Abstract: Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.

Abstract: Provided is a holding device for vacuum-attracting and holding a substrate, the device comprising: an attracting unit configured to have attraction mechanisms; and a control unit configured to control the attracting unit, wherein the control unit is configured: to acquire a sequence for attracting the substrate and reference data for determining whether the substrate has been successfully attracted, from time-dependent variation in pressure in an attraction mechanism in a case where the substrate is held by the attraction mechanisms; to control the attracting unit to hold a first substrate based on the sequence and to acquire measurement data that indicates time-dependent variation in pressure in the attraction mechanism in a case where the first substrate is held; and to compare the reference data and the measurement data, and to control the attracting unit to hold a second substrate based on the sequence if a comparison result satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A solution for disinfecting electronic devices is provided. An ultraviolet radiation source is embedded within an ultraviolet absorbent case. While the electronic device is within the ultraviolet absorbent case, ultraviolent radiation is directed at the electronic device. A monitoring and control system monitors a plurality of attributes for the electronic device, which can include: a frequency of usage for the device, a biological activity at a surface of the device, and a disinfection schedule history for the device. Furthermore, the monitoring and control system can detect whether the device is being used. Based on the monitoring, the monitoring and control system controls the ultraviolet radiation directed at the electronic device.

Abstract: A spacer displacement device for a wafer illumination unit comprises an actuator, a spacer which can be displaced between an active and an inactive position by the actuator, and a force transmission element which is coupled to the actuator. The force transmission element consists of wire.

Abstract: A method for X-raying products of a product stream in which products are conveyed in a conveyance direction before the X-raying in a number n lanes parallel to each other. Several adjacent products transverse to the conveyance direction are transferred as a group together into a radiation-protected X-ray room, and the products are rearranged for an X-ray process in the X-ray room such that the shadowing effects during the X-ray process are reduced.

Abstract: A wafer holding apparatus for holding a wafer including a wafer holder on which the wafer is placed; and a lift pin that is configured to be lifted up and down with respect to the wafer holder in a direction along a normal line of a placement surface of the wafer, the lift pin includes a tip part, the tip part includes: a bottom part that forms a suction region for sucking a rear surface of the wafer; and a convex part that supports the rear surface of the wafer in the suction region. When a substrate is placed on a target position, it is possible to prevent a local deterioration of flatness of the substrate even if the substrate is large.

Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.

Abstract: Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the equipment is protected from radiation and hazardous gases by equipment enclosures. The equipment enclosures may be purged with gas.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, ultraviolet (UV) devices, and methods for UV disinfection and sterilization, more specifically, systems, UV devices, and methods for UV disinfection and sterilization of a container, room, space or defined environment. The systems, UV devices, and methods are particularly useful for the UV disinfection and sterilization of a container used in the food and dairy industry and for containers used in the process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. Provided are also systems, UV devices, and methods for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a container, room, space or defined environment, preferably for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container, room, space or defined environment.

Abstract: Systems, chambers, and processes are provided for controlling process defects caused by moisture contamination. The systems may provide configurations for chambers to perform multiple operations in a vacuum or controlled environment. The chambers may include configurations to provide additional processing capabilities in combination chamber designs. The methods may provide for the limiting, prevention, and correction of aging defects that may be caused as a result of etching processes performed by system tools.

Abstract: A method for introducing impurity into a semiconductor substrate includes bringing a solution containing a compound of an impurity element into contact with a primary surface of a semiconductor substrate; and irradiating the primary surface of the semiconductor substrate with a laser beam through the solution to raise a temperature of the primary surface of the semiconductor substrate at a position irradiated by the laser beam so as to dope the impurity element into the semiconductor substrate. The laser beam irradiation is performed such that the raised temperature does not return to room temperature until a prescribed dose of the impurity element is caused to be doped into the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A sterilization apparatus having UV light capable of assembling to a container is provided. The sterilization apparatus having UV light includes a body, a light-emitting component and a heat dissipating component. The body is detachably assembled to an opening of the container to contact a fluid in the container. The light-emitting component is disposed on the body and emits UV light to irradiate the fluid in the container. The heat dissipating component is disposed in the body and is thermally coupled to the light-emitting component. The body exposes part of the heat dissipating component, such that the heat dissipating component contacts the fluid in the container.

Abstract: A circular sterilization path (CD) is divided into a front sterilization path (Pd) having a preform sterilization section formed and a rear sterilization path (Bd) having a molded-container sterilization section formed. A single electron beam sterilization device simultaneously sterilizes a preform (P) and a molded container (B), achieving effective sterilization and a size reduction of equipment.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a sterilization apparatus, adapted to sterilize a liquid to be sterilized, comprises a first sterilization light source, a first container and a sterilization container. The first sterilization light source includes a carrier, a plurality of LED packages and a plurality of collimating units, wherein the plurality of LED packages are disposed on and electrically connected to the plurality of carriers, and each of the plurality of collimating units separately is disposed on a corresponding LED package. The first container accommodates the first sterilization light source, and defines a first light-mixing space. The sterilization container includes an accommodating space for accommodating the liquid, wherein the first container is assembled together with the sterilization container, and the first light-mixing space is disposed between the first sterilization light source and the accommodating space.

Abstract: Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.

Abstract: An air purifier including an air sterilizing unit, an air blowing unit arranged such that air flows in the air sterilizing unit; the air sterilizing unit comprising housing and an ultraviolet light emitting device which emits deep ultraviolet ray having wavelength of 200 to 350 nm; the housing comprising a sterilizing room; the sterilizing room comprising an air intake opening and an air outlet opening; and the ultraviolet light emitting device being arranged in the housing such that the deep ultraviolet ray is emitted toward inside of the sterilizing room, wherein (A) at least a part of an inner wall surface of the sterilizing room comprises an ultraviolet reflective material which may be covered with an ultraviolet ray transmitting material, and/or (B) one or more reflector plate is arranged in the sterilizing room.

Abstract: The UV light irradiation device includes a chamber having a space for accommodating therein an irradiation target, and a plurality of light-emitting diodes provided at an inner surface of the chamber. A controller is configured to control lighting of the plurality of light-emitting diodes. The light-emitting diodes include a plurality of first light-emitting diodes, each having a peak wavelength in a range of 280 nm to 310 nm, and a plurality of second light-emitting diodes, each having a peak wavelength in a range of 310 nm to 405 nm. The controller includes a lighting control section that is configured to light up the first light-emitting diode before lighting up the second light-emitting diode.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, ultraviolet (UV) devices, and methods for UV disinfection and sterilization, more specifically, systems, devices, and methods for UV disinfection and sterilization of a container, room, space or defined environment. The systems, UV devices, and methods are particularly useful for the UV disinfection and sterilization of a container used in the food and dairy industry and for containers used in the process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. Provided are also systems, UV devices, and methods for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a container, room, space or defined environment preferably for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container, room, space or defined environment.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a substrate holding apparatus is provided. The substrate holding apparatus includes a first holding part, a second holding part and a controller. The first holding part adsorbs and holds a first region including a central portion of a substrate. The second holding part adsorbs and holds a second region located outside the first region of the substrate. The second holding part adsorbs and holds the second region of the substrate after the first holding part adsorbs and holds the first region of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of attaching a wafer by suction, includes a step of mounting a wafer on a right arm and a left arm of a transfer jig, moving the transfer jig toward a wafer suction stage in such a manner that a facing right arm surface of the right arm slides along and in contact with a first side surface of the wafer suction stage and a facing left arm surface of the left arm slides along and in contact with a second side surface of the wafer suction stage until the wafer comes to lie directly above a mounting surface of the wafer suction stage, mounting the wafer on the mounting surface by moving the transfer jig downward toward the wafer suction stage while maintaining the contacts, and attaching the wafer to the mounting surface by suction.

Abstract: A charged particle beam drawing apparatus includes: a stage configured to support a specimen as a drawing target; and an airtight drawing chamber formed into a box shape provided with a side wall and a bottom plate, and configured to house the stage. The bottom plate includes: multiple support portions connected to the side wall and configured to support the stage; and a curved portion connected to the support portions and having a convex shape curved outward.

Abstract: A charged particle beam drawing apparatus includes: a stage configured to support a specimen as a drawing target; and an airtight drawing chamber formed into a box shape provided with a side wall and a bottom plate, and configured to house the stage. The bottom plate includes: multiple support portions connected to the side wall and configured to support the stage; and a curved portion connected to the support portions and having a convex shape curved outward.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sample holding carrier that can accurately measure a sample with a simple configuration, and a fluorescence detection system and device that use the same. Biosensor substrate includes: base substrate on which excitation light is incident from a lower surface; reflecting film that is arranged on an upper surface of base substrate to partially reflect the excitation light; and plural wells that are arranged on an upper surface side of reflecting film and have bottom surface portions. The excitation light is converged to be incident on base substrate. Distance from reflecting surface that is of a boundary between reflecting film and base substrate to bottom surface portion of well is less than or equal to a focal depth of the excitation light. Therefore, the sample accommodated in bottom surface portion of well can surely and efficiently be irradiated with the excitation light, and accurately be measured.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, devices, and methods for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and sterilization, more specifically, systems, devices, and methods for UV disinfection and sterilization of a container, and more particularly systems, devices, and methods for UV disinfection and sterilization of a container used in the process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. Provided are also systems, UV devices, and methods for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a container, preferably for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container.

Abstract: The invention relates to arrays with a plurality of capillaries being arranged in a plane and mechanically attached to the array, wherein the distance of adjacent capillaries is approximately 2.25 mm or an integer multiple thereof. At least one free end of each capillary projects from the array in such a way that the free ends of the capillaries may be simultaneously inserted into wells of a microwell plate.

Abstract: A method of preparing ultra-thin TEM specimens is provided by flipping the sample upside down for FIB thinning Such preparation method is compatible with the ex-situ lift-out system and offers high quality TEM specimens without the curtaining effect.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus, system, and method for scanning a substrate or other workpiece through a gas-cluster ion beam (GCIB), or any other type of ion beam. The workpiece scanning apparatus is configured to receive and hold a substrate for irradiation by the GCIB and to scan it through the GCIB in two directions using two movements: a reciprocating fast-scan movement, and a slow-scan movement. The slow-scan movement is actuated using a servo motor and a belt drive system, the belt drive system being configured to reduce the failure rate of the workpiece scanning apparatus.

Abstract: A laser processing device including: a laser oscillator; a processing table; a transmission optical system for transmitting laser light emitted from the laser oscillator to the processing table; a processing head for condensing and radiating the laser light transmitted via the transmission optical system to an object to be processed; a moving mechanism for changing a relative position between the object to be processed and the laser light to be radiated to the object to be processed; and a variable curvature spherical mirror. The transmission optical system includes a reflective beam expander mechanism for collimating and magnifying the laser light from the laser oscillator. The reflective beam expander mechanism includes a spherical mirror and a concave mirror having different curvatures in two orthogonal axes.

Abstract: A novel specimen holder for specimen support devices for insertion in electron microscopes. The novel specimen holder of the invention provides mechanical support for specimen support devices and as well as electrical contacts to the specimens or specimen support devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drawing apparatus which performs drawing on a substrate with a charged particle beam, the apparatus comprising a deflector configured to scan the charged particle beam on the substrate, a stage configured to hold the substrate and be movable, and a controller configured to control main-scan by the deflector and sub-scan by movement of the stage, wherein the controller is configured to control a width of the main-scan based on a width of a target drawing region on the substrate in a direction of the main-scan.

Abstract: A sample plate in use with a MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometer. The sample plate is usable for the mass spectrometry of a polymeric material on the order of several hundreds of Da and a method of manufacturing the same sample plate. The sample plate including a target plate, an organic matrix formed on one surface of the target plate, and a Parylene thin film formed on the target plate on which the organic matrix is formed, the Parylene thin film entirely covering the organic matrix.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an enclosure including one or more ultraviolet lights configured to kill germs, the enclosure including a drawer for placing items into and removing items from the enclosure, wherein the enclosure is configured for insertion into an existing cabinet. The apparatus can include an adjustable width bracket, wherein the adjustable width bracket allows the enclosure to be secured against side surfaces within the existing cabinet. The apparatus can also include an adjustable depth bracket, wherein the adjustable depth bracket allows the enclosure to be secured against a back surface within the existing cabinet. The apparatus can also include a bottom bracket, wherein the bottom bracket allows the enclosure to be secured against a bottom surface of the existing surface. In one example, the enclosure is connected to an air filtration system.

Abstract: The invention encompasses analyzers and analyzer systems that include a single molecule analyzer, methods of using the analyzer and analyzer systems to analyze samples, either for single molecules or for molecular complexes. The single molecule uses electromagnetic radiation that is translated through the sample to detect the presence or absence of a single molecule. The single molecule analyzer provided herein is useful for diagnostics because the analyzer detects single molecules with zero carryover between samples.

Abstract: Methods for spin coating plates for in vitro determination of sunscreen protection factors (SPF) are disclosed.

Abstract: An electron beam irradiation device which can irradiate an electron beam uniformly to an entire outer surface of an object of irradiation by using a small-sized low-energy electron accelerator with a narrow irradiation window is provided. The device has electron beam irradiation means forming an electron beam irradiation zone and gripping/moving means gripping a part of an object of irradiation and causing the object of irradiation to pass through the electron beam irradiation zone, and the whole surface of the object of irradiation can uniformly pass through the electron beam irradiation zone by combining re-gripping of the object of irradiation by two gripping mechanisms provided on the gripping/moving means, rotation of the object of irradiation by two rotation mechanisms, and movement of the object of irradiation by two moving mechanisms.

Abstract: A transmission X-ray analyzer (1) for detecting a transmission X-ray image of a sample (100) that is continuous in a band shape includes: a TDI sensor (14); an X-ray source (12) arranged opposed to a TDI sensor; a pair of support rollers (31, 32) arranged away from the TDI sensor between the TDI sensor and the X-ray source, the pair of support rollers being configured to transport the sample to a detection position of the TDI sensor while keeping a constant interval between the TDI sensor and the sample; and a pair of outside rollers (51, 52) arranged respectively on an outer side of the pair of support rollers in a transportation direction (L). One of the pair of support rollers and one of the pair of outside rollers are arranged at different positions as to apply a tension to the sample between the pair of support rollers.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for preparation of complex specimen arrays for analysis by electron microscopy. These methods and compositions can permit high throughput screening of samples on single EM grid supports using sample volumes in the nanoliter and picoliter range.

Abstract: The present invention the present invention relates to methods and systems for performing security screening using trays which may be identifiable by a unique tray identification number.

Abstract: An object, such as a tumor from a breast lumpectomy, is placed into an object positioning device that can hold the object without deforming it. Such a device can include a container with a deformable foam, gel, or other material. The object positioning device is moved into an imaging device. Images of the object within the object positioning device are acquired by the imaging device. The acquired images are stored, processed, or output on a display device. Information about the spatial orientation of the object with respect to a reference object is preserved.

Abstract: Sterilization of medical devices can be performed by stacking packages containing the medical devices. The packages are arranged in a partially-overlapping orientation which is at an oblique angle to the direction of irradiation. The partially-overlapping orientation and oblique angle are predetermined for high sterilization throughput and tight control of irradiation. Instead arranging the packages directly on a sterilization platform at a sterilization facility, the packages can be stacked in the partially-overlapping orientation into a transport box at a location remote from the sterilization facility. The transport box maintains the orientation of the packages. Thereafter, the transport container is placed on the sterilization platform, which results in greater uniformity in radiation exposure while maintaining a high level of sterilization throughput.

Abstract: To avoid a glow discharge during the use of a conventional gas ionization chamber, there is no alternative but to increase a gas pressure. Therefore, while a conventional gas ionization chamber is used, an ion current cannot be increased by raising a gas introduction pressure. An object of the present invention is to increase the ion current by raising the gas pressure and prevent an ion beam from being scattered by an ionization gas. The gas is supplied from a structure maintained at a ground potential to prevent the application of a high voltage to the vicinity of an ionization gas introduction port at which the gas pressure is relatively high. Further, the ionization gas existing in a region through which the ion beam passes is preferentially reduced by performing differential evacuation from a lens opening in a lens electrode that forms an acceleration/focusing lens.

Abstract: An ion implantation system having a grid assembly. The system includes a plasma source configured to provide plasma in a plasma region; a first grid plate having a plurality of apertures configured to allow ions from the plasma region to pass therethrough, wherein the first grid plate is configured to be biased by a power supply; a second grid plate having a plurality of apertures configured to allow the ions to pass therethrough subsequent to the ions passing through the first grid plate, wherein the second grid plate is configured to be biased by a power supply; and a substrate holder configured to support a substrate in a position where the substrate is implanted with the ions subsequent to the ions passing through the second grid plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for sterilizing containers, comprises a transport device which transports the containers along a predefined transport path and at least one sterilization device which bombards the containers with charge carriers for sterilization during a transport of the containers along the transport path. The at least one sterilization device comprises a generating device for generating charge carriers. The apparatus further comprises a screening device for screening radiation. The screening device surrounds the transport path of the containers at least in portions. The screening device comprises: a first wall adjacent the transport path of the containers; and a second wall below the transport path of the containers, wherein the second wall is movable relative to the transport path of the containers.

Abstract: A method of operating an apparatus for the sterilization of plastics material containers is provided, wherein charge carriers are generated in a working operation and are conveyed through a guide chamber and emerge from this guide chamber by way of an outlet window bounding this guide chamber and wherein the outlet window is introduced into the plastics material containers at least in part through an aperture of the aforesaid plastics material containers during the sterilization of the plastics material containers. The outlet window is acted upon with a flowable cleaning medium in a cleaning operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: A target object for aligning a multi-modality imaging system includes a body having a cavity therein, a first imaging source being disposed within the cavity, the first imaging source including a body having a cavity defined therein and an emission responsive material disposed within the first imaging source cavity, the first imaging source having a first shape, and a second imaging source being disposed within the cavity, the second imaging source including a body having a cavity defined therein and a magnetic resonance responsive material disposed within the second imaging source cavity, the second imaging source having a second shape that is different than the first shape. A method of aligning a multi-modality imaging system is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sample holding carrier that can accurately measure a sample with a simple configuration, and a fluorescence detection system and device that use the same. Biosensor substrate includes: base substrate on which excitation light is incident from a lower surface; reflecting film that is arranged on an upper surface of base substrate to partially reflect the excitation light; and plural wells that are arranged on an upper surface side of reflecting film and have bottom surface portions. The excitation light is converged to be incident on base substrate. Distance from reflecting surface that is of a boundary between reflecting film and base substrate to bottom surface portion of well is less than or equal to a focal depth of the excitation light. Therefore, the sample accommodated in bottom surface portion of well can surely and efficiently be irradiated with the excitation light, and accurately be measured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a charged particle beam lithography system comprising: a charged particle optical column arranged in a vacuum chamber for projecting a charged particle beam onto a target, wherein the column comprises deflecting means for deflecting the charged particle beam in a deflection direction, a target positioning device comprising a carrier for carrying the target, and a stage for carrying and moving the carrier along a first direction, wherein the first direction is different from the deflection direction, wherein the target positioning device comprises a first actuator for moving the stage in the first direction relative to the charged particle optical column, wherein the carrier is displaceably arranged on the stage and wherein the target positioning device comprises retaining means for retaining the carrier with respect to the stage in a first relative position.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a noise-proof cover and a charged particle beam apparatus that realize both of suppression of an image failure caused by a specific frequency and a reduction in size. To attain the object, the present invention proposes a noise-proof cover that surrounds a charged particle beam apparatus, the noise-proof cover including a hollow section forming member that forms a cylindrical body having a wall surface extending along an inner wall of the noise-proof cover, one end of the cylindrical body formed by the hollow section forming member being opened and the other end of the cylindrical section being closed, and the charged particle beam apparatus surrounded by the noise-proof cover.