Abstract: It is an object to provide a device and a method for x-ray and/or gamma ray detection. a detector comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel in the plurality of pixels being switchable between a floating mode and a detection mode, wherein each pixel in the plurality of pixels is configured to detect incident x-ray and/or gamma ray radiation when in the detection mode; a control unit coupled to the detector, configured to: during a first temporal frame, configure a first subset of pixels in the plurality of pixels to the floating mode and a second subset of pixels in the plurality of pixels to the detection mode; and during a second temporal frame, configure a third subset of pixels in the plurality of pixels to the floating mode and a fourth subset of pixels in the plurality of pixels to the detection mode.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion panel includes multiple thin-film transistors (TFTs) formed on an substrate, photodiodes respectively connected to the TFTs, and a metal layer formed on a light incident side of the photodiodes. The metal layer is formed in a position to overlap a subset of the photodiodes in a plan view.

Abstract: A gantry tube for a medical imaging system. The gantry tube includes a first tube located within a second tube, wherein the first tube is oriented about a longitudinal axis of the system. The gantry tube also includes a plurality of wall elements that extend between the first and second tubes, wherein the walls and first and second tubes form a plurality of channels that extend in an axial direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis wherein each channel is configured to hold a detector of the system. A detector is inserted into or removed from an associated channel in an axial direction from either a first end or a second end of the gantry tube.

Abstract: An image reconstruction method includes: determining singles rates of radiation detectors in a frame of imaging data detected by the radiation detectors; determining an energy correction factor (Nwgt) for each radiation detector based on an energy spectrum distribution of gamma rays incident on the radiation detector during acquisition of the frame of imaging data; determining a singles live time correction factor for each radiation detector from the singles rate and the energy correction factor; determining a system coincidence live time correction factor from the system singles rate; for each line of response (LOR) connecting pairs of radiation detectors, determining a live time correction factor for the LOR from the determined singles live time correction factors of the pair of radiation detectors connected by the LOR and the determined system coincidence live time correction factor; and reconstructing the frame of imaging data using the determined LOR live time correction factors.

Abstract: An object is to provide intensity information and energy information while reducing processing load and power consumption. In a radiation detector, a radiation detection element, in which a plurality of pixels each configured to generate an electric charge corresponding to energy of X-rays penetrating a subject is two-dimensionally arranged, and a plurality of read circuits each configured to output an intensity signal of transmitted X-rays based on the electric charge generated by each of the plurality of pixels are stacked with each other, and some read circuits thinned out from a plurality of read circuits each generate a spectral signal related to a spectrum of a transmitted X-ray based on the electric charge and output the spectral signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a general PET device (1) with a gradually narrowed head, the device comprising a body (2), a head (3) and a top (4) closely arranged in sequence, wherein the body (2) is composed of a plurality of body module rings (21); the head (3) is composed of N head module rings (31), with N being a natural number and being at least two; the top (4) is composed of a plurality of top PET detection modules (41); each of the body module rings (21) is composed of several body PET detection modules (22) evenly distributed in a circumferential direction thereof, and all the body module rings (21) are closely arranged in an axial direction to form the body (2); in the N head module rings (31), the rings sequentially decreases in size, and are closely arranged in the axial direction in a sequence from the first head module ring (31) to the Nth head module ring (31); and the detection surfaces of the plurality of top PET detection modules (41) are located in the same plane, and all the detection surfaces face the he

Abstract: The medical image processing apparatus includes a first processor, a second processor that executes image processing on a medical image in response to an instruction from the first processor, and a battery that supplies power to the first processor and the second processor. The second processor executes the image processing with a selected processing method among a plurality of processing methods that are different in amount of power consumption.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a radiation detection element, a circuit element, and a housing accommodating the radiation detection element and the circuit element, in which a closed space is provided. The housing has an unblocked opening portion, the closed space is disposed inside the housing, the circuit element is disposed in the closed space, and the closed space is decompressed or filled with an inert gas or a dry gas.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an x-ray detector, comprising: a plastic housing including a conductive coating; a two-dimensional sensor array disposed in a within the plastic housing and configured to generate image data in response to incident x-rays; a front plate connected to the plastic housing, the front plate and the plastic housing forming an enclosure surrounding the two-dimensional sensor array; wherein the conductive coating and the front plate form at least part of an electromagnetic interference shield around the two-dimensional sensor array.

Abstract: A micro-structured device that can improve sensitivity and signal-to-noise for electronic sensor materials is embedded in electrically resistive materials. The technology includes a three-dimensional embedded electrode structure and fabrication methods for making the device for electronic sensing in bulk resistive materials. Embedded electrode structures address issues in conventional sensors by allowing independent control of sensitive material thickness, area, electric field intensity, and field direction.

Abstract: A digital radiographic detector includes a planar multilayer core having a two-dimensional array of photo-sensitive cells. An enclosure having only one open side and upper and lower halves is joined together using a three-sided bumper configured to provide impact absorption for sides of the enclosure. An end cap covers the only one open side of the enclosure.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes a detecting part, and a transmitting part. The detecting part is configured to output a signal. The signal corresponds to radiation incident on the detecting part. The transmitting part includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and an organic layer. The first conductive layer is electrically connected with the detecting part, and is configured to transmit the signal. The second conductive layer is separated from the first conductive layer. At least a portion of the organic layer is between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A detection device is provided and includes insulating substrate; detection element including first photodiode, thin film transistors including a first thin film transistor; non-detection element including second photodiode and first thin film transistor; reset control scan line; first reset signal line; and second reset signal line, wherein reset control scan line is coupled to two gates of first thin film transistor of detection element and two gates of first thin film transistor of non-detection element, first reset signal line is coupled to a source of first thin film transistor of detection element, and second reset signal line is coupled to a source of first thin film transistor of non-detection element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low temperature method of fabrication of short-wave infrared (SWIR) detector arrays (FPA) including a readout wafer and absorption layer connected for improved performances. The absorber layer includes a SWIR conversion layer with a GeSn or SiGeSn alloy. A first series of process steps realizes a CMOS processed readout wafer. A buffer layer is transferred on the readout wafer and annealed at temperatures compatible with the CMOS substrate, achieving a high quality crystalline buffer layer. The method assures a temperature profile between the light entrance surface of the buffer layer, and the readout electronics so the annealing temperature remains compatible with the CMOS. The buffer layer is used for further growth of a GeSn or SiGeSn structure to create the conversion layer and achieve the final structure of the SWIR FPA. Also disclosed is a SWIR FPA detector as realized by such method, and SWIR FPA applications.

Abstract: A system and method for detection of x-rays is provided. An x-ray detector system may include an energy-integrating x-ray detector having an array of x-ray sensing elements that are configured to sense x-rays emitted from an x-ray source and generate energy-integrating x-ray data. The system may also include a photon-counting detector having another array of x-ray sensing elements configured to determine an interaction between individual x-ray photons with individual sensing elements of the another array of x-ray sensing elements to generate photon-counting x-ray data. The system may further include electronics configured to receive the energy-integrating x-ray data and the photon-counting x-ray data simultaneously.

Abstract: A self-shielded and computer controlled system for performing non-invasive stereotactic radiosurgery and precision radiotherapy using a linear accelerator mounted within a two degree-of-freedom radiation shield coupled to a three-degree of freedom patient table is provided. The radiation shield can include an axial shield rotatable about an axial axis and an oblique shield independently rotatable about an oblique axis, thereby providing improved range of trajectories of the therapeutic and diagnostic radiation beams. Such shields can be balanced about their respective axes of rotation and about a common support structure to facilitate ease of movement. Such systems can further include an imaging system to accurately deliver radiation to the treatment target and automatically make corrections needed to maintain the anatomical target at the system isocenter.

Abstract: A radiographic apparatus includes a plurality of pixel groups, bias sources, and a sensing unit, wherein each pixel group includes a pixel including a conversion element for converting radiation into a charge. Each bias source supplies a bias potential to the conversion element of a pixel via a bias line. The sensing unit samples a first signal value indicating a current flowing through a first bias line connected to a first pixel group including a pixel of which a switch element is turned on and a second signal value indicating a current flowing through a second bias line connected to a second pixel group where the switch element is off at timings overlapping at least in part and determines presence or absence of radiation irradiation based on the first signal value and the second signal value. The first and second bias lines have substantially same time constants.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a photoelectric conversion film that performs photoelectric conversion on light having entered therein; at least two electrodes, including a first electrode and a second electrode, disposed at a surface of the photoelectric conversion film; and at least two electrodes, including a third electrode and a fourth electrode, disposed at another surface of the photoelectric conversion film.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate for a digital X-ray detector device includes a base substrate; a driving thin film transistor disposed over the base substrate; a PIN (P type semiconductor-Intrinsic type semiconductor-N type semiconductor) diode configured to be connected to the driving thin film transistor, the PIN diode including a lower electrode, a PIN layer, and an upper electrode; and at least one leakage current blocking layer configured to cover a side surface of the PIN layer and contact the PIN layer to thereby minimize generation of the leakage current of the PIN diode and improve characteristics such as detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) and improving an image quality of the digital X-ray detector device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combined detector (660) comprising a gamma radiation detector (100) and an X-ray radiation detector (661). The gamma radiation detector (100) comprises a gamma scintillator array (101x, y), an optical modulator (102) and a first photodetector array (103a, b) for detecting the first scintillation light generated by the gamma scintillator array (101x, y). The optical modulator (102) is disposed between the gamma scintillator array (101x, y) and the first photodetector array (103a, b) for modulating a transmission of the first scintillation light between the gamma scintillator array (101x, y) and the first photodetector array (103a, b). The optical modulator (102) comprises at least one optical modulator pixel having a cross sectional area (102?) in a plane that is perpendicular to the gamma radiation receiving direction (104). The cross sectional area of each optical modulator pixel (102?) is greater than or equal to the cross sectional area of each photodetector pixel (103?a, b).

Abstract: A sensor unit (14) for a radiation detector (12), the sensor unit (14) comprising a conversion element (22) comprising a plurality of imaging pixels (30), wherein each imaging pixel (30) is configured to directly convert radiation into an electrical charge and wherein each imaging pixel (30) comprises a charge collection electrode (28); and a readout substrate (24) comprising a plurality of readout pixels (32), wherein each readout pixel (32) is connected to an associated imaging pixel (30) by means of an interconnection (36) at a connection position on the charge collection electrode (28); wherein each readout pixel (32) has a smaller area than an associated imaging pixel (30) of the plurality of imaging pixels (30); and wherein the connection positions in relation to the charge collection electrodes (28) are varied with respect to a neighboring charge collection electrode (28). A radiation detector (12) and a method of manufacturing a sensor unit (14) are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a field shaping multi-well photomultiplier and method for fabrication thereof. The photomultiplier includes a field-shaping multi-well avalanche detector, including a lower insulator, an a-Se photoconductive layer and an upper insulator. The a-Se photoconductive layer is positioned between the lower insulator and the upper insulator. A light interaction region, an avalanche region, and a collection region are provided along a length of the photomultiplier, and the light interaction region and the collection region are positioned on opposite sides of the avalanche region.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprising a first scintillator, a second scintillator which receives radiation transmitted through the first scintillator, conversion elements and a controller is provided. The conversion elements include first conversion elements and second conversion elements with different sensitivities for detecting light emitted from at least one of the first scintillator or the second scintillator. During radiation irradiation, the controller obtains, from a signal output from one or more measuring element configured to measure a dose of incident radiation, a first signal corresponding to light converted from radiation by the second scintillator, and outputs, based on the first signal, a stop signal configured to stop the radiation irradiation, and after the radiation irradiation, the controller causes the first conversion elements and the second conversion elements to output signals configured to generate an energy subtraction image.

Abstract: An X-ray detector includes a converter element for converting X-rays into electric signals; and a plurality of pixel elements. In an embodiment, each pixel element includes a first signal processing stage for processing respective electric signals with at least one signal amplifier and at least one comparator for providing a digital pixel signal. The signal outputs of the first signal processing stage of at least one group of pixel elements are coupled via signal technology to a common second signal processing stage including a multiplicity of digital logic elements. The common second signal processing stage includes a configurable switching matrix for interconnecting at least one partial number of the multiplicity of digital logic elements with the respective signal outputs of the first signal processing stage, so that, following a configuration of the switching matrix, a processing chain can be provided for the digital processing of the digital pixel signals.

Abstract: For gamma ray detection, 3D tiling is made possible by modules that include a gamma ray detector with at least some electronics extending away from the detector as a side wall, leaving an air or low attenuation gap behind the gamma ray detector. The modules may be stacked to form arrays of any shape in 3D, including stacking to form a Compton detector with a scatter detector separated from the catcher detector by the low attenuation gap where the electronics form at least one side wall between the detectors. The modules may be stacked so that the detectors from the different modules are in different planes and/or not part of a same surface (e.g., same surface provided with just 1D or 2D tiling).

Abstract: A digital radiographic detector system includes a number of DR detectors enclosed by a housing. A base section with wheels has attached thereto a vertical column with a height adjustable horizontal arm extending therefrom. The housing with DR detectors therein is attached to a distal end of the horizontal arm. The housing comprises a major surface made from a radiolucent material to allow the detectors to capture radiographic images via x-rays transmitted through the major surface of the housing. The housing is configured to support the plurality of DR detectors therewithin.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided that includes a gantry, at least five detector units mounted to the gantry, a corresponding collimator for each of the detector units, at least one processing unit, and a controller. Each collimator has septa defining plural bores for each pixel of at least some of a plurality of pixels of the detector unit. A corresponding interior septum of the collimator is disposed above an internal portion of a corresponding pixel of the at least some of the plurality of pixels. The at least one processing unit is configured to obtain object information corresponding to the object to be imaged. The controller is configured to control an independent rotational movement of each the detector units used to acquire scanning information by detecting emissions from the object, wherein the controller rotates each of the detector units at a corresponding sweep rate.

Abstract: There is provided a radiographic imaging apparatus capable of alignment of a detector with a collimator with a position of a radiation source fixed. The radiographic imaging apparatus includes the radiation source which irradiates a subject with radioactive rays, a plurality of detecting elements which detect photons in the radioactive rays, and a collimator which is disposed between the radiation source and the detecting elements and has a plurality of walls which form a plurality of passing holes that the radioactive rays pass. The detecting element and the collimator are aligned with each other in a direction which is orthogonal to a direction that the subject is irradiated with the radioactive rays such that a ratio or a difference between output signals from the detecting elements which are mutually adjacent with the wall being interposed falls within a predetermined range.

Abstract: Provided is an operation method of an image sensor including a plurality of pixels, the operation method including transmitting a first output voltage of a first pixel to a first amplifier, transmitting the first output voltage to a second amplifier by controlling a first switch connected to the first pixel, transmitting a second output voltage of a second pixel to be binned with the first pixel to the second amplifier by controlling a second switch connected to the second pixel, and outputting selectively one of a first output of the first amplifier and a second output of the second amplifier based on an illuminance of an environment in which the image sensor operates.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting incident radiation, such as incident X-rays, gamma-rays, and/or alpha particle radiation are provided. The methods and devices use high purity, high quality single-crystals of inorganic semiconductor compounds, including solid solutions, having the formula AB2X5, where A represents Tl or In, B represents Sn or Pb, and X represents Br or I, as photoelectric materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to water soluble 18F-prosthetic groups and the synthesis and use of 18F-labeled biological molecules containing the 18F-prosthetic groups for imaging various processes within the body, for detecting the location of molecules associated with disease pathology, and for monitoring disease progression are disclosed.

Abstract: A hybrid radiation imaging sensor includes a low x-ray attenuating substrate, a photoconductor disposed over the substrate, and a scintillator disposed over the photoconductor. By combining direct x-ray conversion to electron-hole pairs in the photo-conductor with indirect conversion of x-rays downstream of the photoconductor within the scintillator, improved x-ray imaging can be attained through an electronic readout located upstream of both the photoconductor and the scintillator without the need for excessive x-ray dosing.

Abstract: In described examples, a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) generates an integrated signal in response to a current signal. A high pass filter is coupled to the CSA and receives the integrated signal and an inverse of an event signal, the high pass filter generates a coarse signal. An active comparator is coupled to the high pass filter and receives the coarse signal and a primary reference voltage signal, the active comparator generates the event signal.

Abstract: An imager includes: an array of imager elements configured to generate image signals based on radiation received by the imager; and circuit configured to perform readout of image signals, wherein the circuit is configured to be radiation hard. An imager includes: an array of imager elements configured to generate image signals based on the radiation received by the imager; and readout and control circuit coupled to the array of imager elements, wherein the readout and control circuit is configured to perform signal readout in synchronization with an operation of a treatment beam source.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing a detector array are disclosed. According to certain embodiments, a substrate comprises a plurality of sensing elements including a first element and a second element. The detector comprises a switching element configured to connect the first element and the second element. The switching region may be controlled based on signals generated in response to the sensing elements receiving electrons with a predetermined amount of energy.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a pixel array, a bias line, a plurality of drive lines, and a driving unit configured to cyclically supply an ON voltage to the drive lines. The radiation imaging apparatus also includes an acquiring unit configured to acquire a plurality of signal values by acquiring a signal value representing a current flowing through the bias line at each of a plurality of times within a period in which the ON voltage is continuously supplied to at least one of the plurality of drive lines, and a processing unit configured to specify an outlier in the plurality of signal values and determine whether or not there is a radiation irradiation with respect to the pixel array based on a signal value among the plurality of signal values that is not an outlier, and without being based on the outlier.

Abstract: A radiological imaging apparatus includes a first panel where a plurality of radiation detecting elements are arrayed on a first substrate, a second panel where a plurality of radiation detecting elements are arrayed on a second substrate, and a sheet-shaped adhesion part configured to adhere a second-panel side face of the first panel and a first-panel side face of the second panel to each other, so that the first panel and the second panel are overlaid on each other in planar view as to an upper face of the first substrate. The adhesion part is configured to maintain adhesion of the first panel and the second panel, while tolerating change in relative positions thereof in a planar direction parallel to the upper face of the first substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detector including a radiation detecting unit, a gate module controlling a gate line, a readout module reading out charges stored in an exposure detection pixel determined by a data line and the gate line, and an auto exposure detecting unit determining whether the radiation detecting unit is exposed to a radiation.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for an imaging detector array. In one example, a detector module of the array has a central slit separating a first tile from a second tile of the detector module. An integrated circuit is located along a first side of the first tile and along a first side of the second tile and flex cable coupled to the integrated circuit of the first portion extends through the central slit of the detector module.

Abstract: A digital radiographic image sensor includes a flexible first substrate with an image sensor array. A scintillator is formed over the array, and bonding pads in a peripheral region outside the array are connected to the array. A second substrate is attached to a bottom of the first substrate and includes a scribed or perforated break line to enable removal of a peripheral region of the second substrate.

Abstract: A boron neutron capture therapy system includes a neutron capture therapy device, a photon emission detection device and a treatment bed. The photon emission detection device includes a detecting portion surrounding the periphery of the treatment bed and detecting gamma rays generated after irradiating a boron-containing drug with neutrons; the detecting portion includes a first detecting portion and a second detecting portion moving away from or close to the first detecting portion so that the detecting portion forms a ring with the radius being increased or decreased; and the ring surrounds the treatment bed. The photon emission detection device for use in the boron neutron capture therapy system can change the radius of the ring, surrounding an irradiated object, of the detecting portion according to the actual condition in the boron neutron capture therapy so as to improve the detection precision of the photon emission detection device.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a pixel driving circuit, a driving method for the pixel driving circuit, a display panel and a display apparatus. The pixel driving circuit for driving a light emitting device includes: a threshold compensation subcircuit, a driving subcircuit and an optical signal detection subcircuit; the threshold compensation subcircuit is coupled to a control electrode of a driving transistor, and a first electrode of the driving transistor is coupled to the light emitting device; the optical signal detection subcircuit is coupled to the threshold compensation subcircuit; and the optical signal detection subcircuit is configured to detect an optical signal which is incident on a region where the optical signal detection subcircuit is located.

Abstract: A radiation detector having a plurality of pixels is provided. A respective one of the plurality of pixels includes a thin film transistor on a base substrate; an inter-layer dielectric layer on a side of the thin film transistor away from the base substrate; a sensing electrode and a bias electrode on a side of the inter-layer dielectric layer away from the base substrate, wherein the sensing electrode extends through the inter-layer dielectric layer to electrically connect to the thin film transistor; a passivation layer on a side of the sensing electrode and the bias electrode away from the inter-layer dielectric layer, wherein the passivation layer includes a first portion and a second portion; and a radiation detection layer on a side of the passivation layer away from the base substrate. The first portion and the second portion form a substantially flat contacting surface.

Abstract: Monolithic pixel detectors, systems and methods for the detection and imaging of electromagnetic radiation with high spectral and spatial resolution comprise a Si wafer with a CMOS processed pixel readout bonded to an absorber wafer in wafer bonds comprising conducting bonds between doped, highly conducting charge collectors in the readout and highly conducting regions in the absorber wafer and poorly conducting bonds between regions of high resistivity.

Abstract: A coded mask apparatus is provided for gamma rays. The apparatus uses nested masks, at least one of which rotates relative to the other.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes an internal unit having a radiation detector arranged to convert a radiation that is passed through a subject into electric signals. A base plate is arranged to support the radiation detector. A case having a rectangular parallelepiped shape is arranged to accommodate the internal unit. A fitting member is interposed between an inner wall of the case and an end portion of the internal unit, and fitted to the inner wall of the case and the end portion of the internal unit in a planar view as seen from an incident direction of the radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a thin-film transistor array substrate for a high-resolution digital X-ray detector and a high-resolution digital X-ray detector including the same, in which a photo-sensitivity is improved by increasing a fill factor, a stability of the PIN diode is improved, and generation of parasitic capacitance is reduced or minimized. In one embodiment, the PIN diode maximally extends so that electrodes and contact holes of the thin-film transistor is disposed inside the PIN diode. A planarization layer of organic material is present between the electrodes or wirings. Further, a light receiving region of the PIN diode is increased or maximized by positioning the bias line to overlap the data line or the gate line so as not to overlap with the PIN diode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improvement of spatial resolution in molecular and radiological imaging is presented. System equipment includes bed with either flat or cylindrical detectors large detector arrays with collimator(s), lens(s), mirror(s) and/or shutter(s). This system utilizes magnification principles with large detector arrays. There is error reduction by reduction of non-collinearity error as seen in current PET scans by determination of the trajectory of the photons and accurate localization of the annihilation event of a positron. Additional error reduction of random coincidence and scatter coincidence is seen. Overall, this method and apparatus affords improved spatial resolution and higher efficiencies, which would allow for lower cost and dose reduction to the patient.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for an imaging detector array. In one example, a detector module of the array has an X-ray sensor assembly coupled to an upper surface of a conductive block and at least one integrated circuit positioned in a recess of the conductive block below the X-ray sensor assembly. The detector module may further include a radiation blocker positioned between the X-ray sensor assembly and the at least one integrated circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing radiation is provided. Certain examples provide an apparatus including: a first layer including a sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to be responsive to changes in an electric field in the vicinity of the sensor; a second layer including a substrate configured to produce charge carriers in response to incident radiation; and a third layer including a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to be selectively addressed during a readout operation of the sensor. Certain examples, relate to an apparatus for sensing X-rays or sensing neutrons including a graphene field effect transistor.