Abstract: An analyte sensor for the continuous or semi-continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. In one aspect, the analyte sensor includes a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer in contact with a surface of an electrode, and an analyte sensing component embedded within the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer. The crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer has methacrylate-derived backbone chains of first methacrylate-derived units, second methacrylate-derived units and third methacrylate-derived units. The first and second methacrylate-derived units have side chains that can be the same or different, and the third methacrylate-derived units in different backbone chains are connected by hydrophilic crosslinks.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for stimulating of the production of hydrocarbons (e.g., formation crude oil and/or formation gas) from subterranean formations are provided. In some embodiments, the compositions are emulsions or microemulsions, which may include water, a terpene, and a surfactant. In some embodiments, methods of selecting a composition for treating an oil or gas well are provided.

Abstract: Stabilized peroxygen containing compositions are disclosed, both in thickened viscous form and in dry form. The compositions contain newly synthesized calcium sulfate crystals that function as a thickener and stabilizing agent against metal-catalyzed decomposition. The invention discloses a composition comprising 0.5 wt % to 50% wt of hydrogen peroxide. 2.0 wt % to 80.0% wt of newly synthesized calcium sulfate crystals, being of individual sheet or needle shape, and water, said composition having a viscosity of 200 cP to 20,000 cP. The invention further provides a process for making same, comprising the reaction of a water soluble calcium containing salt with sulfuric acid or a salt thereof in an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution at a reaction temperature of up to 80 C in a mixing apparatus, followed by a concentration step in order to thicken into a stable viscous dispersion or paste containing at least 2 wt % and preferably 10 wt % to 15 wt % of CaSO4.

Abstract: Active oxygen compounds, such as equilibrium peroxycarboxylic acid compositions are incorporated within an adsorbed outer layer of hydrophobic particulate component that remains undissolved from the active oxygen component. The dry powder compositions containing the active oxygen compounds provide a stable, controlled release composition having various applications of use. Beneficially, the dry powders delivering active oxygen compounds are low or no odor compositions and do not require the use of personal protective equipment for persons handling the compositions.

Abstract: A salt of an acidic chelating agent including an amine functionality, the salt comprising at least 0.25 mole of an alkaline earth metal per mole of acidic protons provided by the chelating agent; wherein the acidic chelating agent is not ethylene diamine disuccinic acid.

Abstract: The present invention concerns bleaching of substrates with an aqueous solution of a water soluble salt of a preformed transition metal catalyst together with hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dipping solution used in a process for producing a siliceous film. The present invention provides a dipping solution and a siliceous film-production process employing the solution. The dipping solution enables to form a homogeneous siliceous film even in concave portions of a substrate having concave portions and convex portions. The substrate is coated with a polysilazane composition, and then dipped in the solution before fire. The dipping solution comprises hydrogen peroxide, a foam-deposit inhibitor, and a solvent.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a water soluble salt of a preformed transition metal catalyst together with hydrogen peroxide is disclosed. The composition is useful in bleaching a variety of substrates.

Abstract: A method is provided for spray bleaching cellulosic fabrics. A bleaching composition comprises a wetter, hydrogen peroxide, a caustic, a stabilizer, an optical brightener, and water. The bleaching composition is sprayed on at least one surface of the cellulosic fabric, subjected to steam to fix the bleaching composition to the fabric, and rinsed to remove any residual bleaching composition.

Abstract: This invention comprises a lightweight, portable chemical combination of reagents for sterilizing or disinfecting objects in the absence of electrical power or fire. The chemical combination includes a chemical oxidant with the capacity to liberate a biocidal intermediate, a chemical reductant of the oxidant with the capacity to react with the oxidant, and an effector to induce a reaction between the oxidant and reductant. In one embodiment, the oxidant comprises chlorite, the reductant comprises sulfite, and the effector comprises ascorbate. In another embodiment, the chemical combination comprises the oxidant, reductant, effector and iron-activated magnesium. When water or water solutions are added to either embodiment, the chemical combination generates heat, steam and a biocidal intermediate that can destroy contaminating microorganisms. In one embodiment, the biocidal intermediate is a halogen-based biocidal intermediate, such as chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A hydrogen peroxide composition comprises hydrogen peroxide, a stabilizer system comprising a colloidal stannate, at least one acidifying agent or a salt thereof selected from the group consisting of sulfur-containing acidifying agents, nitric acid, and mixtures and salts thereof. Optionally, the hydrogen peroxide composition comprises an organic phosphonic acid or a salt thereof, such as amino-phosphonate, and/or a free radical scavenger, such as salicylic acid. A cleaning formulation comprises the hydrogen peroxide composition, a pH adjusting agent, and optionally other additives, such as surfactants. The cleaning formulation may be made by mixing the hydrogen peroxide or a precursor thereof, water, colloidal stannate, and at least one acidifying agent, and optionally, adjusting the pH to achieve an alkaline pH.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a compound comprising an expanded percarbonate salt having less than about 24 wt. % hydrogen peroxide. Also disclosed in this invention is a composition including the above-mentioned compound and a liquid loaded thereon. Further, there is disclosed a method of manufacturing the above-described compound.

Abstract: A highly stabilized hydrogen peroxide useful for chemical sterilization of packaging materials in high-speed aseptic packaging plants.

Abstract: An electroactivated film that includes: a first electrode that is spaced apart from a second electrode, a water insoluble electrically conductive medium which is permeable to moisture and oxygen and which contacts both electrodes, an electrocatalyst which can be reversibly oxidized and reduced and which facilitates the production of a peroxide when an electrical potential is imposed across the electrodes, and optionally a peroxide-activating catalyst which converts the peroxide to an activated peroxide, wherein one or both electrodes have electrocatalyst immobilized thereupon.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process and chemical composition for the removal of adherent niobium-rich second-phase particles (SPPs) from pickled niobium-containing zirconium alloys which includes applying to the alloy surface a chemical composition comprising alkaline hydrogen peroxide; an alkali metal meta-silicate; and a magnesium salt.

Abstract: Layered particles that contain a source of hydrogen peroxide, a binder material, and a bleach activator and a method of improving the stability of a source of hydrogen peroxide. The layered particles can be incorporated into granular detergents.

Abstract: A composition is provided for spray bleaching cellulosic fabrics. The composition comprises a wetter, hydrogen peroxide, a caustic, a stabilizer, an optical brightener, and water. When the composition is sprayed onto the surfaces of the cellulosic fabric, it achieves penetration into the fabric so that a uniform whiteness is achieved throughout the fabric.

Abstract: A laundry detergent composition with a limited number of natural ingredients containing a hydrogen peroxide source, sodium carbonate and a surfactant selected from a fatty alcohol sulfate, alkyl polyglucoside and a lauryl sarcosinate. The laundry composition optionally has a fragrance, colored speckles, builder and enzymes. The laundry detergent composition can be used to clean tough stains on fabrics and cleans as well or better than commercial compositions containing synthetically derived cleaning agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a beverage surfactant composition that includes a surfactant, a phosphonium compound, and a carrier; wherein the beverage surfactant composition exhibits stability as a solution or as a dispersion at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 8° C. The present invention also provides a container or a conveyor for a container having a surface that is at least partially coated with the composition. The present invention also provides a process for lubricating a container that includes contacting at least a portion of a surface of the container and the composition together. The present invention also provides a process for lubricating a conveyor that includes contacting at least a portion of a surface of the conveyor and the composition together.

Abstract: An improved composition for bleaching and washing animal tissue is disclosed. More particularly, organic acids and surfactants are employed along with hydrogen peroxide to achieve higher washing and bleaching efficiency on tripe and other animal tissue. This higher efficiency also results in higher overall yields of the bleached product.

Abstract: Stable oxidizing compositions and a method of preparing such compositions are presented. The compositions include a peroxygen, for example, a potassium monopersulfate or, percarbonate particle suspended in an alcoholic gel. The alcohol content in the gel is such that the peroxygen particle is prevented from coming into contact with water during storage, thereby helping maintain a high available oxygen level. When the alcoholic gel is mixed with water, it becomes less viscous and exposes the peroxygen particle to the water. The peroxygen is ready for use when it dissolves in the water.

Abstract: A microporous diffuser includes a first elongated member including at least one sidewall having a plurality of microscopic openings. The sidewall defines an interior hollow portion of the member. The diffuser has a second elongated member having a second sidewall having a plurality of microscopic openings, the second member being disposed through the hollow region of the first member. The diffuser includes an end cap to seal a first end of the microporous diffuser and an inlet cap disposed at a second end of microporous diffuser for receiving inlet fittings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved dental compositions and methods for bleaching teeth. More specifically, this invention is directed towards hydrogen peroxide-containing compounds that are maintained at a substantially constant pH range of 6.0–10.0 during the tooth-bleaching procedure in the presence of a calcium chelating agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel composition useful as a feed at production of chlorine dioxide, said composition being an aqueous solution comprising from about 1 to about 6.5 moles/liter of alkali metal chlorate, from about 1 to about 7 moles/liter of hydrogen peroxide and at least one of a protective colloid, a radical scavenger or a phosphonic acid based complexing agent, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution is from about 1 to about 4. The invention also concerns a process for producing chlorine dioxide using the novel composition.

Abstract: Formation of solid-water detoxifying reagents for chemical and biological agents. Solutions of detoxifying reagent for chemical and biological agents are coated using small quantities of hydrophobic nanoparticles by vigorous agitation or by aerosolization of the solution in the presence of the hydrophobic nanoparticles to form a solid powder. For example, when hydrophobic fumed silica particles are shaken in the presence of IN oxone solution in approximately a 95:5-weight ratio, a dry powder results. The hydrophobic silica forms a porous coating of insoluble fine particles around the solution. Since the chemical or biological agent tends to be hydrophobic on contact with the weakly encapsulated detoxifying solution, the porous coating breaks down and the detoxifying reagent is delivered directly to the chemical or biological agent for maximum concentration at the point of need.

Abstract: The present invention provides a beverage surfactant composition that includes a surfactant, a phosphonium compound, and a carrier; wherein the beverage surfactant composition exhibits stability as a solution or as a dispersion at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 8° C. The present invention also provides a container or a conveyor for a container having a surface that is at least partially coated with the composition. The present invention also provides a process for lubricating a container that includes contacting at least a portion of a surface of the container and the composition together. The present invention also provides a process for lubricating a conveyor that includes contacting at least a portion of a surface of the conveyor and the composition together. The present invention also provides a method for enhancing stability as a solution or a dispersion of a composition containing a surfactant and a carrier, involving incorporating a phosphonium compound into the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a compound for the prevention of a contamination of raw materials, products, water and/or production means, which compound comprises at least hydrogen peroxide, glycerol and glycol acid, and wherein a mixture of glycerol and glycol acid is added to the hydrogen peroxide. The glycerol and glycol acid are combine and stirred while admixing a stabilizer for peroxide mixtures to form a stable gel-like concentrate, and subsequently when required, the concentrate is added in its entirety to the hydrogen peroxide in a previously determined ratio in order to form the compound.

Abstract: A process for the destruction of vesicants, nerve agents, and related chemical compounds is described. Blister-type chemical agents such as lewisite and mustards, as well as G or V Class nerve agents and phosphorus-containing pesticides, are reacted with a neutralent solution of a persulfate, preferably potassium peroxymonosulfate, and a peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide, at temperatures ranging from ambient to boiling for a time sufficient to reduce the residual agent concentration to levels acceptable for disposal in a routine manner.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the formula (1) M(L)nXm??(1) where M is a metal atom from the group Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, W, L is a ligand from the group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, X is chloride, bromide, nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate, ammonia, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate or an anion of an organic acid having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, n is a number from 2 to 4 and m is a number from 0 to 4, as catalyst for peroxygen compounds, in particular in washing, bleaching and cleaning compositions is claimed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bleach activator particles that are useful in compositions such as detergent compositions. The present invention also encompasses detergent compositions containing such particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for pickling hot rolled, hot rolled & annealed, and cold rolled & annealed stainless steel strip in a continuous fashion. The process comprises a series of pre-pickling tanks and pickling tanks, and optionally includes a scrubber-brush tank, a de-smutting tank, a filtration unit and a heat exchanger.

Abstract: Formation of solid-water detoxifying reagents for chemical and biological agents. Solutions of detoxifying reagent for chemical and biological agents are coated using small quantities of hydrophobic nanoparticles by vigorous agitation or by aerosolization of the solution in the presence of the hydrophobic nanoparticles to form a solid powder. For example, when hydrophobic fumed silica particles are shaken in the presence of IN oxone solution in approximately a 95:5-weight ratio, a dry powder results. The hydrophobic silica forms a porous coating of insoluble fine particles around the solution. Since the chemical or biological agent tends to be hydrophobic on contact with the weakly encapsulated detoxifying solution, the porous coating breaks down and the detoxifying reagent is delivered directly to the chemical or biological agent for maximum concentration at the point of need.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is stabilized by the addition of tri-potassium phosphate. This enhanced product is environmentally friendly and can be used in a variety of odor and disinfection applications without hazard to people, plants and things.

Abstract: The pickling process of the present invention is designed for pickling electrical steel strip in a continuous fashion and comprises at least one pickling tank equipped with at least one set of sprayers designed to spray the top and bottom surfaces of a steel strip with a solution comprised of hydrogen peroxide prior to and/or after the strip is immersed in a solution contained in a pickling tank. The set(s) of sprayers in each of the pickling tanks are located above the level of the pickle bath solution, rather than being located in separate spray tanks. Upon exiting the final pickling tank, the strip is brushed/scrubbed to loosen any residual scale to form a clean strip.

Abstract: The present invention provides a universal decontamination formulation and method for detoxifying chemical warfare agents (CWA's) and biological warfare agents (BWA's) without producing any toxic by-products, as well as, decontaminating surfaces that have come into contact with these agents. The formulation includes a sorbent material or gel, a peroxide source, a peroxide activator, and a compound containing a mixture of KHSO5, KHSO4 and K2SO4. The formulation is self-decontaminating and once dried can easily be wiped from the surface being decontaminated. A method for decontaminating a surface exposed to chemical or biological agents is also disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous gel useful for bleaching teeth comprising: (i) water; (ii) polyacrylic acid thickening agent; (iii) hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent; and (iv) aminocarboxylic acid/salt stabilizing agent. Preferably the polyacrylic acid is an easy to disperse carbomer and the gels contain high concentrations (20 to 40% by weight) of hydrogen peroxide. The gels exhibit room temperature stability, both with respect to gel stability and hydrogen peroxide decomposition, sufficient to eliminate the need for constant refrigeration. A method for using the gels to bleach teeth is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gel composition containing oxidizing agents and thickening or gelling agents is used to detoxify chemical and biological agents by application directly to a contaminated area. The gelling agent is a colloidal material, such as silica, alumina, or alumino-silicate clays, which forms a viscous gel that does not flow when applied to tilted or contoured surfaces. Aqueous or organic solutions of oxidizing agents can be readily gelled with less than about 30% colloidal material. Gel preparation is simple and suitable for field implementation, as the gels can be prepared at the site of decontamination and applied quickly and uniformly over an area by a sprayer. After decontamination, the residue can be washed away or vacuumed up for disposal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel composition useful as a feed at production of chlorine dioxide, said composition being an aqueous solution comprising from about 1 to about 6.5 moles/liter of alkali metal chlorate, from about 1 to about 7 moles/liter of hydrogen peroxide and at least one of a protective colloid, a radical scavenger or a phosphonic acid based complexing agent, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution is from about 1 to about 4.

Abstract: Phosphomolybdic acid and partial alkali salts of phosphomolybdic acid are used as stabilizers for aqueous hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A wet spray cleaning process for removing thick organic layers including hardened photoresist from the surface of silicon wafers yields low residual particle counts for photoresist thicknesses up to 3 microns, and maintains low residual particle density for oxide-covered wafer regions. The cleaning process uses multiple cycles of SPM/DI/APM/DI, without an intervening drying step therebetween.

Abstract: Complexes of the transition metals cobalt, iron, copper, and ruthenium having at least one and preferably at least five ammonia ligands are used to activate peroxygen compounds in aqueous cleaning solutions for hard surfaces. Compositions preferably contain 0.0025% to 0.25 by weight of the activating complex.

Abstract: A basic hydrogen peroxide composition is described, wherein the basic hydrogen peroxide is formed by mixing aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a mole ratio such that the resulting basic hydrogen peroxide composition does not crystallize when maintained at a temperature down to −21° C. The basic hydrogen peroxide composition is especially suitable for use with chemical oxygen iodine laser systems. The mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to potassium hydroxide corresponds to a composition represented by at least one location within a triangular region on a triangular phase diagram which is substantially bounded by the shortest line having coordinates (26.4, 16.0, 57.6), (62.3, 37.7, 0.0), and (46.8, 53.2, 0.0), wherein these coordinates correspond to the respective weight percentages of potassium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and water.

Abstract: Aqueous acidic solutions of hydrogen peroxide used for metal surface treatments suffer from an increased decomposition rate of the hydrogen peroxide, caused by the dissolved metals such as iron, copper or titanium. A method is provided wherein stabilization can be achieved by employing a combination of a) a hydroxybenzoic acid, preferably p-hydroxybenzoic acid; b) a hydrotropic sulphonic acid, preferably p-toluene sulphonic acid; and c) a hydrophobic alkaryl sulphonic acid, preferably dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid.