Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of disturbance correction and to a laser scanning microscope carrying out this method. Specifically, it is directed to an image recording method according to the MINFLUX principle, in which a spatially isolated fluorescence dye molecule is illuminated at a sequence of scan positions by an intensity distribution with a local intensity minimum, and the number of fluorescence photons emitted by the fluorescence dye molecule is detected at each of the scan positions. The location of the molecule is determined with a high spatial resolution from the scan positions and the numbers of fluorescence photons. A disturbance is captured when illuminating the fluorescence dye molecule and detecting the fluorescence light, said disturbance being considered in corrective fashion when determining the location of the fluorescence dye molecule.

Abstract: An optical imaging device for a microscope includes an objective and an optical system configured to interact with the objective for optically imaging an object selectively in a first operating mode and a second operating mode. The optical system includes a first optical subsystem associated with the first operating mode, and a second optical subsystem associated with the second operating mode. The first optical subsystem is configured to form a first image of the object with a first magnification. The second optical subsystem is configured to form a second image of the object with a second magnification that is less than the first magnification. The second optical subsystem includes an optical module insertable into the optical path for selecting the second operating mode. The optical module includes a lens element with a positive refractive power.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for disposing of excess material of a photolithographic mask, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (a) enlarging a surface of the excess material; (b) displacing the enlarged excess material on the photolithographic mask using at least one first probe of a scanning probe microscope; and (c) removing the displaced enlarged excess material from the photolithographic mask.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging system is provided. The system includes a Galvanometer mirror; a multiple-facet light steering device; and a controller device comprising one or more processors, memory, and processor-executable instructions stored in memory. The processor-executable instructions comprise instructions for receiving a first movement profile of the Galvanometer mirror of the LiDAR scanning system; receiving calibration data of the multiple-facet light steering device of the LiDAR scanning system; generating a second movement profile of the Galvanometer mirror based on the calibration data and the first movement profile; and providing one or more control signals to adjust movement of the Galvanometer mirror based on the second movement profile.

Abstract: An optical system includes an incident beam divider structured to divide an incident beam into multiple derivative beams having varying polarizations. The optical system further includes a beam splitter structured to reflect and transmit the multiple derivative beams into different optical paths that have varying lengths. In the different optical paths, the multiple derivative beams experience reflection on one or more mirrors associated with each optical path. The one or more mirrors direct the multiple derivative beams back to the beam splitter, where the multiple derivative beams are then directed to a common detector. The common detector generates images of the multiple derivative beams, and a computing device analyzes the generated images to determine an error present in the images associated with the incident beam.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light emitter, a driver, and a signal outputter. The light emitter emits a laser beam. The driver operates, depending on a signal inputted thereto, in a master state in which the driver performs initialization by reading data from a storage device or in a slave state in which the driver drives the light emitter according to an operation mode corresponding to the signal. The signal outputter outputs the signal to the driver. For the initialization of the driver, the signal outputter outputs a signal for setting the driver to the slave state and setting the operation mode to a specific operation mode. The driver performs the initialization based on a beam intensity of the laser beam emitted from the light emitter driven according to the operation mode based on the signal outputted from the signal outputter.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, kits and systems for sample enrichment, multi-step library preparation, sample normalization, detection of sample biomolecules and combinations thereof. Enrichment and multi-step library preparation is described in the context of microfluidic workflows. Sample barcoding methods and kits are described for increasing sample throughput while reducing background in negative samples. Integrated microfluidic devices comprising sample processing unit cells coupled to an array of reaction sites are provided for integrated workflows.

Abstract: An optical module for imaging light emitting objects on an image sensor comprises a polarizing beam splitter having an entrance face, an exit face, first and a second return faces, a first reflector facing the first return face, a first achromatic quarter-wave retardation plate between the first return face and the first reflector, a second reflector facing the second return face, and a second achromatic quarter-wave retardation plate between the second return face and the second reflector. The first and second reflectors differ in at least one of their orientation with regard to the first and second return faces or their spectral properties. At least one of the first reflector and the second reflector comprises a dichroic mirror arranged between the respective achromatic quarter-wave retardation plate and a further mirror of the respective reflector. The dichroic mirror is tilted with regard to the further mirror of the respective reflector.

Abstract: An automatic system for inspecting a cutting edge of a ring shaped blade. An example system includes one supporting and moving group rotatably mounted around one rotation axis and configured to support the ring shaped blade between at least one parking position and at least one reading position, one first emitting unit configured to emit at least one first inspection light beam, one second emitting unit configured to emit at least one second inspection light beam, one first detecting unit configured to detect a first light beam reflected from the ring shaped blade, and one second detecting unit configured to detect a second light beam reflected from the ring shaped blade, and one control and processing unit configured to receive an input and process at least one detection signal and output at least one quality index of the cutting edge of the ring shaped blade.

Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) measuring device. The 3D measuring device includes a rotational supporting shaft, a supporting frame configured to support the supporting shaft, a beam irradiator arranged at the supporting shaft for irradiating beam of light onto an object, a capturer arranged at the supporting shaft to be at a distance from the beam irradiator and configured to capture the beam projected on the object, and at least one processor configured to control rotation of the supporting shaft and obtain a 3D shape of the object based on image information obtained by the capturer as the supporting shaft is rotated.

Abstract: A system is provided for automatic identification and annotation of objects in a point cloud in real time. The system can automatically annotate a point cloud that identifies coordinates of objects in three-dimensional space while data is being collected for the point cloud. The system can train models of physical objects based on training data, and apply the models to point clouds that are generated by various point cloud generating devices to annotate the points in the point clouds with object identifiers. The solution of automatically annotated point cloud can be used for various applications, such as blueprints, map navigation, and determination of robotic movement in a warehouse.

Abstract: A display apparatus for displaying video made by laser light includes at least one laser of which the light output varies in accordance with current, a storage unit configured to store at least one conversion table for correcting current-light output characteristics of the laser so as to approximate to desired characteristics, and a control unit configured to retrieve the conversion table from the storage unit to cause the at least one laser to emit light based on data converted using the conversion table.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for a stray-light testing station. In one aspect, the stray-light testing station includes an illumination assembly including a spatially extended light source and one or more optical elements arranged to direct a beam of light from the spatially extended light source along an optical path to an optical receiver assembly including a lens receptacle configured to receive a lens module and position the lens module in the optical path downstream from the parabolic mirror so that the lens module focuses the beam of light from the spatially extended light source to an image plane, and a moveable frame supporting the optical receiver assembly including one or more adjustable alignment stages to position the optical receiver assembly relative to the illumination assembly such that the optical path of the illumination assembly is within a field of view of the optical receiver assembly.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for laser-based communications are disclosed. At least one embodiment relates to laser-mediated underwater communications, in which one or more laser signals transmit encoded information from a transmitter to a receiver. Additionally, an underwater transmitter node sends information to an underwater receiver node using one or more lasers. At least an additional embodiment relates to laser-based communications that may be used to send information across a variety of media (e.g., air, water, etc.). Specifically, a first and a second communications system each sends a laser beam to the other. Each communications system further includes a position sensitive detector (PSD) that obtains positioning and/or steering information of an incoming laser beam and ensures that the positions of both the outgoing laser beam and the incoming laser beam match.

Abstract: A system for a microscope includes a display and an input interface. The system is configured to reproduce, in response to a user input to the input interface, a virtual tour of use of the microscope via the display. The system can be applied, for example, for teaching of microscopy at schools and universities.

Abstract: According to the embodiment, an optical inspection method includes: emitting, acquiring, and comparing. The emitting includes emitting light beams having a first wavelength and a second wavelength toward an imaging unit in accordance with light beam directions from a subject, with light beam intensities of the first wavelength and the second wavelength being in a complementary relationship. The acquiring includes acquiring each of information of a first image related to the first wavelength and information of a second image related to the second wavelength with the imaging unit. The comparing includes comparing the information of the first image and the information of the second image to extract unevenness information of the subject.

Abstract: There is provided a distance measurement system in which a plurality of distance measurement sensors are installed to detect an object in a measurement area, the system including: a detection intensity distribution display device that performs quantification according to light intensities of light which reaches the object after being emitted from the distance measurement sensors, or point cloud numbers, and displays colors or lights and shades according to magnitudes of numerical values to perform visualization and a display. The detection intensity distribution display device regards a space in front of the distance measurement sensors as one cube, divides the cube into a plurality of small cubes (voxels), and quantifies a detection intensity according to the light intensity of the light that reaches each of the voxels after being emitted from the distance measurement sensors, or the point cloud number of each of the voxels.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining signal information based on wireless signals received from a target electronic device via a first antenna pair and a second antenna pair. The first and second antenna pairs are aligned along different axes. The signal information includes channel information, range information, a first angle of arrival (AoA) based on the first antenna pair, and a second AoA based on the second antenna pair. The method also includes obtaining tagging information that identifies an environment in which the electronic device is located. The method also includes generating encoded information from a memory module based on the tagging information. The method further includes initializing a field of view (FoV) classifier based on the encoded information. Additionally, the method includes determining whether the target electronic device is in a FoV of the electronic device based on the FoV classifier operating on the signal information.

Abstract: In an example, the present invention provides an optical engine apparatus. The apparatus has a laser diode device, the laser diode device characterized by a wavelength ranging from 300 to 2000 nm or any variations thereof. In an example, the apparatus has a lens coupled to an output of the laser diode device and a scanning mirror device operably coupled to the laser diode device. In an example, the apparatus has an un-patterned phosphor plate coupled to the scanning mirror and configured with the laser device; and a spatial image formed on a portion of the un-patterned phosphor plate configured by a modulation of the laser and movement of the scanning mirror device.

Abstract: A system is provided for automatic identification and annotation of objects in a point cloud in real time. The system can automatically annotate a point cloud that identifies coordinates of objects in three-dimensional space while data is being collected for the point cloud. The system can train models of physical objects based on training data, and apply the models to point clouds that are generated by various point cloud generating devices to annotate the points in the point clouds with object identifiers. The solution of automatically annotated point cloud can be used for various applications, such as blueprints, map navigation, and determination of robotic movement in a warehouse.

Abstract: A laser processing system for micromachining a workpiece includes a laser source to generate laser pulses for processing a feature in a workpiece, a galvanometer-driven (galvo) subsystem to impart a first relative movement of a laser beam spot position along a processing trajectory with respect to the surface of the workpiece, and an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) subsystem to effectively widen a laser beam spot along a direction perpendicular to the processing trajectory. The AOD subsystem may include a combination of AODs and electro-optic deflectors. The AOD subsystem may vary an intensity profile of laser pulses as a function of deflection position along a dither direction to selectively shape the feature in the dither direction. The shaping may be used to intersect features on the workpiece. The AOD subsystem may also provide rastering, galvo error position correction, power modulation, and/or through-the-lens viewing of and alignment to the workpiece.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a virtual object construction method and apparatus, and the method includes: obtaining a plurality of first planes on a target object in an environmental image according to an acquired environmental image; obtaining a plurality of corner points according to the plurality of first planes; constructing a virtual object corresponding to the target object according to a corner point located on the target object in the plurality of corner points.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus performs an optical axis adjustment with respect to a reference surface and obtains high measurement accuracy. In an outer surface of a box-shaped light receiving housing, reference surfaces which become a reference at the time of placing the light receiving housing. In the light receiving housing, the light receiving side telecentric lens is mounted. An imaging element holder holding a two-dimensional imaging element is provided on an inner surface opposite to an introducing opening of the light receiving housing, and the two-dimensional imaging element is mounted in a manner of being capable of adjusting its position and posture.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring dimension of a semiconductor structure are provided. A probe of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is controlled at first to move a first distance from a preset reference position to a top surface of a semiconductor structure to be measured in a direction perpendicular to the top surface of the semiconductor structure to be measured, then the probe is controlled to scan the surface of the semiconductor structure to be measured while keeping the first distance in a direction parallel to the top surface of the semiconductor structure to be measured, amplitudes of the probe at respective scanning points on the surface of the semiconductor structure to be measured are detected, and a Critical Dimension (CD) of the semiconductor structure to be measured is determined according to the amplitudes of the probe at respective scanning points on the surface of the semiconductor structure.

Abstract: A configuration of a time and space-resolved infrared spectroscopic analysis which can be integrated onto a chip is provided. An infrared analysis system includes a light source having a nanocarbon material as a luminescent material, and a photodetector configured to detect an infrared light emitted from the light source and transmitted through or reflected from a sample, wherein the nanocarbon material is provided on a surface of a substrate and configured to output a surface-emitted light.

Abstract: A laser detection and ranging (LADAR) device, including: a laser adapted to generate a laser emission path; an optical path scanning unit adapted to deflect the laser emission path and scan a target object using the laser emission path; a reflected light receiving unit coaxial to the laser emission path and adapted to receive a reflected light from the target object via the optical path scanning unit, and output an electric signal corresponding to the reflected light; a signal processing unit adapted to, according to the electric signal, generate distance information between the LADAR device and the target object, and process a plurality of acquired distance information, to yield position information of the target object; and a housing, including a filter disposed on the optical path of the optical path scanning unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of providing control data for an additive manufacturing device. The method includes accessing computer-based model data of at least a portion of the object to be manufactured, generating at least one data model of a region of a building material layer to be selectively solidified for manufacturing the at least one object portion. The data model specifies solidification of the building material, and the end point of the at least one solidification path a set of energy introduction parameter values is specified which generates a reference value for the radiation power per unit area in the radiation impact area of the beam bundle on the building material which is lower than the reference value for the radiation power per unit area at other locations of the solidification path, and providing control data corresponding to the generated at least one data model for generating a control data set for the additive manufacturing device.

Abstract: A laser projection device includes at least one first reflector element, which is linearly movable. A period of the at least one first reflector element corresponds to a period of time for reproducing a single. The laser projection device includes at least one second reflector element, which is movable in a sinusoidal manner, a semiperiod of a sine corresponding to one line. The at least one first reflector element and the at least one second reflector element are movable about two axes at least substantially perpendicular to each other. The laser projection device includes at least one control and/or regulating unit, which is configured to control and/or regulate the at least one first reflector element.

Abstract: A gimbal device for supporting an external photographing device includes a depth camera, a control unit and an actuator. The depth camera is configured to obtain spatial coordinates of a subject being photographed. The control unit is configured to determine a direction adjustment value of the gimbal device according to the spatial coordinates. The actuator is configured to receive the direction adjustment value and to adjust spatial orientation of the gimbal device according to the direction adjustment value, so that the external photographing device is able to track the subject being photographed. The control unit is further configured to obtain initial three-axis data of the gimbal device and three-axis data after the gimbal device is set to determine an angle difference between the initial three-axis data and the set three-axis data, and the actuator is further configured to receive the angle difference.

Abstract: A truncated non-linear interferometer-based sensor system includes an input that receives an optical beam and a non-linear amplifier that generates a probe beam and a conjugate beam from the optical beam. The system's local oscillators are related to the probe beam and the conjugate beam. The system includes a sensor that transduces an input with the probe beam and the conjugate beam. The transduction detects changes in the phase of each of the probe beam and the conjugate beam. The system's phase sensitive detectors detect phase modulations between the respective local oscillators, the probe beam, and the conjugate beam and outputs phase signals based on detected phase modulations. The system measures phase signals indicative of the sensor's input resulting from a sum or difference of the phase signals. The measurement exhibits a quantum noise reduction in an intensity difference, a phase sum, or an amplitude difference quadrature.

Abstract: An apparatus for Digital Imaging in the Head Region of a Patient includes an X-ray source and an X-ray sensor, supported on a rotary arm supported on a structure by a motor driven translation and rotation means. The rotary arm is provided with adjustment means for varying the distance between the source and the sensor. A control unit, that controls the source, the sensor, the adjustment means, and the translation and rotation means Collision detection means provided in the source and sensor detect a possible collision of the source and/or sensor with the patient during the motion of the source and/or sensor and the control unit responds to such detected possible collision.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging system is provided. The system includes a Galvanometer mirror; a multiple-facet light steering device; and a controller device comprising one or more processors, memory, and processor-executable instructions stored in memory. The processor-executable instructions comprise instructions for receiving a first movement profile of the Galvanometer mirror of the LiDAR scanning system; receiving calibration data of the multiple-facet light steering device of the LiDAR scanning system; generating a second movement profile of the Galvanometer mirror based on the calibration data and the first movement profile; and providing one or more control signals to adjust movement of the Galvanometer mirror based on the second movement profile.

Abstract: Techniques for generating aligned, augmented reality views are disclosed. In some embodiments, an estimate of a floorplan of a three-dimensional space is first generated based on one or more received views of the three-dimensional space from a camera located in the three-dimensional space. A camera pose of the camera in the three-dimensional space is next determined based on generating a corrected floorplan from the estimate of the floorplan based on foreknowledge associated with the floorplan. Display of a rendering having the determined camera pose is facilitated in an actual view of the camera, resulting in an aligned, augmented reality view.

Abstract: An image reader used as a back surface reading unit includes LEDs, a first mirror, a second mirror, a third mirror, a lens, and a CCD inside a housing. The first mirror, which first reflects light reflected from the document, is positioned farther away from the document reading position than other reflecting mirrors (i.e. the second mirror and the third mirror) in an optical axis direction of the optical path connecting the document reading position and the first mirror.

Abstract: An atomic force microscope (“AFM”) based interferometer, uses a light source, and a splitting optical interface, splitting the light beam into a signal light beam and a reference light beam. Both the signal and reference light beams are focused in the vicinity of an AFM cantilever. A beam displacer introduces a lateral displacement between the signal light beam and reference light beam, the lateral displacement being such that, in at least one plane between the beam displacer and the focusing lens structure, the center of the signal light beam is separated from the center of the reference light beam by more than half a sum of their beam diameters on that plane. A detector operates to determine differences in optical path length between the signal light beam and reference light beam to determine information about movement of the cantilever.

Abstract: A system is provided for automatic identification and annotation of objects in a point cloud in real time. The system can automatically annotate a point cloud that identifies coordinates of objects in three-dimensional space while data is being collected for the point cloud. The system can train models of physical objects based on training data, and apply the models to point clouds that are generated by various point cloud generating devices to annotate the points in the point clouds with object identifiers. The solution of automatically annotated point cloud can be used for various applications, such as blueprints, map navigation, and determination of robotic movement in a warehouse.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a bone implant is provided. The manufacturing method includes the following steps. Firstly, an implant body is provided, wherein the implant body is made of metal comprising titanium or an alloy comprising titanium. Then, a processing apparatus is provided, wherein the processing apparatus comprises an ultrafast laser source, a first wave plate and a second wave plate. Then, ultrafast laser light is emitted by the ultrafast laser source to the implant body through the first wave plate and the second wave plate to form a plurality of microstructures and a titanium dioxide film, wherein each microstructure has a height and a weight, the weight is less than 2 micrometers, and the height is less than 1 micrometer.

Abstract: This invention teaches a multi-sensor quality inference system for additive manufacturing. This invention still further teaches a quality system that is capable of discerning and addressing three quality issues: i) process anomalies, or extreme unpredictable events uncorrelated to process inputs; ii) process variations, or difference between desired process parameters and actual operating conditions; and iii) material structure and properties, or the quality of the resultant material created by the Additive Manufacturing process. This invention further teaches experimental observations of the Additive Manufacturing process made only in a Lagrangian frame of reference. This invention even further teaches the use of the gathered sensor data to evaluate and control additive manufacturing operations in real time.

Abstract: A mounting structure of a rotating member of an encoder for detecting a phase angle of a magnet provided on a rotor of a motor includes: a rotating shaft configured to be rotated by driving of the motor; the rotating member on which a phase angle detection pattern configured to detect the phase angle is formed; and a boss attached to the rotating member and configured to mount the rotating member to an end of the rotating shaft. In this configuration, the end of the rotating shaft and the boss are provided with a first positioning structure configured to position a mounting position of the boss relative to the rotating shaft about the axis of the rotating shaft.

Abstract: Methods aim to reduce and/or eliminate the need for shims in manufacturing assemblies, such as in manufacturing of aircraft wings. Exemplary methods include predicting a set of predicted manufacturing dimensions within a range of predetermined allowances for a first part, manufacturing the first part, scanning the first part to determine a set of actual manufacturing dimensions for the first part, and at least beginning manufacturing a second part before the scanning the first part is completed. The second part may be manufactured based on the set of predicted manufacturing dimensions for the first part. Once the scan of the first part is completed, the set of predicted manufacturing dimensions may be compared to a set of actual manufacturing dimensions to check for any non-compliant deviances between the predicted and actual manufacturing dimensions. Repairs and local re-scans may be performed in the areas of the non-compliant deviances, which may streamline manufacturing.

Abstract: A mounting structure of a rotating member of an encoder for detecting a phase angle of a magnet provided on a rotor of a motor includes: a rotating shaft configured to be rotated by driving of the motor; the rotating member on which a phase angle detection pattern configured to detect the phase angle is formed; and a boss attached to the rotating member and configured to mount the rotating member to an end of the rotating shaft. In this configuration, the end of the rotating shaft and the boss are provided with a first positioning structure configured to position a mounting position of the boss relative to the rotating shaft about the axis of the rotating shaft.

Abstract: A laser beam monitoring system configured to monitor an attribute of an incident laser beam (24), the laser beam monitoring system comprising a beam separating element (30) and a plurality of sensors (34a-34d), wherein the beam separating element is configured to form a plurality of sub-beams (24a-24d) from the incident laser beam (24), a first sub-beam being directed towards a first sensor of the plurality of sensors and a second sub-beam being directed towards a second sensor of the plurality of sensors, wherein relative intensities of the first and second sub-beams are determined by a spatial position at which the incident laser beam is incident upon the beam separating element.

Abstract: A measurement arrangement for measuring diffusely reflected light and specularly includes a measurement light source for generating measurement light, an optical receiver for receiving measurement light, and a first mirror for reflecting the measurement light emerging from the measurement light source. The measurement arrangement additionally comprises a second mirror for reflecting diffusely reflected measurement light to the optical receiver. A settable third mirror is also provided, which in a first position is aligned for directing the measurement light that was directed onto a sample by the first mirror and specularly reflected by the sample to the optical receiver. The third mirror in a second position releases a beam path between the second mirror and the optical receiver, so that the measurement light directed onto the sample by the first mirror and diffusely reflected by the sample to the second mirror is directed to the optical receiver by the second mirror.

Abstract: A mobile dimensioning device, i.e. a mobile dimensioner, is described that uses a dynamic accuracy while still being compatible with the NIST standard. Even if the accuracy division is dynamic and not predetermined, a mobile dimensioning device of the present invention reports the actual dimensioning prior to measurement capture and can therefore be certified and used in commercial transactions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a unit configured to perform image forming operation, a unit board in the unit, a wiring configured to be connected to the unit board, and a control board configured to be connected to the unit board with the wiring and control the unit. The unit board includes a connector to which the wiring is to be connected. A length of the connector in a longitudinal direction of the connector is longer than a length of the unit board in a widthwise direction of the unit board, and the longitudinal direction of the connector intersects the widthwise direction of the unit board.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for extending a time period until changing a measuring tip of a scanning probe microscope. In particular, the invention relates to a method for hardening a measuring tip for a scanning probe microscope, comprising the step of: Processing the measuring tip with a beam of an energy beam source, the energy beam source being part of a scanning electron microscope.

Abstract: A three-degrees-of-freedom adjustment device driven by piezoelectric ceramics includes a Z-direction deflection mechanism at a bottom, an X-direction deflection mechanism mounted at the bottom, a Y-direction deflection mechanism mounted on the X-direction deflection mechanism, and a stage mounted on a deflect block of a deflection mechanism angle output; wherein the Z-direction deflection mechanism is located at the bottom, including a mounting substrate and two pre-compressed piezoelectric stacks; the piezoelectric stacks in the Z-direction deflection mechanism deflect in a Z direction under equal voltages; the X-direction deflection mechanism is similar to the Y-direction deflection mechanism in principle, including a deflection mechanism frame and a pair of piezoelectric stacks, wherein the X-direction deflection mechanism and the Y-direction deflection mechanism are vertically mounted, and are perpendicular to the Z-direction deflection mechanism plane as a whole.

Abstract: A pipe cleaning robotic device for sludge removal and suction and discharge includes a rail having a plurality of receiving grooves spaced at a predetermined distance on one side thereof; a fixed unit formed at an end of the rail, inserted into a pipe, and fixed in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the pipe; a driving unit mounted on the rail and movable in forward and backward directions along the rail by a wheel drive rotated by an external power; a cylindrical frame for moving and rotating in the forward and backward directions according to driving of the wheel drive; and a sound wave generator formed on one side of an outer circumference of the frame to generate a sound wave to remove the sludge in the pipe cleaning robotic device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a first output unit configured to detect a light beam deflected by a rotary polygon mirror rotated by a drive unit to output a first signal, a second output unit configured to output a second signal to be used as a reference, and a first controller configured to perform the phase control based on the first signal and the second signal. The phase control is performed in accordance with a condition set based on a rotation speed of the drive unit corresponding to an image forming speed by outputting a drive signal having a predetermined pulse width to the drive unit to accelerate or decelerate the drive unit so that the first signal and a position signal, based on the second signal, substantially match. The condition being a pulse width of the drive signal and/or a frequency of performing the phase control.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes: a light source; a screen on which an image is formed when light from the light source is applied thereto; an optical system configured to generate a virtual image by light from the screen; an actuator configured to move the screen in an optical axis direction; a support base supporting the actuator; and a dynamic damper installed on a non-movable part on the support base.