Abstract: A treatment system to treat microbially contaminated water and provide a resultant product which is odor and taste-free is disclosed. The system comprises separate quantities of hypochlorite and peroxide generating chemicals. The system is used by first admixing the hypochlorite-containing solution with water and after an interval adding the peroxide-generating material. The peroxide rapidly reacts with and destroys the hypochlorite along with its taste and odor. In a most preferred embodiment, the system includes a third pre-measured quantity of a reducing agent, such as sodium thiosulfate, which may be added following the peroxide treatment step to destroy any hypochlorite-generated chloramine compounds.

Abstract: A pH controlled protein removal system and method in the substantial absence of (a) enzyme and (b) a surfactantly effective amount of a surfactant is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a substrate with a cleaning composition therefor, which compostion is substantially free of (a) enzyme and (b) surfactantly effective amount of a surfactant, for a period of time at an alkaline pH and removing said substrate from said composition.

Abstract: The scale formed by use of alkaline salt-based cleaners and which comprises one or more alkaline salts and organic scale is removed by applying an aqueous solution comprising alkali metal carbonate salts and optionally, a hydrotrope to remove the organic scale. A mixture of potassium and sodium carbonate salts has been found to effect better descaling than use of either of the salts alone.

Abstract: A stable activated silica sol is made by reacting sodium aluminum sulfate and a solution of silica. This solution removes suspended particles from aqueous streams rapidly and effectively. The silica sol is stable for many days and thus can be prepared off-site and transported to the point of use. Further, the activated silica or colloidal silica sol solution of the invention can be continuously added to water and waste water streams, or paper making pulps, stocks and furnishes, without danger of solidifying in the transport systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acid catalyzed thermal polycondensation process for producing amino acid polymers. More specifically, amino acid polymers are produced by thermally condensing a mixture of one or more amino acids and optionally one or more polyfunctional monomers, using an acid catalyst, while maintaining an intimate admixture. Processing techniques useful for maintaining an intimate admixture include adding to the mixture one or more processing aids, using mechanical means, and combinations thereof. The amino acid polymers produced by this process are useful as cleaning and detergent additives; fertilizer and pesticide additives; personal care product additives; dispersants for inorganic particulates, aqueous emulsions, and drilling muds; and water treatment and oil.

Abstract: Water soluble polymers are prepared from an allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid monomer, a methallyl sulfonic acid monomer, a copolymerizable nonionic monomer, and a copolymerizable olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer. The polymers are used to disperse particulate matter and to inhibit the formation and deposition of mineral scale in aqueous systems and are used in detergent compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for disinfecting water which provides a visual indication after the disinfection is complete. First, the water to be disinfected is generally simultaneously intermixed with at least three items. The items are: (1) a disinfectant which is adapted to render harmless substantially all pathogens present in the water upon the disinfectant being intermixed with the water for a time period T.sub.k ; (2) a colorant; and (3) a material which can remove substantially all of the disinfectant and colorant from the water over a time period t.sub.r, where T.sub.r is greater than T.sub.k. Secondly, the water, disinfectant, colorant and the removing material are allowed to remain intermixed for a time period of T.sub.r or greater. At the end of the time period T.sub.r, substantially all pathogens in the water will be rendered harmless, substantially all of the disinfectant will be removed from the water and substantially all of the colorant will be removed from the water.

Abstract: A composition comprising a water-dispersible ionene polymer and a water-dispersible di-lower-alkyl ammonium halide polymer (for example, a polymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) is disclosed. These polymers are present in the composition in a ratio effective to function synergistically as an algistatic or algicidal agent when an effective amount of the composition is dispersed in a body of water. Examples of suitable bodies of water are swimming pools, spas, lakes, rivers, or water in an industrial water system, such as a cooling water system. Also, a method of treating water which is susceptible to the growth of algae is disclosed. The method is carried out by incorporating in the water an at least algistatic amount of the composition.

Abstract: A novel basic aluminum chlorosulfate, well adopted for the improved purification of aqueous media, has the formula:Al.sub.n (OH).sub.m (SO.sub.4).sub.k Cl.sub.3n-m-2kand characteristic basicity, Al/Cl ratio, molecular weight and hydrodynamic diameters.

Abstract: A dephosphorizing material disposed so that a material containing iron as a main component and a calcium compound material contact a phosphorus-containing aqueous solution, and provided with a water-permeable material at least around the material containing iron as a main component. A phosphorus component of sewage and river water can be removed easily by simply bringing this dephosphorizing material into contact with such phosphorus-containing aqueous solutions, without employing any special solution control method. This dephosphorizing material is capable of reducing the outflow of iron rust occurring due to the oxidation of iron during a dephosphorization of a phosphorus-containing aqueous solution, and the iron effluent can be eliminated by the action of the calcium compound material. Accordingly, this dephosphorizing material can be applied practically to sewage and river water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of a peracetic acid and a second organic biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of the peracetic acid and the organic biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: Polysaccharides (e.g., dextran) of different molecular weights were substituted at the anomeric carbon with polyalkylene oxides of different molecular weights to give novel diblock copolymers. The copolymers inhibit bacterial aggregation. The copolymers are useful as antiplaque agents, as agents to prevent bacterial aggregation in an aqueous system or in a fermentation system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material for the purification of fluids. More particularly, the present invention relates to a material for flocculating and separating organic substances or surface active agents contained in waste water.

Abstract: A composition is provided for treating drinking water for disinfecting and/or removing iodide. The composition utilizes resin bound silver ions. For performing the disinfection or iodide removal with minimal release of silver ions into the water being treated, a chelating resin having iminodiacetate chelating groups is employed, and the resin is loaded with not over 0.5 mol of silver ions per mol of iminodiacetate.

Abstract: A composition for treating water that contains metal ions and possibly also organic and/or inorganic compounds is produced by reacting sulfur with an alkali- and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the presence of water.The inventive composition corresponds to general formula IM.sub.x S.sub.y O.sub.z, (I)whereM represents an alkali or alkaline earth metal,x is 1 or 2,y is in the range 1.5x-2.5x, andz is in the range 0.1-2.5.

Abstract: Water purifying substances produced by mixing raw material soil containing allophane expressed by:nSiO.sub.2.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.mH.sub.2 Owhere, n is a number within the range of 1.3 to 2, and m is a number within the range of 2.5 to 3 at the maximum larger than 0, with water, and sintering a mixture thus obtained at 200.degree. C. to 700.degree. C., consequently to form porous sintered particles having a function of absorbing and fixing phosphoric acid. By scattering the water purifying substances around a lake, marsh or other body of water, phosphoric acid in sludge accumulated in the lake and so on can be effectively captured. The purifying effect of the water purifying substance can be improved by adding polyaluminum chloride and/or ferrous sulfate to the raw material soil.

Abstract: The production of paste-form, bleach-containing and substantially water-free detergents or cleaning preparations was to be improved by the direct use of hydrated zeolite. This was essentially done by impregnating the zeolite with 3 times to 10 times the quantity, based on its weight, of an organic polar deactivating agent which is liquid at room temperature and normal pressure and which has a dielectric constant at 20.degree. C. of at least 2.3 C.sup.2.

Abstract: Compositions for use in the treatment of complex waste liquids are disclosed. The complex waste liquids may include organics, organic polymers, and heavy metals. The composition is a solution comprising, in relative percentages, from about 2 moles to about 3 moles Me.sup.III, from about 1 mole to about 3 moles Me.sup.II, and from about 4 moles to about 5 moles monovalent or divalent anionic groups. In such a composition Me.sup.III is selected from the group consisting of Fe.sup.+3 and Al.sup.+3 ; whereas Me.sup.II is selected from the group consisting of Mg.sup.+2 and Ca.sup.+2. The anionic groups are generally selected from the group consisting of Cl.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.-, and SO.sub.4.sup.2-.

Abstract: A composition for treating waste water comprising Natrolite [Na.sub.2 Al.sub.2 Si.sub.3 O.sub.10. 2H.sub.2 O] from 30 to 40 weight %, Montmorillonite from 20 to 30 weight %, Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH).sub.2 ] from 20 to 30 weight %, Aluminum sulphate [Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3. 7H.sub.2 O] from 1.5 to 3.5 weight % and Magnesium oxide catalyst agent from 10 to 15 weight percent. The composition is effective in treating waste water containing various heavy metals, particularly, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr.sup.6+ and cyanide and in deoderizing and decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material for the purification of fluids. More particularly, the present invention relates to a material for flocculating and separating organic substances or surface active agents contained in waste water.

Abstract: A shape for chlorination and dechlorination tablets which reduces pillaring and wicking effects during fluid treatment and offers a consistent dissolution rate during the chlorination or dechlorination process. The opposing surfaces of the stacked tablets are formed by a combination of concave and convex shapes. The shape of the opposing surfaces prevents the formation of a central pillar, resulting in the formation of a side pillar instead. During the formation of the side pillar, the fluid contact surface area of the tablets gradually increases to compensate for the diminishing periphery of the tablets. As a result, the dissolution rate of the tablet is kept substantially constant over the course of tablet dissolution. The shape of the opposing surfaces of the stacked tablets also only provides for minimum contact between adjacent tablets, slowing the moisture diffusion speed and minimizing wicking effects.

Abstract: Metal scavengers suitable for use in the treatment of waste water are disclosed. The metal scavengers individually comprise a polyamine derivative and a polyethyleneimine derivative. The polyamine derivative is formed of a polyamine having a molecular weight not higher than 500 and contains, per molecule of the polyamine, at least one dithiocarboxyl group or a salt thereof as an N-substituting group substituted for an active hydrogen atom of the polyamine such that at least 30% of suitable active hydrogen atoms contained in the polyamine are substituted by the dithiocarboxyl group or salt thereof.

Abstract: A wet paint spray booth treating agent comprising a melamine--aldehyde acid colloid solution, a nitrogen atom-containing organic compound and an anionic water soluble high molecular weight dispersant. A method for the treatment of a wet paint spray booth which comprises adding a melamine--aldehyde acid colloid solution, a nitrogen atom-containing organic compound and an anionic water soluble high molecular weight dispersant to a recirculating washing water in a wet paint spray booth.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the formation and deposition of scale forming salts in a circulating aqueous system is described wherein a treatment solution of a substoichiometric amount of polyepoxysuccinic acid in combination with agaric acid is employed.

Abstract: A compound for the treatment of water polluted by metal ions is obtained by the reaction of potassium or sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution with thiocarbamide and potassium or sodium hyposulfate. After a period of settling, a precipitate forms and is removed; the clear liquid above the precipitate is decanted and used for treating water polluted with metal ions.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, and an anionic polymer is useful for the reduction and separation of metals in wastewater and it is hydrolytically stable for a period of six months. It may also contain an alkali metal aluminate or alum. Thus, a one-package treatment of wastewater is provided by the invention described herein.

Abstract: A wastewater clarificant very excellent in the powers for removing BOD, COD and SS is provided. The clarificant comprises an aqueous solution containing a polynuclear complex salt that is obtained by subjecting to isochoric heating an aqueous solution containing a mixture of sulfates of a plurality of metals selected from the group consisting of potassium, iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium and aluminum. Preferably, the clarificant comprises an aqueous solution containing a polynuclear complex salt that is obtained by subjecting to isochoric heating an aqueous solution containing a mixture of sulfates of a plurality of metals selected from the group consisting of, in molar concentration, 0.02 to 0.08 of potassium, 0.11 to 1.31 of iron, 0.003 to 0.030 of calcium, 0.004 to 0.040 of sodium, 0.27 to 0.81 of magnesium and 0.370 to 1.300 of aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition in dry form, preferably in the form of a tablet, containing a combination of ingredients which upon addition to contaminated water effectively removes turbidity, metal and organic contaminants in the water and thereby makes the water safer for drinking. The composition is particularly useful for personal use so that safe drinking water can be obtained by the simple addition of the composition to the water to remove the turbidity and contaminating materials contained therein. Preferably the composition contains bentonite clay, attapulgite clay, polymeric coagulant and/or flocculent, biocide, zeolite and activated charcoal. The invention also provides a method for treating water with the composition as well as a method for making the composition.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing barium and strontium sulfate scale deposits. The composition comprises an aqueous solution having a pH of about 8 to about 14, an EDTA or DTPA chelant, and a catalyst or synergist. Preferred chelants comprise diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA or alkali salts thereof. Anions of organic and inorganic acids comprise the catalyst. Catalysts which can be used include fluoride, oxalate, persulfate, dithionate, hypochlorite and formate anions. When the solution containing the composition is contacted with a surface containing a scale deposit, the deposit dissolves substantially more scale quicker than heretofore possible.

Abstract: A natural composition for preventing the growth of barnacles, grass, worms and the like on the hull of a boat or ship. The natural, powdered crustacean shell-based composition makes it easy to remove slime and scum formation and is safe to use on all boats or ships, including aluminum and steel. The natural composition incorporates pulverized, powdered, complete crustacean shells as the active ingredient, namely powdered mussel shells or the like.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting silica scale formation in aqueous systems using selected low molecular weight (meth)acrylic or maleic acid based copolymers or terpolymers, magnesium ion alone, or the selected copolymers and terpolymers with aluminum ion or magnesium ion, or polyacrylic or polymaleic acid with aluminum ion or magnesium ion.

Abstract: A scale inhibitor for a calcium-type scale, which includes ingredients of:(a) an organophosphonic acid or its salt having an scale inhibiting activity;(b) a water-soluble acrylic acid-type or maleic acid-type polymer constituted by at least two kinds of monomer unit composed of a vinyl monomer having a carboxyl group or another polar group; and(c) citric acid or its salt.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal scales, especially barium sulfate scale deposits are removed from oilfield pipe and other tubular goods with a scale-removing composition comprising an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH of about 8 to about 14, a polyaminopolycarboxylic acid, preferably EDTA or DTPA and a catalyst or synergist comprising oxalate anion. When the scale-removing solution is contacted with a surface containing a scale deposit, substantially more scale is dissolved at a faster rate than previously possible.

Abstract: Method of processing water including bath water and water employed in air treatment plants, which is conveyed in a circuit containing a contaminating point and a processing plant, the water exiting the contaminating point being contaminated water having a redox potential which is measurable and the method including, in the order recited, continuously measuring the redox potential of the contaminated water at the inlet of the processing plant; introducing into the contaminated water an auxiliary processing agent which is a mixture including a flocculating agent which promotes deposition of corpuscular pollutants and a halide which reduces ozone and disinfects the contaminated water as a function of the redox potential in such a way that the auxiliary processing agent is introduced in proportion to a drop in the redox potential; treating the water with ozone from an ozone generator in a spatial region defined within the processing plant and forming flocks including the corpuscular pollutants; and filtering the

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material for the purification of fluids. More particularly, the present invention relates to a material for flocculating and separating organic substances or surface active agents contained in waste water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for coagulating waterborne paints in paint spray booth recirculating water. The coagulant aid comprises a polynucleate hydroxy silicate-sulphate compound (hereinafter PASS) having the following average composition of the general formula:Al(OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (SiO.sub.X).sub.D (H.sub.2 O).sub.Ewherein B ranges from 0.75 to 2.0; C ranges from 0.30 to 1.12; D ranges from 0.005 to 0.1; X is greater than 2.0 but less or equal to 4.0 such that3=B+2C+2D(X-2)E is 1.5 to 4 when the product is in solid form; and E is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form, which may optionally be used together with alum or a mixture of alum and a polyamine. The coagulant aids of this invention may also be used advantageously with detackifying agents to simultaneously detackify and coagulate solvent based paint particles.

Abstract: A water disinfection system is disclosed. The system comprises a permanganate in a concentration of up to about 15 mg/L, copper ions in a concentration of up to about 900 .mu.g/L, and silver ions in a concentration of up to about 90 .mu.g/L. In addition, a method for disinfecting water utilizing this system is described.

Abstract: An agent for the treatment of water containing dissolved aluminum comprises a particulate alkali metal or quaternary ammonium silicate, the particles having a coating of a water-insoluble silicate over at least a part of their surface, and a process of treating water which comprises dissolving the agent in the water.

Abstract: Methods for utilizing transition metals as tracers in aqueous liquid systems are provided by this invention. Transition metals with low background levels in system waters are identified as preferred when soluble in said aqueous liquid systems. The transition metals show low levels of deposition on equipment scale and provide reliable information as to the process history of the liquid systems.

Abstract: Materials such as amines, alcohols, aminoalcohols, ethers and mixtures thereof, including halogenated adducts thereof, have been found to be useful floc modifiers for water clarifiers to form an effective overall water clarifier composition. The water clarifier portion of the composition is a dithiocarbamate. The floc modifier of a particular water clarifier composition need not be the same compound that is reacted with carbon disulfide (CS.sub.2) to make the water clarifier portion of the novel compositions.

Abstract: A surface erodible controlled releasing, free standing cleaning block for domestic water closets comprises controlled releasing agent, erosion rate modifier, processing aid, acidic chelating agent, color indicator, density modifier and internal lubricant.

Abstract: Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate (Na.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F), when added to various industrial water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L, significantly reduce the amount of calcium carbonate scale which is formed on heat exchange and other metallic surfaces of such systems.Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate, when added to various water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L also stabilizes soluble manganese ion and its reaction products, i.e., primarily MnO.sub.2, in desirable forms and reduced particle sizes.Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate, when added to various water systems in concentrations between 1 mg/L and 500 mg/L also stabilizes soluble iron ion and its reaction products, i.e., primarily Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: Compositions consisting essentially of calcium hypochlorite and a water soluble zinc salt, the compositions containing from about 40 percent to about 99 percent by weight of calcium hypochlorite, provide controlled release of the components for continuous and effective sanitation and algae control to waters treated for use in swimming pools and spas.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the precipitation of calcium carbonate scale from an aqueous system, comprising adding to the aqueous system, a compound having the formula I: ##STR1## in which M is hydrogen or an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or a quaternized amine radical; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Blocks, weighing about 35 lbs., formed of a homogeneous mixture of about 75% gypsum and 25% lime, are strategically placed in surface water that is being damaged by acid rain, where, by timed release of lime, the pH of the water is maintained at about 6.5 pH.

Abstract: A developer concentrate is described which is used by diluting with tap water to give a read-to-use developer for negative-working exposed reproduction layers on a base. The developer concentrate is a mixture which includes water, an organic solvent, an alkali agent, an anionic surfactant, an n-alkanoic acid and/or its salts, an emulsifier, an alkali-metal salt of an oligomeric phosphate and/or of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid as complexing agent and also a tris(hydroxyalkyl) aminomethane as buffering substance. The developer concentrate according to the present invention exhibits, in particular, the advantage that it is stable as a concentrate, i.e., exhibits no phase separations, precipitates or turbidities, etc. . . . , and can be diluted without difficulties to produce the ready-to-use developer. The latter is also stable and exhibits optimum developer properties, in particular for reproduction layers with overcoat.

Abstract: A developer concentrate is described which is used by diluting with tap water to give a ready-to-use developer for negative-working exposed reproduction layers on a base. The developer concentrate is a mixture which includes water, an organic solvent, an alkali agent, an anionic surfactant, an n-alkanoic acid and/or its salts, an emulsifier, a buffering substance and, as a complexing agent, an alkali-metal salt of an oligomeric phosphate and/or of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamino-triacetic acid. The developer concentrate according to the present invention exhibits, in particular, the advantage that it is stable as a concentrate, i.e, exhibits no phase separations, precipitates or turbidities, etc., and can be diluted without difficulties to produce the ready-to-use developer. The latter is also stable and exhibits optimum developer properties.

Abstract: An agent for the treatment of water containing dissolved aluminum comprises a particulate alkali metal or quaternary ammonium silicate, the particles having a coating of a water-insoluble silicate over at least a part of their surface, and a process of treating water which comprises dissolving the agent in the water.

Abstract: A detergent composition comprising a detergent active system, and a hydrotalcite-like material as defined in formula I,M.sub.k+m N.sub.n+p (OH).sub.2 A.sub.2.sup.Y- x. H.sub.2 O IM is any 1+ or 2+ cation or combination thereof;N is any 3+ or 4+ cation or combination thereof;K is the sum of the individual mole fractions of the 1+ cations;m is the sum of the individual mole fractions of the 2+ cations;n is the sum of the individual mole fractions of the 3+ cations;p is the sum of the individual mole fractions of the 4+ cations where either but not both of k and m or n and p can be zero and k+m+n+p=1.such compositons can be effective in removing unwanted colorants from detergent wash liquors thereby reducing colorant transfer in the wash.

Abstract: In a process for the elimination of germs, especially the removal of algae from water by means of water soluble quaternary ammonium compositions a polymeric salt of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 hydrocarbon group,m and n are a number of from 4 to 12 regardless of each other,x is a number of from 10 to 300, andhal is chlorine, bromine, or iodineis added to the water as the quaternary ammonium composition in an amount of more than 0.1 ppm and the process is carried out in the absence of heavy metal ions.