Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for determining the shape of a glass sheet during and/or after the forming process. In one example, a system for determining the shape of a glass sheet defining an interior bulk can include a light source, an image capture device and a processor that are configured to calculate the location of an energy centroid within a selected portion of the bulk of the glass sheet.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical instrument for imaging fluorescence signals from an arrangement of a plurality of individual detection sites, for example the wells of a microtitre plate. In order to improve the light yield of the fluorescence excitation with excitation light as well as the light yield of the detection of the fluorescence signals, an objective array is provided which is arranged in the beam path between the field lens and the detection sites and comprises a field lens array with field lens array elements and a pupil lens array with pupil lens array elements. In order to improve the channel separation and suppress interfering light the objective array can comprise a diaphragm array with in each case two diaphragm openings per detection site.

Abstract: The particle beam irradiation apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a beam generation unit; a beam emission control unit which controls emission of the particle beam; a beam scanning indication unit which two-dimensionally indicates a position of the particle beam in series for each of slices obtained by dividing an affected area to be irradiated in an axial direction of the particle beam; a beam scanning unit which two-dimensionally scans the particle beam based on an indication signal from the beam scanning indication unit; a phosphor film which is provided between the beam scanning unit and a patient and emits light in an amount corresponding to a particle dose of the particle beam transmitting therethrough; an imaging unit which images the phosphor film for each slice; and a display unit which obtains an irradiation dose distribution of each slice from image data imaged by the imaging unit and displays the obtained irradiation dose distribution associated with a scanning position of the

Abstract: X-ray detector assemblies and related computed tomography systems are provided. In this regard, a representative X-ray detector assembly includes: a scintillator assembly having a scintillation component and an optical fiber; the scintillation component being operative to emit light responsive to X-rays being incident thereon; the optical fiber being positioned to receive light emitted from the scintillation component.

Abstract: A method for controlling gain of a scintillation detector includes using a reference radiation source and a photomultiplier tube and controlling the gain of the scintillation detector based on the reference radiation source. The controlling includes detecting change in the gain of the scintillation detector, determining an amount of the change in the gain, outputting a control signal to compensate the amount of the change in the gain, and stabilizing the gain against the reference radiation source based on the control signal. A gain control system for controlling gain of a scintillation detector includes computer-readable instructions stored in the memory for causing the processor to detect change in the gain of the scintillation detector determine an amount of the change in the gain, output a control signal to compensate the amount of the change in the gain, and stabilize the gain against the reference radiation source based on the control signal.

Abstract: A fluorescence microscope for rare cell detection includes a laser beam illumination source for generating a laser beam to illuminate a specimen. A laser beam shaper is configured to generate a flat top (or uniform) laser beam. A time delay integration (TDI) image acquisition system includes a movable stage to hold the specimen, and a bi-directional row shiftable CCD array of a CCD camera system. The movable stage and bi-directional row shiftable CCD array are synchronized to acquire an image of the specimen by TDI. A low resolution image conversion arrangement includes the bi-directional row-shiftable CCD array and a clock which controls operation of the bi-directional row-shiftable CCD array, whereby charge is combined and collected during a readout operation, resulting in a lower resolution, yet high speed, acquired image.

Abstract: A detector system adapted for monitoring a radiation treatment system comprising a pulsed beam radiation source for treating a body with a given beam intensity and beam configuration, with pulse times and intervals between pulses less than 100 milliseconds, using at least one monitoring radiation source located inside or outside the body, the detector system comprising; a) a detector designed to detect radiation from the monitoring source, and subject to interference radiation from the beam source; and b) control circuitry that creates a data record of radiation received by the detector, to provide information about the body; wherein, when the detector detects radiation in real time during operation of the beam, the data record selectively excludes data for radiation received by the detector during the pulses, as opposed to data for radiation received by the detector between pulses.

Abstract: In order to ensure an even image quality of digital X-ray recordings, provision is made for an X-ray detector with light-sensitive pixel elements arranged in an active readout matrix and with a reset-light source arranged therebehind in the radiation direction of X-ray radiation, wherein the reset-light source is designed as a planar OLED (organic light-emitting diode) matrix applied to a film.

Abstract: A medical radiation apparatus has a beam source and a deflection apparatus, which can be activated by means of a data processing device according to a radiation schedule generated using a recording of tissue to be irradiated produced using a medical imaging diagnosis device, said data processing device being set up for data purposes such that characteristics of the radiation acting on the tissue according to different irradiation scenarios can be visualized in a common display.

Abstract: A radiation detector comprises: a substrate (54); a two-dimensional array of solid state detector elements (50) disposed on or in the substrate and defining a detector array area (52); electrodes (Ec, Ea) disposed on or in the substrate; and electrically conductive connecting lines (60, 64) disposed on or in the substrate and operatively electrically connecting the solid state detector elements and the electrodes, the electrically conductive connecting lines arranged to define a maximum area in conjunction with any one conducting solid state detector element that is less than or about one tenth of the detector array area. An imaging system comprises an MR scanner (10) and a PET or SPECT imaging system arranged to have some interaction with a magnetic field generated by the MR scanner, the PET or SPECT imaging system including scintillator elements (40) and the aforesaid radiation detectors arranged to detect scintillations generated in the scintillator elements.

Abstract: A device for monitoring an automatic drift compensation of a scintillation counter may include a drift compensation monitoring unit which is designed to evaluate a counting rate caused by a monitoring radiation source for the purpose of monitoring the automatic drift compensation.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) representation of one or more light sources inside a sample, such as a mammal. Mammalian tissue is a turbid medium, meaning that photons are both absorbed and scattered as they propagate through tissue. In the case where scattering is large compared with absorption, such as red to near-infrared light passing through tissue, the transport of light within the sample is described by diffusion theory. Using imaging data and computer-implemented photon diffusion models, embodiments of the present invention produce a 3D representation of the light sources inside a sample, such as a 3D location, size, and brightness of such light sources.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other modalities are described for (a) obtaining an indication relating to an emission module (which may be dangerous, e.g.) or its user (who may be untrained, e.g.) and for (b) configuring the module or causing an irradiation (for imaging, e.g.) in response to the indication.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other modalities are described for (a) obtaining an indication relating to an emission module (which may be dangerous, e.g.) or its user (who may be untrained, e.g.) and for (b) configuring the module or causing an irradiation (for imaging, e.g.) in response to the indication.

Abstract: The present invention presents a non-destructive method and means of obtaining either the inner portion or the outer contour of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model of the outer contours of a gemstone.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting and determining a source azimuth for gamma radiation includes at least two scintillation crystals at angular offsets and directed toward a common plane of detection, photodetectors adjacent to each of the scintillation crystals for converting the light response of the scintillation crystals into distinct electrical signals, and a digital processing system configured to analyze spectral data from each electrical signal produced for each crystal. The digital processing system monitors a finite number of spectral windows corresponding to a selected set of radioisotopes, and uses one or more of the electrical signals to determine a signal intensity and a likely source azimuth for a detected radioisotope in the plane of detection. Another scintillation crystal directed outside of the common plane of detection may be used for three-dimensional detection. Related methods for detection and location of gamma ray sources are discussed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for forming an optical trap with light directed through or above a semiconductor material. A preferred embodiment selected light-trapping wavelengths that have lower absorption by the semiconductor. A preferred embodiment provides for an optical trapping through semiconductor employing a thin silicon (Si) wafer as a substrate. Further embodiments of the invention provide for microchannel fabrication, force probe measurement, sorting, switching and other active manipulation and assembly using an optical trap.

Abstract: A processor of an radiographic image capturing system comprises a display unit for displaying a registration menu through which ordering information for image-capturing is registered, the ordering information including an image capturing unit to be used and image capturing conditions, a detecting unit for detecting a type of the image capturing unit to be used, and a selecting unit for selecting the registration menu to be displayed on the display unit, depending on the detected type of the image capturing unit to be used.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, a radiation detector device (10) for detecting a primary radiation (6) comprises a scintillator (12) which generates a converted primary radiation in response to incoming primary radiation (6) and a photo detector (14) for detecting the converted primary radiation. The radiation detector device (10) further comprises a secondary radiation source (20) for irradiating the scintillator (12) with a secondary radiation (22) which has a wavelength different from a wavelength of the first radiation (6) and which is capable of producing a spatially more uniform response of the scintillator (12) to primary radiation. In an embodiment of the invention, the radiation detector device (10) is an X-ray detector of an X-ray imaging apparatus where the primary radiation is X-ray radiation and the secondary radiation has a wavelength between 350 nm and 450 nm. According to an embodiment, the irradiation with the secondary radiation, e.g.

Abstract: A method for automatic Pole-Zero adjustment in a radiation measurement system, the method including steps of: receiving a plurality of pulses from a radiation detector; for each of the plurality of pulses, synthesizing a multiple-peak pulse shape; and using the amplitude measurement of individual peaks in each of the multiple-peak pulse shapes to adjust the pole-zero of the radiation measurement system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a defect imaging device that has an energy beam that is directed at a device under test. The energy beam creates positrons deep within the material of the device under test. When the positrons combine with electrons in the material they produce a pair of annihilation photons. The annihilation photons are detected. The Doppler broadening of the annihilation photons is used to determine if a defect is present in the material. Three dimensional images of the device under test are created by directing the energy beam at different portions of the device under test.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an assembly for generating optical section images. The invention permits the three-dimensional, layered optical scanning of spatially extended objects and is used in microscopy, but is not limited to this field. In said method, illumination patterns with periodicity in at least one direction are projected into a Plane and the light from the sample which is reflected and/or scattered and/or emitted fluorescence light is being imaged onto a spatially resolving detector. According to the invention, initially there is a calibration step, in which the local phase and/or the local period of the illumination patterns are determined for each location on the detector. In the sample detection mode, for the calculation of each optical section image there are two illumination patterns projected into or onto the sample and the resulting intensity distributions are used to form an image on the detector.

Abstract: A fluorescent reference member capable of providing a detection reference with high reliability and a fluorescent detection device including the fluorescent reference member is provided. The fluorescent reference member includes a fluorescent reference plate having an irradiation surface on which a fluorescent ink contained in a fluorescent material emitting fluorescence upon receipt of irradiation of exciting light is applied and which is irradiated with the exciting light.

Abstract: A technique is provided for forming a multi-layer radiation detector. The technique includes a charge-integrating photodetector layer provided in conjunction with a photon-counting photodetector layer. In one embodiment, a plurality of photon-counting photosensor elements are disposed adjacent to a plurality of charge-integrating photosensor elements of the respective layers. Both sets of elements are connected to readout circuitry and a data acquisition system. The detector arrangement may be used for energy discriminating computed tomography imaging and similar computed tomography systems.

Abstract: A luminescence quantum efficiency measuring instrument is provided for easily and surely changing luminescence of a luminescent sample exhibiting strong luminescence anisotropy into an isotropic luminescence and for accurately measuring the luminescence quantum efficiency of the luminescent sample. The luminescence quantum efficiency measuring instrument comprises an integrating sphere (1) having a center, an excitation light entrance window (2), and a detection probe end (3) connected to a spectroscope, the excitation light entrance window and the detection probe end being disposed in respective directions perpendicular to each other on a plane including the center, wherein a luminescent sample (5) is disposed inside the integrating sphere (1) and on a vertical line extending from the center and vertical to the plane, and a baffle plate (7) is disposed at a place through which the luminescent sample (5) is seen from the detection probe end (3).

Abstract: A dosimeter for radiation fields is described. The dosimeter includes a scintillator a light pipe having a first end in optical communication with the scintillator and a light detector. The light pipe may have a hollow core with a light reflective material about the periphery of the hollow core. The dosimeter may further include a light source that generates light for use as a calibrating signal for a measurement signal and/or for use to check the light pipe.

Abstract: To retrieve information from an optical storage medium having a recording layer in which binary information is recorded in a form of presence or absence of a fluorescing property, the recording layer is illuminated with a light beam in a linearly polarized state, to induce fluorescence in the recording layer. Fluorescent light is isolated from light reflected in the optical storage medium by a polarized light separation element attenuating a linearly polarized component (including the light reflected in the optical storage medium) of the light coming from the optical storage medium, and the fluorescent light derived from the induced fluorescence is detected by a photosensor, which outputs a signal bearing the binary information recorded in the recording layer.

Abstract: A device for collection of radionuclides includes a mixture of a polymer, a fluorescent organic scintillator and a chemical extractant. A radionuclide detector system includes a collection device comprising a mixture of a polymer, a fluorescent agent and a selective ligand. The system includes at least one photomultiplier tube (PMT). A method of detecting radionuclides includes providing a collector device comprising a mixture comprising a polymer, a fluorescent organic scintillator and a chemical extractant. An aqueous environment is exposed to the device and radionuclides are collected from the environment. Radionuclides can be concentrated within the device.

Abstract: The distribution of abnormal tissue, such as lesions, in an observed object is precisely detected regardless of the distribution of absorbing material present in a living organism. Provided is a fluorescence imaging apparatus (1) including an excitation-light radiating unit (2) that irradiates an observed object with excitation light of a plurality of wavelengths; a filter (14) that transmits fluorescence in a specific wavelength band from among fluorescence produced by the observed object in response to the excitation light radiated from the excitation-light radiating unit (2); a light detector (15) that detects the fluorescence transmitted through the filter (14); and a computing unit (18) that calculates a fluorescence intensity ratio in the same wavelength band in response to the excitation light of the plurality of wavelengths, which is detected by the light detector (15).

Abstract: A radiation detection system for detecting the presence and location of a radiation source includes an optical fiber bundle having fibers of different lengths, a radiation sensitive material, a stimulating source and an optical detector. The stimulating source stimulates the radiation sensitive material and the radiation sensitive material releases a light output, while the light output provides a readout signal for each fiber corresponding in intensity to the radiation received from the radiation source. The optical detector receives the readout signal such that the variations in intensity of the readout signals along the length of the bundle determine the presence and general location of the radiation source.

Abstract: A spectral filter used in conjunction with a lutetium-based scintillation material in a radiation detector is in imaging systems. The spectral filter operates to block at least a portion, but preferably substantially all, of an undesired infrared afterglow which results from ytterbium impurities in the lutetium-based scintillation material.

Abstract: This disclosure generally relates to medical systems and methods. In one aspect of the invention, a method includes determining a fluorescent light intensity at one or more points on each of multiple recorded images, and producing an image based on the determined fluorescent light intensity at the one or more points.

Abstract: A method for providing information about a spatial gain distribution of a scintillator for a primary radiation is provided which does not require the irradiation of the scintillator with the primary radiation. The method comprises the step of irradiating the scintillator with a secondary radiation for generating an image of a spatial secondary gain distribution of the scintillator for said second radiation. The spatial secondary gain distribution image corresponds to an image of the spatial primary gain distribution for the primary radiation. In an embodiment of the invention, i.e. in an X-rayimaging device where the primary radiation is X-rayradiation, the invention provides for an accurate calibration of the X-raydetector without irradiating the X-raydetector with X-rayradiation. Rather, irradiation with UV radiation as the secondary radiation provides the desired spatial secondary gain distribution image which can be used for calibration.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting the presence of a NO forming material (e.g., a material that can form, or is, a nitrogen monoxide molecule) are disclosed based on detection of fluorescence exhibited by NO molecules in a first vibrationally excited state of a ground electronic state. Such excited NO molecules can be formed, for example, when small amounts of explosives are photodissociated. By inducing fluorescence of the material, a distinct signature of the explosive can be detected. Such techniques can be performed quickly and with a significant standoff distance, which can add to the invention's utility. In another aspection of the invention, methods and apparatus for generating electromagnetic radiation are disclosed. Such methods and apparatus can be used in conjunction with any detection method disclosed herein.

Abstract: A neutron source detector is provided for detecting and determining an energy spectrum of a neutron source and a direction to the neutron source. The neutron source detector includes a detection system configured to detect and record the location and energy of interaction between a detector and a recoil proton produced by a scattering of a neutron emitted by the neutron source. A processor is configured to determine the energy of each of a plurality of recoil protons produced by respective scatterings of a neutron based on the recorded locations and energies of interactions of the recoil protons and determine and order scatter locations of the scattered neutron based on the determined energies of the recoil protons. A direction of the scattered neutron is determined based on the order of the scatter locations.

Abstract: A gamma vector camera is described for detecting and determining the energy spectrum of a gamma ray source and the direction to the gamma ray source. The gamma vector camera includes a detection system that records a track of a recoil electron produced by a Compton-scattering of an incident gamma ray emitted by the gamma ray source. A processor is configured to determine the energy and the direction of the recoil electron based on the track of the recoil electron recorded by the detection system, and to determine the energy spectrum of the gamma ray source and the direction to the gamma ray source based on the determined energies and directions of a plurality of recoil electrons produced by the Compton-scatterings of a respective plurality of incident gamma rays.

Abstract: The present invention provide a qualitative or quantitative luminescence sensor, for example a bio sensor or chemical sensor, using sub-wavelength aperture or slit structures, i.e. using apertures or slit structures having a smallest dimension smaller than the wavelength of the excitation radiation in the medium that fills the aperture or slit structure. The invention furthermore provides a method for the detection of luminescence radiation generated by one or more luminophores present in aperture or slit structure in such a luminescence sensor.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical instrument for imaging fluorescence signals from an arrangement of a plurality of individual detection sites, for example the wells of a microtitre plate. In order to improve the light yield of the fluorescence excitation with excitation light as well as the light yield of the detection of the fluorescence signals, an objective array is provided which is arranged in the beam path between the field lens and the detection sites and comprises a field lens array with field lens array elements and a pupil lens array with pupil lens array elements. In order to improve the channel separation and suppress interfering light the objective array can comprise a diaphragm array with in each case two diaphragm openings per detection site.

Abstract: A gravel pack evaluation tool comprised of a low energy radiation source and multiple directionally-collimated radiation detectors to analyze small, azimuthal segments of a gravel pack. Methods of use are also provided. Collimators and radiation shielding used in conjunction with multiple detector arrays allow an azimuthal segmented view of a gravel pack, particularly at certain defined depths into a gravel pack. Radioactive tracers may be used in conjunction with these tools to produce enhanced images of gravel packs and formations.

Abstract: Our invention disclosures a biodosimeter and method of measurements a dose of radiation and/or biological-chemical substances absorbed by human or animal body, microbes, plants. The invention describes a multiparametric analysis system to evaluate biochemical and physical patterns related to a range of doses of radiation and/or biological-chemical substances following exposure of human body by radiation and/or biological-chemical substances. In our invention we also propose to use a method of plasmon enhancement by which intrinsic biomolecular targets within human body may increase their fluorescence QY close to unity, especially for the variety of biochemicals. The disclosed robust biodosimeter provides fast-response field applications to normal populations exposed to radiation and/or biological-chemical substances release, and to first-responders evaluating those normal populations.

Abstract: This invention describes an imaging system based on an array of semiconductor photosensitive elements with isolating structure between elements (pixels) of the array. The isolated pixels of the array may be photodiodes and they provide excellent imaging capabilities that are important for many applications. The isolated photosensitive pixels may be comprised also by photoconductors, avalanche photodiodes, photosensitive IC, or other similar solid-state devices. The fields of possible application include but are not limited to the detector modules for homeland security, medical imaging systems (CT, SPECT, and PET including), fundamental and applied research, etc.

Abstract: A system and method for recording in real-time the duration, strength, and position of multiple collimated beams of ionizing radiation as delivered during stereotactic radiosurgery for the purpose calibrating the radiological system and verifying the treatment plans for various lesions. The beams of ionizing radiation are made visible by means of a cone or paraboloid shaped scintillator the interior of which is viewed by a sensitive visible-light camera equipped with fish-eye style optics mounted in a darkened enclosure. As the beam enters and exits the scintillator cone, two bright spots are seen in the camera's field of view. The centroids of these spots create a hodoscope and describe the path of the beam through three dimensional space. A computer connected to the camera measures the location and intensity of these spots over time during radiosurgery, calculates each beam path, and archives the spot parameters and computed beam paths to memory.

Abstract: In a method and a device for determining the fluorescence of a sample, wherein the sample (40) is irradiated by light (25) of a wavelength which is suitable to excite fluorescent light (27, 28) in the sample and the fluorescent light (28) emitted by the sample is received in a receiver (24) and converted into a measurement signal, wherein reference light (32) in particular for compensating for ambient influences is additionally fed to the receiver (24) and likewise converted into a reference measurement signal, provision is made for the optical path of the excitation light (25) entering the sample (40) and fluorescent light (27, 28) leaving the sample (40) to be separated from the optical path (32) of the reference light having the same wavelength as the excitation light between light sources (21, 31) and receiver (24), by means of which a more precise evaluation of the fluorescent light emitted by a sample (40) can be achieved in addition to a simplified design complexity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic radioactivity analyzer of mixed liquid beta emitter which comprises: a sample preparation part (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) for extracting a liquid sample from liquid-phase radioactive nuclear wastes; a sample injection part (9 and 10), including a sample transportation part for transporting a bottled sample to a radioactivity detection part to perform measurement; the radioactivity detection part (11) including two photon multiplier tubes; an exterior gamma-ray source injection part (12) for compensating for measurement efficiency according to quenching effects; a signal processing part (13), including a pre-amplifier circuit (14), a high-voltage generator circuit (15), an analogue-to-digital converter circuit (21), and a digital signal processor (DSP) (24), for generating beta spectrums by the aid of a fast coincidence counter (20) and a multi-channel analyzer (22); a main control PC (25) and a graphic user interface (GUI) program (29) for remotely automatically me

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) representation of one or more light sources inside a sample, such as a mammal. Mammalian tissue is a turbid medium, meaning that photons are both absorbed and scattered as they propagate through tissue. In the case where scattering is large compared with absorption, such as red to near-infrared light passing through tissue, the transport of light within the sample is described by diffusion theory. Using imaging data and computer-implemented photon diffusion models, embodiments of the present invention produce a 3D representation of the light sources inside a sample, such as a 3D location, size, and brightness of such light sources.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods and devices for increasing the light output of a scintillator. Using the methods of the present disclosure, a very high intensity electric field is applied to a scintillator exposed to ionizing radiation and provides light outputs that far exceeds those previously obtained in the art. The light output gains are very high, on the order of 10 to 100 times those obtained with prior methods, and will make it possible to achieve sufficient brightness to enable the use of a cathode ray tube or a field emission display in new devices. In the field of x-ray imaging, a bright scintillator will have tremendous potential in many important applications, such as computed tomography (CT), SPECT, diagnostic digital radiology, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) representation of one or more light sources inside a sample, such as a mammal. Mammalian tissue is a turbid medium, meaning that photons are both absorbed and scattered as they propagate through tissue. In the case where scattering is large compared with absorption, such as red to near-infrared light passing through tissue, the transport of light within the sample is described by diffusion theory. Using imaging data and computer-implemented photon diffusion models, embodiments of the present invention produce a 3D representation of the light sources inside a sample, such as a 3D location, size, and brightness of such light sources.

Abstract: A scanning detection system is provided wherein emissions from locations in a flow cell are detected. In some embodiments, the system can comprise an excitation source, a photocleavage source, and modulating optics configured to cause an excitation beam generated by the excitation source to irradiate a first group of the fixed locations and to cause a photocleavage beam generated by the photocleavage source to irradiate a second group of the fixed locations, which is separate and apart from the first group of fixed locations. Methods of detecting sequencing reactions using such a system are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the distribution of fluorescent probes inside a sample, such as a mammal. Using a) fluorescent light emission data from one or more images, b) a surface representation of the mammal, and c) computer-implemented photon propagation models, the systems and methods produce a 3D representation of the fluorescent probe distribution in the mammal. The distribution may indicate—in 3D—the location, size, and/or brightness or concentration of one or more fluorescent probes in the mammal.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging a structure of interest comprises a plurality of imaging detectors mounted on a gantry. Each of the plurality of imaging detectors has a field of view (FOV), is independently movable with respect to each other, and is positioned to image a structure of interest within a patient. A data acquisition system receives image data detected within the FOV of each of the plurality of imaging detectors.