single horizontal beam, two diagonal braces and a plurality of cross-braces, to allow workers in the protected work area to access a portion of the area under the wall section.

Abstract: A barrier wall has a first vertical support and a second vertical support. A first wall panel is disposed between the first vertical support and second vertical support. A second wall panel is disposed between the first vertical support and second vertical support over the first wall panel. An I-beam is disposed between the first wall panel and second wall panel. The I-beam includes a first flange and second flange extending into the first wall panel and second wall panel. A cable is disposed between the first wall panel and second wall panel. The I-beam includes a ridge around the cable. A grounding cable is attached to the I-beam. The first wall panel includes a first channel extending for a length of the first wall panel. A first sound absorbing material strip is disposed in the first channel. A traffic barrier is disposed under the first wall panel.

Abstract: The invention comprises a flying table concrete form. The flying table concrete form comprises a concrete forming deck comprising a first concrete forming panel having a first primary surface adapted for forming and contacting plastic concrete and a second primary surface opposite the first primary surface, a layer of insulating material contacting and substantially covering the second primary surface of the first concrete forming panel, and a second panel contacting and substantially covering the layer of insulating material. The flying table concrete form also comprises a plurality of deck support members extending transversely with respect to the second panel, wherein the first concrete forming panel defines a plane and wherein no portion of the deck support members are in the plane defined by the first concrete forming panel. A method of using the flying table concrete form is also disclosed.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a method, including arranging one or more frames (22) and one or more boards (24), such that the frames, together with the boards, enclose a space (26). The method further includes pouring first concrete (28) into the space, and, after the first concrete solidifies, within the space, into a structure (42), removing the boards from the structure. The method further includes pouring second concrete (70) over the frames, such that the second concrete solidifies, over the frames, into respective walls that are adjacent to the structure. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A concrete forming stake apparatus including a base member having a planar side and a stake mounting port disposed opposite the planar side. The apparatus further includes a stake attachment unit including a tubular portion that engages with the stake mounting port, and a joint connected to the tubular portion. The apparatus further includes a stake that attaches to the joint.

Abstract: A method of installing an edging system for a unit pavement system includes positioning a paver-contacting surface of an edge restraint against an edge of a unit pavement system including a plurality of paver units, and driving a horizontal stake in a generally horizontal direction underneath at least one paver unit of the plurality of paver units and into a granular material layer upon which the unit pavement system is supported such that the horizontal stake is operatively connected with the edge restraint. The edge restraint includes a horizontal section and a vertical section joined at a corner. The vertical section extends upwardly from and generally perpendicular to the horizontal section. An edging system for a unit pavement system is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises a flying table concrete form. The flying table concrete form comprises a concrete forming deck comprising a first concrete forming panel having a first primary surface adapted for forming and contacting plastic concrete and a second primary surface opposite the first primary surface, a layer of insulating material contacting and substantially covering the second primary surface of the first concrete forming panel, and a second panel contacting and substantially covering the layer of insulating material. The flying table concrete form also comprises a plurality of deck support members extending transversely with respect to the second panel, wherein the first concrete forming panel defines a plane and wherein no portion of the deck support members are in the plane defined by the first concrete forming panel. A method of using the flying table concrete form is also disclosed.

Abstract: A structurally supportive backer panel formed to fit within the recesses of a form liner to support the form liner when casting textured surfaces into concrete. The backer panel has a series of protrusions which fit within the recesses of the form liner in order to prevent the concrete pressure from deflecting and buckling the form liner. When the wet concrete is poured into a form fitted with the backer panel and form liner, the concrete fills the form and contacts the form liner, wherein the backer panel ensures that the shape of the form liner is not affected by the pressure and weight of the concrete.

Abstract: A concrete side form system suitable for factory casting or site casting concrete. The side form includes a substantially rigid longitudinally extending wall. The wall has a first face to define the edge profile of a concrete panel poured onto a casting bed bounded by the wall and a second face opposite the first face having formation to enable the wall to be secured to the casting bed. The wall includes a longitudinally extending frame having formation along at least one of its edges to removably receive a removable longitudinal insert to provide a shape along an edge of the concrete panel. The removable inserts provide the system with the ability to simply, easily and cost effectively change the edge profile of concrete poured against the side form.

Abstract: A pre-cast concrete wall system for crawlspace applications is herein disclosed. The system includes a plurality of interconnected pre-cast concrete wall panels having a recessed area along one side to reduce concrete usage and weight, while maintaining load bearing properties. The wall panels are securely fastened to a substructure, such as footers, using anchors and to each other by opposingly aligned keyways and connecting fasteners. Each wall panel includes at least one (1) pair of leveling bolts which provides for the leveling of the wall panels and correct for any unevenness in the footer. The wall panels are fabricated using a rotating casting table which allows an operator to pour concrete at ergonomic heights and rotate the casting table and cured wall panel member to a vertical position for convenient unloading and transportation of the wall panel to a job site.

Abstract: In a formwork in concrete construction, particularly for a round vessel, in which, for a further construction section, formwork elements enclose an upper edge of a completed wall portion, are secured to this completed wall portion, and protrude over this wall portion for filling with concrete, vertical members are arranged parallel to, and at a distance from, the wall portion, and a slide is displaceable at every vertical member, and formwork elements are connected to the slide.

Abstract: A shuttering element for producing concrete and reinforced concrete structures comprises a multi-layer panel and a frame element which at least partially surrounds the multi-layer panel and provides at least one identification element that can be contactlessly written on the read form. Methods for producing and repairing such shuttering elements are also provided.

Abstract: Concrete forming panels according to the present invention are formed using a series of interlocking panel sections mechanically connected at a forward face of the panel. The mechanical connection uses a hook portion of one section received in a slot portion of an adjacent section with a pivot and stop relation defining the planar forming face. A series of brace members extend across the panel sections on a rear surface and maintain engagement of the panel sections and reinforce the panel sections against deformation of the forming face during use of the panel. The arrangement is economical to manufacture in many different sizes as may be required by a customer. Some welding is used, however the mechanical connection greatly reduces the amount of welding required. Replacement sections can easily be used to repair damaged panels.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the protection of a railroad rail, a direct fixation plate or another support unit, a rail to rail connection and a rail to plate connection contacting with concrete upon placing of concrete during construction. The method comprises a step of disposing a mask over a railroad track having a railroad rail, a rail connector and a rail tie to protect the railroad track while placing concrete, the mask configured to cover the rail connector and tie. The mask has a connecting portion, a central portion, an extending portion configured to mask an upper longitudinally extending portion of a railroad rail, and at least one perpendicular section disposed to cover a railroad tie, direct fixation plate or other support unit.

Abstract: One possible embodiment of the invention could be a system for creating forms used to make concrete structures comprising of plurality of panels, each panel having two or more sets of spaced-apart tie apertures; a plurality of ties, each tie forming a body between two ends, each end having a locking aperture, a plurality of L-shaped brackets with two flanges having a respective set of spaced-apart perforations; a plurality of locking mechanisms that attach to ties and connect L-shaped brackets together; wherein two or more ties are located between a pair of parallel and opposing panels, the ends of the ties protruding through respective tie apertures and perforations of L-shaped brackets located on the outside of the panels, the locking mechanisms engaging respective locking apertures to form an assembled pair of panels, the assembled pairs being connected together to create a form with a continuous cavity to receive plastic concrete.

Abstract: Scaffold systems (SMV) to make substantially vertical building works, with sensitive time and manpower savings. In an advantageous embodiment, a scaffold is formed by a couple of modular semi-scaffolds which face each other, a semi-scaffold being placed in a cis-position over the work under erection and the other semi-scaffold is set in the trans-position.

Abstract: A sideform molding accessory (10) includes a cap member (12) for capping an end (14) of a sideform (16). The cap member (12) includes a pair of opposed sides (12.1) and (12.2) and a peripheral portion (13) with at least a part of a profile (18) of the peripheral portion (13) complementing a molding surface (20) of the sideform (16) A retaining member (22) extends from one of the sides (12.2) of the cap member (12) for retaining the cap member (12) in position relative to the end (14) of the sideform (16).

Abstract: The concepts disclosed herein provide for a concrete mold that improves upon existing concrete molds known in the art. The hinged side-panel members that are locked to a hold-down frame allow for the mold to cure a concrete member, and then allow the concrete member to be removed without the need to break-down the frame surrounding the concrete member. During the pouring and ensuing curing process of the concrete member, the hinged side-panel members are secured to the hold-down frame and to each other in order to hold the concrete in the mold. Once the concrete is cured, the hinged side-panel members may be unlocked and opened quickly, allowing for expedient removal of the concrete member. After closing and re-locking the hinged side-panel members, the mold may be reused to cure another concrete member without the need to rebuild the frame around the mold.

Abstract: A mat for creating patterns in concrete includes a center portion, a feathered border surrounding the center portion, a top surface, and a bottom surface. A design stamp is positioned in the center portion of the bottom surface.

Abstract: A composite moldboard unit includes a main portion and a buckle structure. The main portion has a horizontal side and a vertical side. An engagement rabbet and an edge are formed at the lower end of the vertical side. The buckle structure is a substantially arc-shaped barricade portion. A button block is formed at the lower end of the barricade portion and may engage with the engagement rabbet. A space may be formed by and between the barricade portion and the main portion and may hold cementing material. In addition, the barricade portion in various types of shape can be used to generate different patterns. Also, the composite moldboard unit of the present invention has a smaller size or volume and hence the packaging, transport and storage of it would be easier and less costly. As a result, the overall production cost is reduced.

Abstract: A method for forming a brick façade positioning assembly includes positioning a plurality of bricks in a specified wall pattern. A film is placed over the bricks, and the film is molded over the bricks to form a custom brick film tray. The custom brick film tray includes brick shaped tray recesses in the specified wall pattern. The plurality of bricks are positioned within the brick shaped tray recesses. Optionally, a liquid setting material is poured on the custom brick film tray and the plurality of bricks to form a brick façade wall. The brick façade wall includes the bricks in the specified wall pattern provided by the custom brick film tray.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting formwork panels in wall construction comprises a pair of rails for supporting the lower edges of a pair of formwork panels. Spacers fixed to the floor engage the rails to maintain them parallel to one another a predetermined distance apart.

Abstract: A formwork element (1) with a lining skin (2) and, arranged on an edge or close to an edge of the lining skin (2), at least one metal edge web (3) or outer frame or carrier (4) supporting the lining skin (2) comprises identification means in the form of a transponder (6) which is arranged in a depression (7) of an edge web (3) or outer frame or carrier (4) on its surface which is directed away from the lining skin (2) and which, in the use position, is directed towards an adjacent formwork element. This depression (7) encloses the transponder (6) laterally and on one face such that only one surface is accessible to the outside for a detector since the depression (7) is closed on that side of the edge web (3) or frame or carrier (4) situated in the direction towards the center of the lining panel or the formwork element (1). The transponder (6) is held in the depression (7) by means of a polymer and/or adhesive compound (8).

Abstract: A process for making a panel for supporting the sidewalls of an excavation includes a plate, longitudinal members and vertical members. Each longitudinal member includes a first leg extending along the length, substantially parallel to and spaced laterally from the plate. The first leg of each longitudinal member being located adjacent and secured to the first leg of another member. A second leg, integral with the first leg, extends along the length, away from the first leg and toward the plate, the second leg being secured to the plate. Axially spaced vertical members are welded to the plate and to the longitudinal members.

Abstract: A sideform (10) for a sideform system includes an elongate body member (12) defining a side forming face (14) and an opposed mounting portion (16) for mounting the body member on a sideform holder. At least one recessed region (18, 20), in which an insert is receivable, is defined in the body member (12). An engaging arrangement (22) is associated with the recessed region (18, 20) for securing the insert in position in the recessed region (18, 20). At least one attaching formation (28) is arranged on the body member (12) in association with the side forming face (14) for attaching an edge form.

Abstract: A formliner and method of use are provided in order to minimize and/or eliminate visible seaming between interconnected formliners. In some embodiments, the formliner can comprise raised sections that define interrelated inner and outer dimensions. Thus, a plurality of formliners can be interconnected by overlaying raised sections thereof. Further, the formliner can comprise one or more detents and one or more protrusions to enable engagement between interconnected formliners without requiring adhesives. In this manner, formliners can be interconnected in a nested manner such that visible seaming between the interconnected formliners is reduced and/or eliminated.

Abstract: A system for constructing a form for forming a concrete structure is disclosed herein. The system may include a number of extensible form panels. An extensible form panel may be constituted with a basis frame having a basis frame section and an extensible frame section extensible for a variable amount in at least one direction, along one axis. The frame sections may be configured to respectively accept and support basis and filler facings. The extensible frame section may include male/female endings. The system may also include a capping member with male and/or female endings. A form panel may include hinges, which may be swivelable, drive screws, and/or electronic motors. The system may further include a stub free to facilitate vertical coupling of form panels. In various embodiments, the parts may be formed with reusable material or materials.

Abstract: This invention concerns a concrete side form system suitable for factory casting or site casting concrete. The side form (10) comprises a substantially rigid longitudinally extending wall. The wall has a first face to define the edge profile of a concrete panel poured onto a casting bed (16) bounded by the wall and a second face opposite the first face having formation to enable the wall to be secured to the casting bed. The wall comprises a longitudinally extending frame having formation along at least one of its edges to removably receive a removable longitudinal insert (13) to provide a shape along an edge of the concrete panel. The removable inserts (12, 13) provide the system with the ability to simply, easily and cost effectively change the edge profile of concrete poured against the side form. Architects can use the invention to specify standard or non standard edge profiles and achieve a much more diverse range of aesthetic finishes to the concrete edges without the cost being prohibitive.

Abstract: A formliner and method of use are provided in order to minimize and/or eliminate visible seaming between interconnected formliners. In some embodiments, the formliner can comprise raised sections that define interrelated inner and outer dimensions. In this manner, a given portion of a first formliner can mate with another given portion of a second formliner in a nested manner. As such, edges of the interconnected formliners can be discreetly hidden along features of the formliner pattern to reduce and/or eliminate visible seaming between the formliners.

Abstract: The invention relates to a formwork system with a formwork support preferably for supporting at least one formwork piece, and a magnet device, movably coupled to the formwork support, for fixing the position of the formwork support on a formwork base, wherein the magnet device has a magnet member, which can be transferred between a raised position, in which the formwork support can be moved together with the magnet device relative to the formwork base, and a lowered position in which the formwork system is magnetically fixed relative to the formwork base. Advantageously, with the present invention the magnet device for transferring the magnet member between the raised position and the lowered position is movable relative to the formwork support.

Abstract: A former, process for making same, process for using same, and resulting pavement-like site, where the former is a one-time use structure made of wood fiber or paper pulp molded into a rigid shape and defining a plurality of hollow peak-like structures extending from a base sheet. Each peak is substantially closed at its extremity away from the base sheet and open at the extremity at the base sheet. This former is used for installing combination pavement and dirt/gravel surfaces such as those known under the tradename Grasscrete®.

Abstract: A shuttering element for producing concrete and reinforced concrete structures comprises a multi-layer panel and a frame element which at least partially surrounds the multi-layer panel and provides at least one identification element that can be contactlessly written on the read form. Methods for producing and repairing such shuttering elements are also provided.

Abstract: A formwork element (1) with a lining skin (2) and, arranged on an edge or close to an edge of the lining skin (2), at least one metal edge web (3) or outer frame or carrier (4) supporting the lining skin (2) comprises identification means in the form of a transponder (6) which is arranged in a depression (7) of an edge web (3) or outer frame or carrier (4) on its surface which is directed away from the lining skin (2) and which, in the use position, is directed towards an adjacent formwork element. This depression (7) encloses the transponder (6) laterally and on one face such that only one surface is accessible to the outside for a detector since the depression (7) is closed on that side of the edge web (3) or frame or carrier (4) situated in the direction towards the centre of the lining panel or the formwork element (1). The transponder (6) is held in the depression (7) by means of a polymer and/or adhesive compound (8).

Abstract: An apparatus for producing one or more pre-cast concrete structures. The apparatus may include partitions that may be positioned in a side by side arrangement. The partitions may be moveable with respect to each other to facilitate installation of reinforcing material and removal of the concrete structures from the apparatus after the concrete has hardened. Cavities may be defined by the partitions for receiving concrete to form structures having panels with integral columns. The columns may include slots for receiving an adjacent panel such that adjacent concrete structures may be joined together to form a continuous wall. The partitions may also include interchangeable liners such that different textures or finishes may be applied to the concrete structures.

Abstract: A false formwork system (40) includes a plurality of sideforms (17) which are able to be interconnected to define a perimeter of an opening in a panel to be cast. A support structure (24) is carried by the sideforms (17) for supporting components (26) used to mould a false skim coat overlying the opening when the panel is cast. An opening demarcation portion (21) is carried by each of at least some of the sideforms (17). Each opening demarcation portion (21) defines a zone of weakness to demarcate the skim coat of the cast panel from a remainder of the panel and to facilitate removal of the skim coat from the remainder of the panel by breakage along the zone of weakness.

Abstract: An insulated concrete form system having a pair of bottom U-shaped channels secured to a concrete slab that serve as a footprint for a concrete wall. Exterior and interior foam sheets are aligned within the bottom U-shaped channels that define the wall. Top U-shaped channels are slipped over a top edge of the foam sheets. A plurality of strongbacks are used to provide structural support for the foam sheets during a concrete pour of the wall. The strongbacks each have a pair of hangers adapted to be secured over the top U-shaped channels to secure the strongbacks to the foam sheets. A top wall spacer is used to join a strongback on one side of the wall cavity to a strongback on a second side of the cavity to resist pressure exerted outward on the foam sheets during a concrete pour to form the wall.

Abstract: Provided is a form panel for construction, which is foldable so as to be used in a planar section and a corner of a concrete building. The form panel includes a front plate supporting cast concrete, a folded portion formed at the center of a rearward surface of the front plate in a lengthwise direction to be thinner than portions positioned at its opposite sides, side connecting sections and upper and lower connecting sections, which are formed at edges of the front plate excluding the folded portion, and one or more reinforcing members installed at the side connecting sections and the rearward surface of the front plate. The form panel is formed of a synthetic resin material by an injection-molding technique. Since the form panel is foldable at a predetermined angle, it can be easily used as a form panel for a wall forming a predetermined angle. In particular, it is possible to prevent inconvenience and difficulty in fabricating form panels for use in corners for construction.

Abstract: A re-usable modular formwork comprising at least one panel having edge ribs and transversal ribs, each of the ribs comprising two parallel walls perpendicular to the formwork panel and preferably perpendicular to the walls of the rib and to the panel. Said ribs are disposed along the perimeter of the panel and transversally to the panel. Other ribs of smaller height may be positioned diagonally within the square or rectangular areas delimited by the edge ribs and the transversal ribs. Where two or more main transversal ribs and/or edge ribs intersect, these ribs have rounded joints. Centrally in said rounded joints, there is an opening for introducing a containing rod. Other openings may be present on the edge ribs for inserting and locking closing keys.

Abstract: A sidewall construction for casting concrete elements, said sidewall construction comprising a mold surface plate (4) defining the surface of the product to be cast and a support construction (1, 2, 3), where the mold surface plate is fixed to, whereby the support construction is formed of two horizontal aluminium profiles (1, 2) and of at least one vertical aluminium profile (3) connecting the same.

Abstract: This invention concerns a concrete side form system suitable for factory casting or site casting concrete. The side form (10) comprises a substantially rigid longitudinally extending wall. The wall has a first face to define the edge profile of a concrete panel poured onto a casting bed (16) bounded by the wall and a second face opposite the first face having formation to enable the wall to be secured to the casting bed. The wall comprises a longitudinally extending frame having formation along at least one of its edges to removably receive a removable longitudinal insert (13) to provide a shape along an edge of the concrete panel. The removable inserts (12, 13) provide the system with the ability to simply, easily and cost effectively change the edge profile of concrete poured against the side form. Architects can use the invention to specify standard or non standard edge profiles and achieve a much more diverse range of aesthetic finishes to the concrete edges without the cost being prohibitive.

Abstract: An example concrete wall form assembly includes a frame having a plurality of studs. A first panel and a second panel fasten to the plurality of studs. The first panel and the second panel span the studs to provide a wall form that has a concrete receiving cavity having a cavity height. The wall form includes an aperture for moving concrete through the wall form to the concrete receiving cavity. The aperture has a first aperture height less than the concrete receiving cavity height.

Abstract: A forming panel is provided which is particularly useful as a large, crane-set forming panel for forming concrete walls. The forming panel includes a face plate and a frame, the frame including channels having a slot extending longitudinally therealong. The slot is adapted to receive a filler insert having a bushing which includes a flexible barrier having a brush-like element with a plurality of filaments extending into a passage configured to receive either a tie bar or a tie rod. The forming panel preferably includes a shiftably mounted bracket for supporting a waler, scaffold or strongback thereon, wherein the bracket includes an arm which may be pivoted to a position substantially parallel to the frame and its mounting plate for transport and/or storage. The face plate may be provided as a multilayered composite panel and the frame may include rails having grooves on the side opposite the face plate which receive flexible barriers for inhibiting the passage of fine particles of concrete therepast.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for connecting insulation panels of insulated concrete formwork. Each panel has opposing edges and male interconnecting means on a first edge and female interconnecting means on a second edge. The device is a block with opposing edges wherein each opposing edge of the block has similar interconnecting means that mate with the interconnecting means on one of the edges of each of the panels.

Abstract: A mat for creating patterns in concrete includes a center portion, a feathered border surrounding the center portion, a top surface, and a bottom surface. A design stamp is positioned in the center portion of the bottom surface.