Abstract: The present invention provides a method of delivering solid material at a position far enough from any surrounding solid with high enough target density without scattering debris to the environment. In the present invention, radiation is generated from plasma produced by laser irradiation on a material. This material is a cluster of particles that is composed of many fine particles bound together with a binder that vaporizes at temperature lower than melting point of fine particles. Density of particles in a particle-cluster 8 is increased by vaporizing a solvent 7 by heating a droplet 5 with the irradiation of laser 6. Solvent of a droplet occupies large fraction of the droplet in order to stabilize droplet generation. This solvent is vaporized prior to delivery to a vacuum chamber 9 for plasma generation. This vaporization helps to avoid degradation of vacuum of the chamber 9. The diameter of a particle-cluster thus condensed is several tens ?m.

Abstract: A first embodiment is a quantum dot-DNA-metallic ensemble that can be used as a fluorescent nanosensor for multiplexed detection of the presence and the quantity of one or more target ions in a single assay. In this design, DNA-functionalized multi-colored quantum dots are used as energy donors and god nanoparticles are used as energy acceptors. This design allows for flexibility and a selective binding of a target ion to oligonucleotides, drives the formation of DNA helixes, which bring a quantum dot and metallic nanoparticle into close proximity, leading to a fluorescence emission energy transfer. The energy transfer is detected and the presence and the quantity of the target ion can be confirmed.

Abstract: Antioxidant-containing compositions and methods for confirming antioxidant activity of a composition formulated for topical application to skin. Methods for testing a composition for ability to inhibit both ultraviolet radiation-induced lipid peroxidation on skin and ultraviolet radiation-induced reactive oxygen species formation in the stratum corneum. Compositions and methods for treating and preventing photodamage to skin.

Abstract: A system for detecting atmospheric contamination, the system comprising a laser operable to generate an infrared light beam comprising a longitudinal component and a transverse component the laser remote from the atmospheric contamination, and a processor operable to process a flouresence resulting from contact between the atmospheric contamination and an ultraviolet light being generated from the longitudinal and transverse components of the infrared light of the laser, wherein the processor determines the identity of the fluorescence by comparing the fluorescence to known fluorescence.

Abstract: Ultra Violet (UV) light produced by a light source is converted to visible light and utilized in a visible light output of the light source. The light source is, for example, a light source in an illuminator of a projection device. UV light that is typically filtered out of the illuminator is converted by a UV absorbing visible light radiating phosphor. The UV light is directed to the phosphor by, for example, reflecting the UV light out of a light path, concentrating the UV light via a concave reflector, and directing the UV light to the phosphor. The re-radiated visible light is then injected back into the light path of the light source. In one embodiment, the re-radiated visible light is injected into a “shadow” of the light path.

Abstract: A method based on spectral subtractions of normalized time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TRLIF) spectra produces multiple fingerprints of petroleum oils simultaneously. The method utilizes the simultaneous excitation of the TRLIF spectra of six oil samples using synchronized optical shutters. Five of the samples are standard oil samples while the sixth is the targeted sample. Instead of one fingerprint for the targeted sample, the technique produces multiple fingerprints representing the spectral subtractions between the normalized TRLIF spectra of the target sample and those of each of the standard oil samples. The technique provides fingerprints of higher distinguishing ability than a prior method, allowing it to discriminate between closely similar petroleum oils even under weathered conditions. The technique requires no sample preparation and can be applied remotely. It can also identify the original grade of the petroleum oils from their weathered remains.

Abstract: An optical material for lithographic applications is selected from crystal materials by a testing method. The crystal materials are preferably quartz and/or alkali or alkaline earth halides, especially fluorides, or mixed crystals. The testing method includes three tests to measure irreversible radiation damage: 1) the optical material is irradiated with ultraviolet radiation at 193 nm and the non-intrinsic fluorescence intensity at 740 nm is measured; 2) the optical material is irradiated with high energy density laser light and a change in respective absorptions before and after irradiation at 385 nm is measured; and 3) the optical material is irradiated with an X-ray or radioactive source to form all possible color centers and a difference of respective surface integrals of corresponding absorption spectra in ultraviolet spectral and/or visible spectral regions is measured before and after irradiation.

Abstract: A luminescence sensing device, comprising a plurality of optical sensor subunits, each said subunit comprising UV-illumination means for illuminating a sample; digital camera means, comprising a camera head; mirror means for directing light emitted from said sample onto said camera head; and a digital signal processor unit (DSP), processing signals generated by said camera head.

Abstract: An ultraviolet (UV) fluorometric sensor measures a chemical concentration in a sample based on the measured fluorescence of the sample. The sensor includes a controller, at least one UV light source, and at least one UV detector. The sensor emits UV light in a wavelength range of 245-265 nm from the light source through the sample in an analytical area. The UV detector measures the fluorescence emission from the sample. The controller transforms output signals from the UV detector into fluorescence values or optical densities for one or more wavelengths in the wavelength range of 265-340 nm. The controller calculates the chemical concentration of the chemical in the sample based on the measured fluorescence emissions.

Abstract: Methods of identification or detection utilizing photoluminescent compositions containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials whose emission signature lies partly or fully in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum onto or into objects for the purpose of identifying or detecting the objects. Methods of identification or detection utilizing photoluminescent compositions which are high in intensity and high in persistence. Methods wherein the identifying markings can be clandestine or otherwise, and methods wherein activation and detection can be decoupled spatially and temporally. Objects containing these photoluminescent compositions.

Abstract: A cognitive stimulating sterilizing device for providing visual, tactile and, or audible stimulation for infants while selectively sterilize select items and the surrounding ambient, including a housing adapted for removable connection to cribs, changing tables and similar furniture, ultraviolet light generating source in the housing for sanitizing items in the housing when closed and the ambient when opened, audio source and compartments for holding and storing select items. The housing may include reflective and, or transparent surfaces for directing, reflecting and, or passing ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for detecting and analyzing forensic evidence. A digital image is taken of background radiation from a suspected-evidence area suspected to contain evidence. The suspected-evidence area is exposed to a high-intensity pulse of ultraviolet radiation. Another digital image is taken of fluorescence within the exposed suspected-evidence area. The digital images are processed to create a composite digital image showing regions of evidence. The composite digital image is analyzed to determine the wavelength of fluorescent radiation emitted by the regions of evidence. Composite evidence image and the analysis results are displayed. The present invention also comprises a forensic evidence detection and analysis system that includes a digital camera, an ultraviolet light source, a computer and display, and a computer program installed on the computer.

Abstract: A standoff bioagent-detection apparatus and method use a direct ultraviolet source to detect bioagents. In some embodiments, a standoff bioagent-detection apparatus and method use laser-induced fluorescence to determine the presence of a biological agent having an aromatic-protein shell, such as Tryptophan. In some embodiments, multi-wavelength differential laser-induced fluorescence helps reduce false alarm caused by naturally occurring interferants. In some embodiments, a full range of ultraviolet wavelengths is initially simultaneously generated to fluoresce Tryptophan to determine if an ambient level is excessive. When the ambient level is excessive, individual ultraviolet wavelengths may be generated in differential pairs and the detected fluorescence levels may be correlated with atmospheric absorption levels for Tryptophan to determine if a bioagent is highly likely to be present.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for detecting aerosols. The systems and methods can be used to detect harmful aerosols, such as, bio-aerosols.

Abstract: A biological and chemical detection system is provided that detects and identifies biological and/or chemical particulates of interest. The biological and chemical detection system comprises a collector, a first optical device, a second optical device and a processor. The collector is configured to deposit particulates drawn from a fluid stream onto a sample substrate to define a sample area. The first optical device derives first data relative to at least a portion of the sample area, which is analyzed to determine at least one field of view and/or specific target location. The second optical device then interrogates the sample area at each determined target location, e.g., using Raman spectroscopy, to produce interrogation data.

Abstract: A device for inspecting microscopic objects. A plurality of LEDS is arranged in an array underneath a lens. Some of the LEDS are lighted and some of the LEDS are unlighted. A computer is in control of the LED array. The computer turns on selected LEDS from the array to form the lighted LEDS. Also, the computer turns off selected LEDS from the array to form the unlighted LEDS. The lighted LEDS form a pattern of lighted LEDS underneath the lens. In a preferred embodiment, the lens is connected to a computer controlled camera and the microscopic objects are microscopic crystals. In another preferred embodiment UV LEDS are utilized and illuminate crystals from above. In another preferred embodiment UV LEDS are utilized to illuminate a loop of a Hampton pin to locate a crystal in the loop of a Hampton pin for the purpose of x-ray crystallography.

Abstract: A ultra-violet based color pixel backlight system for Liquid Crystal Display, that does not contain the traditional color filters, comprising multiplicity of LEDs, emitting UV light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 390 nm, assembled at one edge of a UV transmitting light guide, which has other three edges and bottom surface coated with UV reflecting layer and its top surface etched with UV extracting pixel patterns that contain phosphors that emit different colors of light in red, blue and green region when excited by UV light. A sheet of micro-lens is assembled between the light guide and the LCD to have the etched pixels in substantial alignment with the pixels of LCD and the lenses of the sheet of micro-lens. Thus red, blue and green pixels of light from the light guide passes through the intended red, blue and green pixels of LCD that has no traditional color filters, resulting in color pixel backlighting that enhances the optical efficiency of LCD.

Abstract: A miniature, battery operated plastic module designed to project at least three different frequencies of energy from light emitting diodes is described. A first frequency is between 390 nm-420 nm just above harmful Ultraviolet Frequencies, a second frequency is between 850 nm-1200 nm in the infrared band and a third frequency is for a visible white light. The light emitting module has a base unit, the unit including a pulsed LED that emits an ultraviolet wavelength of light adapted to focus on a surface having phosphorescence means on the surface to activate the phosphorescence. The light emitting module may also have a base unit which includes a pulsed LED that emits an infrared wavelength of light adapted to penetrate a particular atmosphere. The module may also provide optional power for external items in addition to the three frequencies.

Abstract: An instrument is provided that can monitor nucleic acid sequence amplifications reactions, for example, PCR amplification of DNA and DNA fragments. The instrument includes a multi-notch filter disposed along one or both of an excitation beam path and an emission beam path. Methods are also provided for monitoring nucleic acid sequence amplifications using an instrument that includes a multi-notch filter disposed along a beam path.

Abstract: The invention is related to the instrument for measuring a Raman signal of tissue, the instrument comprising a laser, a signal detection unit for measuring the Raman signal, and a fiber optic probe, wherein the fiber optic probe comprises one or more optical fibers for directing laser light onto the tissue and for collecting light that is scattered by the tissue and guiding the collected light away from the tissue towards the signal detection unit, wherein the fiber or fibers for collecting light have substantially no Raman signal in one or more parts of the 2500-3700 cm?1 spectral region, and wherein the detection unit records the Raman signal scattered by the tissue in said spectral region. The invention enables ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo analysis and diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque and detection of tumor tissue with great advantages over current state-of-the-art technology.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for illuminating a subject with deep UV light and detecting 2-dimensional image information, e.g., a transmission image, fluorescence image, reflected light image, etc. The subject may be illuminated with a light pulse having a duration of 2 seconds or less and one or more components with a wavelength of between about 150 nm to about 300 nm. The light pulse may be arranged so as to minimize or eliminate any detrimental effect on the functioning of the subject, e.g., on a living cell. A concentration, mass, quantum yield, absorbance or other characteristics of one or more compounds in the subject may be determined based on one or more 2-dimensional images obtained of the subject. An illumination beam having left and right circularly polarized components may be generated, e.g., for circular dichroism analysis of a subject.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the stimulation and collection of fluorescent signals from a target analyte. The apparatus comprises: i) a frequency modulated optical source which emits excitation light of a wavelength which will stimulate a target fluorophore to emit a fluorescent signal when illuminated by the excitation light, ii) a first optical filter interposed between the optical source and the target fluorophore, iii) a second optical filter interposed between the fluorophore and a photo-detector and positioned to receive the emitted fluorescent signal. The beam path of at least one, preferably both, of the excitation light and the fluorescent signal is transmitted substantially through free space. A data processor will normally be used to calculate and record the phase delay between the excitation light and the fluorescent signal.

Abstract: A method of identifying a source of a marking fluid applied to a person or an object comprises applying a marking fluid including one or more security markers to a person or an object and illuminating the applied marking fluid to excite the security markers. Photoluminescent emission from the security markers in response to the excitation is measured and compared with one or more pre-defined photoluminescent signatures associated with the source of the marking fluid. The source of the marking fluid is identified based on a match between the detected photoluminescent emission and at least one of the pre-defined photoluminescent signatures.

Abstract: A device and method for detecting by fluorescence microbial growth from sample substances are disclosed. For example, a method for the detection of visible-band fluorescence signals generated by at least one fluorescing compound excited by ultraviolet energy, comprising exciting said at least one fluorescing compound with ultraviolet energy emitted from a light-emitting diode comprising wavelengths below 400 nanometers, and detecting a visible-band fluorescence signal generated by said at least one excited fluorescing compound with at least one light detector sensitive to electromagnetic energy comprising wavelengths greater than or equal to 400 nanometers wavelength.

Abstract: A trigger device for detecting particles of interest comprises a sample substrate, a collector, a read head and a processor. The collector is positioned proximate to at least a portion of a first side of a sample substrate and is operated to deposit a sample on the substrate within a sample area. The read head is positioned proximate to the sample area on a second side of the sample substrate generally opposite the collector and comprises a concave reflection surface having a back side positioned proximate to the sample area so as to register the substrate within the sample area with the read head. The processor is operatively configured to analyze a signal from one or more detectors of the read head and to trigger an event if particulates of interest are detected in the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the fragmentation of large molecules, especially biopolymers. The invention consists in reacting analyte ions with excited or radical neutral particles, whereby, at least in the case of bombardment of analyte ions with helium atoms from an FAB generator, a new type of fragmentation occurs which strongly resembles fragmentation by electron capture (ECD). The reactions may be performed in magnetic ion traps (ion cyclotron resonance cells, ICR), in RF ion traps according to Wolfgang Paul, in RF ion guides, or in free beams of analyte ions or neutral particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a skin tanning chamber, the improvement comprising at least one light emitting diode emitting a UVA light, such as a UVA LED that emits essentially only UVA. Additionally, multiple LEDs of varying types with various characteristic wavelengths are controlled independently to produce an arbitrary light pattern in an arbitrary sequence over time. The chamber can be rigid or flexible. It can be a bed, booth or incorporated into a flexible form, such as a garment or cloth. In one embodiment, the chamber further comprises at least one LED emitting a UVC light, whereby the UVC light sanitizes the chamber surface. Preferably the LED emitting the UVA light is under independent control from the LED emitting UVC light.

Abstract: A fluorometric system for on-line monitoring of biological processes uses a plurality of light sources, each with a different spectral width, to illuminate a sample, the light sources selected to produce emission of fluorescent light, and usually also dispersed light, from the illuminated sample. One of the light sources has a wide spectral range. The light sources are operated sequentially or in combination. Spectra acquired from the emitted light are combined and processed to evaluate properties of the sample, such as concentration of the fluorescing components or particle concentration. The system preferably uses an electro-optical probe in which excitation optical energy is transmitted to the sample directly from the light sources, typically LEDs, without an optical waveguide.

Abstract: A light emitting module for producing a visible light by passive ultraviolet excitation includes an excitation light source member and at least one layer of wavelength modulation matrix. The excitation light source member produces an ultraviolet light with a specific wavelength range. The wavelength modulation matrix adopts an organic polymer as a carrier, and the carrier adds a composite material composed of an organic wavelength modulation material, a quantum dot luminescence color rendering modulation material and a nanoparticle brightness enhancement luminescence powder, and the composite material is cured and formed by coating, injection molding, thin film lamination, screen printing or thick film printing, so that when the wavelength modulation matrix is projected by an ultraviolet light beam emitted by the excitation light source member, a light including a visible light is produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the machine-reading of markings on/in transparent, especially pane-type, marking carriers, especially glass panes, according to which the marking carrier (2) is illuminated with UV light at least during the period of a machine-reading process of a marking, especially by means of a reading device (4), in order to increase the contrast between a marking (5) and the marking carrier (2). The invention also relates to a device for the machine-reading of markings in transparent, especially pane-type, marking carriers, especially glass panes, comprising at least one reading device (4) for markings arranged on/in a marking carrier, and at least one illumination device (4) is provided for increasing the contrast between a marking (5) and the surrounding transparent marking carrier (2) by illuminating the marking carrier (2) with UV light.

Abstract: A display includes a solid state light device and a spatial light modulator in optical communication with the solid state light device. The solid state light device includes an array of solid state radiation sources to generate radiation, where each solid state radiation source includes a controllable radiation output. The solid state light device further includes an array of optical concentrators, where each optical concentrator receives radiation from a corresponding one of the array of solid state radiation sources. The solid state light device further includes a plurality of optical fibers, where each of the plurality of optical fibers includes an input end that receives concentrated radiation from a corresponding optical concentrator. The spatial light modulator includes a plurality of controllable elements operable to modulate light from the solid state light device. The display can be used in a variety of applications.

Abstract: There is provided an illumination system for microlithography. The illumination system includes an optical element having a plurality of field raster elements, a plane in which a field is illuminated, and a grazing incidence mirror situated in a light path from the optical element to the plane, after the optical element. The illumination system has no other grazing incidence mirror in the light path, after the optical element and before the plane.

Abstract: Target 1 that is arranged in the disc direction is sprayed from nozzle 2 that has a slit-shaped aperture. Target 1 is conveyed on a gas stream. He gas is used in this example. Nozzle 2 may be vibrated by a piezo apparatus to spray disc-shaped target 1. Target 1 that is sprayed from nozzle 2 reaches the irradiation position of laser light with its direction unchanged since the exterior of nozzle 2 is maintained in a high vacuum. Synchronized with delivery of target 1, pulse laser light 5 from Nd:YAG light source 4 is focused by lens 3 and irradiated onto target 1. The spot diameter of the laser is the same 1 mm diameter as that of target 1. The thickness is not more than 1000 nm. Therefore, virtually the entire target is converted into plasma, debris generation is inhibited and the conversion efficiency is elevated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for authentication of materials used in imaging members and assemblies. Authentication of imaging materials ensure that compatible components are being used with the imaging members and assemblies. Embodiments provide a system and method for efficiently detecting whether materials being used in the imaging members and assemblies are compatible and authentic materials authorized for such uses.

Abstract: A counterfeit detection device that is useful for optically examining the security features of Drivers Licenses to determine its authenticity. The apparatus places the driver's license at the optimum focal point of a loupe suitable for enlarging the image of the micro printing as well as examining other fine security features such as UV and Kintegrams. In one embodiment, the devise consists of a 10-20 magnification device known as a loupe. One UV led and one white led which are mounted through the housing of the loupe. The Leds are positioned one hundred and eighty degrees apart from each other and are positioned downward at am angle to illuminate in the middle of the loupes housing. The Leds are powered by two separate circuit boards which are powered by 6 volt batteries.

Abstract: A light illuminating element including a transparent closed casing, an exciting gas, a first exciting coating, and a first dielectric multi-layer long-pass filter is provided. The transparent closed casing has a first inner side, a second inner side, a first outer side corresponding to the first inner side, and a second outer side corresponding to the second inner side. The exciting gas is disposed inside the transparent closed casing, and suitable for providing an ultraviolet light. The first exciting coating is disposed on the first inner side or the first outer side, and is suitable for absorbing the ultraviolet light to provide a visible light. The first dielectric multi-layer long-pass filter is disposed on the second inner side or the second outer side, and suitable for reflecting the ultraviolet light and allowing the visible light to pass through.

Abstract: A lighting system comprising at least one lighting assembly, the lighting assembly comprising at least one ultraviolet light source, means for separately controlling ultraviolet light source and a mounting base, the mounting base carrying the ultraviolet light source with the means for separately controlling disposed remote therefrom, lighting assemblies of the lighting system mounted upon a portion of the side of a boat wherein the ultraviolet light source comprises an array of point lights.

Abstract: An inspecting system for security documents is disclosed, wherein a rotating cylinder provided with transparent sectors is apt to transport the document past an image acquiring device, and in which a transparency inspecting device is placed partially inside and partially outside the cylinder so that the electromagnetic inspecting beam is intercepted by the documents held lying onto the transparent sectors. Further, the inspecting system is provided with shading elements, in the optical pattern, apt to define a cone of shade only in correspondence of sensitive elements of a camera.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for monitoring a property of an ingested or in-taken drug, food, drink or toxic substance, non-invasively or minimally invasively, which can also identify the subject person being monitored, if desired. The system comprises: a means of labeling the substance with a labeling media to have a useful signature indicative of, or bearing a relation to the property; a means to allow the signature to be read non-invasively or minimally invasively; and a means to identify, in any manner, who is being monitored.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sterilizer used at dental clinics to sterilize handpieces by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays. When inserting a contaminated handpiece into a sterilizer, an ultraviolet barrier is opened confirming the approach of the handpiece by a sensor. After the insertion of the handpiece, the ultraviolet barrier is closed, then ultraviolet lamps are turned on for a pre-determined time and then turned off, and the ultraviolet barrier is opened again. After the withdrawal of the handpiece, the ultraviolet barrier is closed. The handpiece is not contacted with the outside of the sterilizer, preventing the handpiece from being contaminated again by the sterilizer, and the leakage of the ultraviolet rays is prevented.

Abstract: An optical instrument is provided for simultaneously illuminating two or more spaced-apart reaction regions with excitation beams generated by a light source. The light source can include an area light array of light emitting diodes, one or more solid state lasers, one or more micro-wire lasers, or a combination thereof. According to various embodiments, a Fresnel lens can be disposed along a beam bath between the light source and the reaction regions. Methods of analysis using the optical instrument are also provided.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a projection system configured to project a first radiation beam onto a target portion of a substrate, and at least one monitoring device for detecting contamination in a interior space. The monitoring device includes at least one dummy element having at least one contamination receiving surface. In an aspect of the invention, there is provided at least one dummy element which does not take part in transferring a radiation beam onto a target portion of a substrate, wherein it is monitored whether a contamination receiving surface of the dummy element has been contaminated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for creating a pattern on a workpiece sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted onto a computer controlled reticle having a multitude of modulating elements (pixels). The pixels are arranged in said computer controlled reticle according to a digital description. An image of said computer controlled reticle is created on said workpiece, wherein said pixels in said computer controlled reticle are arranged in alternate states along at least a part of one feature edge in order to create a smaller address grid. The invention also relates to an apparatus for creating a pattern on a workpiece. The invention also relates to a semiconducting wafer and a mask.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to a system for detecting a change in an attribute of a substance. The system may include a photon source for producing a first of a plurality of photons which interact with the substance while an attribute of the substance changes to produce a second plurality of photons. The system may also include a filter for receiving the collected photons and providing filtered photons; a photon detector for receiving the filtered photons and obtaining therefrom a spectrum of the substance; and a processor for detecting an aspect of the filtered photons wherein the aspect of the filtered photons is the function of the attribute of the substance.

Abstract: There is provided a method and a device of monitoring oil oxidation in real time. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: irradiating ultraviolet light into oil to be monitored; measuring fluorescence emission intensity of the oil in red, green and blue wavelength bands; determining one value measured in a relatively long wavelength band and the other value measured in a relatively short wavelength band among the fluorescence emission intensity measured in the red, green and blue wavelength bands; calculating a fluorescence emission ratio which is defined as a ratio of the value measured in the relatively long wavelength band to the value measured in the relatively short wavelength band; and monitoring a change in the fluorescence emission ratio. It is then determined whether the fluorescence emission ratio reaches a predetermined critical magnitude. When the fluorescence emission ratio reaches the critical magnitude, the necessity of replacing the oil with new one is indicated.

Abstract: A system for measuring the amount of sulfur in a sample is provided comprising a UV fluorescence detector for determining the sulfur dioxide content of the sample and an analyzer for receiving the sulfur dioxide content of the sample from the UV fluorescence detector for evaluating the content of species under investigation and for quantifying the sulfur content in the sample. The UV fluorescence detector comprising an excimer lamp comprising a quartz envelope and a krypton-chloride excimer gas mixture therein.

Abstract: An adhesive or primer is provided with an effective amount of an optical brightener material to enable detection by a source of UV radiation.

Abstract: Techniques for sterilizing a fomite are disclosed. A UV sterilization apparatus includes a housing for enveloping a fomite inside the housing. The housing is composed of a material that prevents transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet range. Attached to the housing is a closure element, and the closure element is also composed of a material that prevents transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the UV range but allows transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the visual range. An ultraviolet light source is attached to an internal surface of the housing or an internal surface of the closure element, and the light source sterilizes the fomite enclosed inside the housing by transmitting ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation towards the fomite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical methods of observing, distinguishing and/or visualizing grown or nascent crystals of biological material within a biological sample.

Abstract: A fluorescent trace material is provided within at least a portion of an electrical contact or interrupter assembly component, or a cavity defined therein. At least a portion of the fluorescent trace material is exposed or released from the electrical contact or interrupter assembly component, indicating a degree of component wear.