Abstract: A method of starting up an autothermal reactor for the production of synthesis gas by reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feed gases in a reaction chamber in which oxidation reactions and reforming reactions are carried out, by feeding a hydrocarbon containing feed gas, steam and an oxidant.

Abstract: Systems and methods for thermally decomposing hydrocarbon feedstock may comprise a hydrocarbon feedstock, a non-oxidizing carrier gas, one or more heat exchangers, and a reaction chamber. The carrier gas may be used to transfer heat to the hydrocarbon feedstock. The heat exchanger(s) may be configured to heat the carrier gas. And the reaction chamber may be configured to receive hydrocarbon feedstock and heated carrier gas. Inside the reaction chamber, the hydrocarbon feedstock and the heated carrier gas may mix with one another causing the thermal decomposition reaction. The thermal decomposition reaction occurs in a substantially oxidant-free environment thereby eliminating or greatly reducing the production of carbon oxide byproducts. Hydrogen gas may be separated from a gaseous product stream that is thereafter collected from the reaction chamber. A portion of the gaseous product stream may be thermally coupled to the carrier gas and may thereafter be recycled through the system.

Abstract: An integrated drying gasification system comprises a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous fuel to produce hot product gas and an entrained flow dryer which receives the hot product gas to dry the carbonaceous fuel prior to gasification. At least one inlet to the gasifier communicates one or more additional gases from the system, such as recycled syngas, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide, to the gasifier to generate an increased hot product gas mass flow rate from the gasifier. The system may comprise a plurality of lock hopper systems coupled to the entrained flow dryer. At least one intermediate storage vessel may be provided in one or more feed legs to the gasifier maintain a constant supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier for a temporary period independently of carbonaceous fuel supplied to the entrained flow dryer.

Abstract: A shift conversion catalyst layer is divided into at least two front and back stages. A first catalyst and a second catalyst are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side, respectively. The first catalyst has a property that a carbon monoxide conversion rate decreases with an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in a supplied reaction gas at a constant carbon monoxide concentration in the supplied reaction gas and a constant reaction temperature. The first catalyst is combined with the second catalyst such that the degree of decrease in carbon monoxide conversion rate with respect to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the supplied reaction gas in the second catalyst is lower than that in the first catalyst. Whereby, the conversion rate of a carbon monoxide concentration of a carbon monoxide shift conversion apparatus can be improved without increasing the used amount of a shift conversion catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating a raw product stream (raw synthesis gas/raw syngas) generated by underground coal gasification (UCG). In one aspect, the invention concerns a method and apparatus for cooling and initial cleaning of raw syngas gas, so that the treated UCG product stream is suitable for downstream applications such as for energy or chemical production. In another aspect, the invention concerns a method and apparatus for isolating, treating and handling a raw UCG product stream that is generated either when igniting or decommissioning an underground coal gasifier and, due to its consistency, is generally unsuitable for energy or chemical production.

Abstract: Reforming of a gasification gas is performed by supplying both a tar-containing gasification gas and oxygen to a reforming furnace and burning a part of the gasification gas to heat an inside of the reforming furnace to a target reforming temperature required for reforming. Oxygen 9 and a first stage gasification gas 3a are supplied to a reforming furnace at an end of the furnace in amounts so as to attain the target reforming temperature required for reforming by combustion of the gasification gas with the oxygen to form a heating zone A in the reforming furnace 1. The remaining gasification gas is supplied as second stage gasification gas 3b to a vicinity downstream of the heating zone A in the reforming furnace 1 to form a reforming zone B.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of synthesis gas by partial oxidation of liquid or gaseous, carbonaceous fuel in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidant, wherein the fuel, the oxidant and a moderator are separately supplied to a burner and wherein the fuel and the moderator are mixed in a mixing chamber of the burner, before they are brought in contact with the oxidant. To reduce the load of the burner in particular during operation with transient conditions, the oxidant is centrally introduced through an outlet opening of the burner into a combustion chamber and the mixture of fuel and moderator is introduced through the outlet opening into the combustion chamber concentrically around the oxidant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Fe-modified perovskite-type catalyst, a method for preparing same and a method for preparing a synthesis gas by a combined reforming reaction using same. More particularly, it relates to a catalyst for a combined natural gas/steam/carbon dioxide reforming reaction having a perovskite structure with La and Sr introduced at the A site and Ni and Fe introduced at the B site with specific molar ratios and a method for producing a synthesis gas for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or methanol synthesis using the catalyst by the combined reforming reaction. The catalyst of the present invention exhibits higher carbon dioxide conversion rate, significantly reduced catalyst deactivation caused by carbon deposition and improved long-term catalyst stability and activity, as compared to the existing catalyst for reforming reaction prepared by the impregnation method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coke resistant catalyst and process for sequestration of carbon dioxide via reforming of methane to synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H2). The process provides a direct single step selective vapour phase carbon dioxide reforming of methane to syngas over gadolinium promoted mesoporous Ni-ZSM catalyst. The process provides almost 11-95% conversion of methane with H2 to CO ratio of 0.82 to 1.

Abstract: The invention provides a process that comminutes fuel solids in a steam-driven shear field, with controlled water content and optionally a catalyst, with gasification of the free-standing or slurry particulate outputs. Unlike conventional gasification methods the invention requires no dioxygen to be present, and produces dry friable ash that has significant marketable value as a material in its own right.

Abstract: A mixed oxide catalyst includes a support material selected from the group comprising aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, and mixtures of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and titanium oxide, and a catalyst active component comprising cobalt oxide and molybdenum oxide. The catalyst active component is nanodispersed in the support material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst support for steam carbon dioxide reforming reaction utilizing the advantages of superior thermal conductivity and thermal dispersion of a metal foam support and a large specific surface area of a carrier material, which allows selective control of coating amount and the thickness of a support layer and prevents cracking on the support surface, using both the sol-gel method and the slurry method that have been used for coating of a metal foam support.

Abstract: Ion transport membrane oxidation system comprising (a) two or more membrane oxidation stages, each stage comprising a reactant zone, an oxidant zone, one or more ion transport membranes separating the reactant zone from the oxidant zone, a reactant gas inlet region, a reactant gas outlet region, an oxidant gas inlet region, and an oxidant gas outlet region; (b) an interstage reactant gas flow path disposed between each pair of membrane oxidation stages and adapted to place the reactant gas outlet region of a first stage of the pair in flow communication with the reactant gas inlet region of a second stage of the pair; and (c) one or more reactant interstage feed gas lines, each line being in flow communication with any interstage reactant gas flow path or with the reactant zone of any membrane oxidation stage receiving interstage reactant gas.

Abstract: Improved biomass-gasification methods and apparatus are described, for cooling hot syngas without relying on recycling cool syngas. In some variations, methods are provided for producing cooled syngas from a carbon-containing feedstock, comprising: gasifying the feedstock; feeding hot gas along with liquid water to a cooling device to accomplish humidification, thereby reducing the temperature (but not the enthalpy) of the hot gas; and then feeding the stream to a waste-heat recovery unit to recover energy and produce cool syngas. The invented methods and apparatus can prevent fouling of waste-heat recovery units. Additionally, these methods allow for effective management of tars produced during biomass gasification as well as improved water management.

Abstract: A method for purification and conditioning of crude syngas based on properties of molten salts, includes removing particles at a high-temperature by enabling the high-temperature crude syngas produced by a gasification device to firstly pass through a high-temperature particle removal device to remove solid particles in the gas; removing hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen by introducing an oxidant into the crude syngas after treatment, selectively removing the hydrocarbons in the crude syngas and simultaneously utilizing high temperature produced by oxidation of the hydrocarbons to crack tar; and removing gas pollutants and conditioning by introducing the obtained crude syngas into molten salts medium, removing pollutants containing sulfur and chlorine in the crude syngas, and simultaneously adjusting the H2/CO ratio of the syngas to obtain purified syngas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of synthesis gas by the use of autothermal reforming in which tail gas from downstream Fischer-Tropsh synthesis is hydrogenated and then added to the autothermal reforming stage.

Abstract: A method for deep desulfurization of synthesis gas comprising introducing carbonaceous material and optionally steam into a gasifier comprising a heat transfer media, extracting a first heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media and optionally unconverted carbonaceous material from the gasifier, and introducing at least a portion of the first heat transfer stream into a combustor, introducing oxidant and optionally a fuel into the combustor, extracting a second heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media from the combustor, and introducing at least a portion of the second heat transfer stream into the gasifier, introducing a compound capable of reacting with sulfur to produce sulfate, sulfide or both, extracting a purge stream comprising ash, sulfate, halide, or a combination thereof from the second heat transfer stream, extracting a flue gas from the combustor, and extracting a gasifier product synthesis gas stream comprising less than 1000 ppm sulfur from the gasifier.

Abstract: An improved OXO process with converted waste oil recycle includes: (a) hydroformylating an olefin with synthesis gas in a reactor to produce an OXO product as well as by-product waste oil, the by-product waste oil having a lower or higher boiling temperature than said OXO product; (b) separating OXO product from the by-product waste oil; (c) converting separated waste oil to synthesis gas; and (d) recycling the synthesis gas produced in step (c) to the reactor of step (a).

Abstract: A cost-effective solution for the disposal of solvent deasphalting process bottoms that include spent solid adsorbent material containing ash-producing constituents, asphalt and process reject materials is provided by introducing them in the form of a flowable slurry into a membrane wall gasification reactor to produce a synthesis gas and, optionally, subjecting the synthesis gas to a water-gas shift reaction to produce a more hydrogen-rich product stream; process steam and electricity are produced by recovering the sensible heat values from the hot synthesis gas.

Abstract: A method for the coproduction of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen using an ion transport membrane is provided. This method includes separating a compressed, hot air stream in an ion transport membrane, thereby producing a product oxygen stream and a hot nitrogen rich stream; utilizing at least a portion of the hot nitrogen rich stream as a heat source for reforming a hydrocarbons stream, thereby producing a syngas stream and a warm product nitrogen stream; and separating the syngas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a carbon dioxide rich stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing chlorosilanes of the general formula H4-nSiCln with n=1, 2, 3, and/or 4, the process being characterized in that silicon in a silicon bed is reacted with Cl2 or HCl and with at least one silicon-containing compound in a reactor.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthesis gas with reduced carbon dioxide foot-print via recycling of carbon dioxide produced in the process to the burners of the steam reformer.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing synthesis gas without CO2 emissions. In the method for producing synthesis gas by reforming a hydrocarbon gas, a reforming reaction is caused by supplying a light hydrocarbon gas containing steam and/or carbon dioxide added thereto to a catalyst-filled tube side of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger-type reformer and circulating a heating medium, such as a molten salt, heated by a heat source such as solar heat or nuclear heat in a shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger-type reformer. Carbon dioxide is removed from a produced gas discharged from the tube side and is supplied to the upstream side of the tube side and recycled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing synthetic gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an oxidant within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled within a cooler to provide a cooled syngas. The cooled syngas can be processed within a purification system to provide a treated syngas. The purification system can include a saturator adapted to increase a moisture content of the cooled syngas. The treated syngas and a first heat transfer medium can be introduced to a methanator to provide a synthetic gas, a second heat transfer medium, and a methanation condensate. At least a portion of the methanation condensate can be recycled from the methanator to the saturator.

Abstract: A process for producing a H2-containing product gas and purified water from an integrated catalytic steam-hydrocarbon reforming and thermal water purification process. Raw water, such as salt water, is heated by indirect heat transfer with reformate from the catalytic steam reforming process for purifying raw water in one of a multiple effect distillation process and a multi-stage flash process.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of operating a slagging gasifier using a carbon feedstock having a relatively high V2O5 to SiO2 ratio, such as petcoke. The disclosure generates a combined chemical composition in the feed mixture having less than 25 wt. % SiO2, greater than 20 wt. % V2O5, and greater than 20 wt. % CaO. The method takes advantage of a novel recognition that increased levels of SiO2 tend to decrease dissolution of the V2O3 which forms under the reducing conditions of the gasifier, and utilizes the CaO additive to establish a chemical phase equilibria comprised of lower melting compounds. The method further provides for control based on the presence of Al2O3 and FeO, and provides for a total combined chemical composition of greater than about 5 wt. % MgO for use with refractory linings comprised of MgO based refractory brick.

Abstract: Core-shell nanoparticulate compositions and methods for making the same are disclosed. In some embodiments core-shell nanoparticulate compositions comprise transition metal core encapsulated by metal oxide shell. Methods of catalysis comprising core-shell nanoparticulate compositions of the invention are disclosed. Compositions comprising core-shell nanoparticles displayed on a metal-oxide support and methods for preparing the same are also disclosed. In some embodiments compositions comprise core-shell nanoparticles displayed as a substantially single layer superposed on a metal oxide support. Methods of catalysis employing the supported core-shell nanoparticles are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of a syngas mixture by catalytic partial oxidation. The syngas mixture is suitable as an intermediate in the production of hydrogen. According to the invention, the syngas is cooled, prior to a water gas shift reaction, with liquid water. This has the advantage of avoiding the problem of metal dusting, and it presents a gas mixture comprising water vapor that is particularly suitable for a water gas shift reaction in the production of hydrogen.

Abstract: A process to prepare a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing between 0.1 and 4 wt % ash comprises performing a partial oxidation on a hydrocarbon feed using a multi-orifice burner provided with an arrangement of separate co-annular passages, wherein the hydrocarbon flows through a passage of the burner, an oxidizer gas flows through a separate passage of the burner and wherein the passage for hydrocarbon feed and the passage for oxidizer gas are separated by a passage through which a moderator gas flows and wherein the exit velocity of the moderator gas is greater than the exit velocity of the oxidizer gas.

Abstract: A method of increasing the hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H2/CO) ratio in a syngas stream derived from a carbonaceous fuel including coal, brown coal, peat, and heavy residual oil fractions, preferably coal. The fuel-derived syngas stream is divided into at least two sub-streams, one of which undergoes a catalytic water shift conversion reaction. The so-obtained converted sub-stream is combined with the non-converted sub-stream(s) to form a second syngas stream with an increased H2/CO ratio. The method of the present invention can provide a syngas with a H2/CO ratio more suitable for efficient hydrocarbon synthesis carried out on a given catalyst, such as in one or more Fischer-Tropsch reactors, as well as being able to accommodate variation in the H2/CO ratio of syngas formed from different qualities of feedstock fuels.

Abstract: A multi-tubular steam reformer is disclosed, which comprises a steam reforming zone heated by an external heat source and contains a plurality of parallel steam reforming tubes (each comprising a gas supply inlet); a fixed bed of steam reforming catalyst; and a solid, inert insert having an upstream end and a downstream end and is placed in the tube downstream of the gas supply inlet and upstream of the catalyst bed The insert has a tortuous free fluid flow path and the upstream end of the catalyst bed is adjacent to the downstream end of the insert. The ratio of the length of the insert and the length of the catalyst bed is in the range of from 0.05 to 0.5. The invention further relates to a process for catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock comprising an oxygenated hydrocarbonaceous compound in such multi-tubular steam reformer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the entire hydrocarbon feed is passed through a radiant furnace, heat exchanger reformer and autothermal reformer in a series arrangement, in which effluent gas from the autothermal reformer is used as heat source for the reforming reactions occurring in the heat exchange reformer and wherein a cooling medium is added to the heat exchange reformer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst which is used to obtain hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich gas that is suitable for use in fuel cells or other applications from bioethanol and/or ethanol, comprising a support, a promoter agent and an active phase which is incorporated into the support, said catalyst taking the form of a calcinated solid in which the support comprises at least one oxide with high surface mobility and is modified with the promoter agent. According to the invention, the promoter agent comprises at least one oxide of a rare earth that is selected from the lanthanide group and the active phase comprises at least one oxide of a transition metal from group VIII or IB.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating system and a method of in situ hydrogen generation controlled on demand capable of reacting an aluminum-free metal reagent composed of at least one of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alkali metal alloys and blends including alkali metals, alkaline earth metal alloys and blends including alkaline earth metals and metal alloys including at least one alkali metal and at least one alkaline earth metal, with water to obtain hydrogen and a residual reaction product including metal hydroxide composed of at least one of alkali hydroxides and alkaline earth hydroxide; and separating hydrogen from the residual reaction product; liquefying the metal reagent by heating to obtain liquid metal reagent under vacuum conditions; injecting the liquid metal reagent into a reactor by metal reagent injecting means and simultaneously injecting, by water injection system, a stoichiometric amount of water with respect to the amount of the liquid metal reagent being injected into the reactor such that a co

Abstract: A process for obtaining petrochemical products from a carbonaceous feedstock is provided. The carbonaceous feedstock may be coal, coke, lignite, biomass, bitumen and the like. The carbonaceous feedstock is pulverized and fed to a pyrolysis reactor where the feedstock is pyrolyzed at 700-1000° C. at a pressure of 2-25 bar for 2-10 seconds, wherein the feedstock is entrained in hot syngas during the pyrolysis process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for NiPt nanoparticles, compositions and supports including NiPt nanoparticles, methods of making NiPt nanoparticles, methods of supporting NiPt nanoparticles, methods of using NiPt nanoparticles, and the like.

Abstract: A process for preparing and converting synthesis gas, which has a plurality of different operating states which consist essentially of mutually alternating (i) daytime operation and (ii) nighttime operation, daytime operation (i) comprising principally dry reforming and steam reforming with supply of renewable energy, and nighttime operation (ii) comprising principally the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, and the synthesis gas produced being used to produce products of value.

Abstract: A system and process for modulating the carbon content of ash produced by a biomass gasification process, for example, to selected levels chosen by an operator, through the controlled injection of steam and controlled introduction of warm air during processing of a biomass feedstock. The system and process include delivering a carbon-containing biomass feedstock to a gasification reactor and producing a syngas and an ash from the biomass feedstock, and regulating the carbon content of the ash between a level at which carbon not present in the ash and a second level at which carbon is present in the ash. The regulating step entails selectively decreasing the moisture level of the biomass feedstock prior to the biomass feedstock being delivered to the gasification reactor and thereby increasing the carbon content of the ash, or increasing a moisture level of a mixture of the biomass feedstock, ash and gases within the gasification reactor and thereby decrease the carbon content of the ash.

Abstract: A gasification furnace (110) of a circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace (100) forms a fluid medium into a fluid bed, and produces gasified gas by gasifying an input gasification raw material using heat from the fluid medium. A combustion furnace (102) heats the fluid medium output from the gasification furnace. A flow rate adjuster (106) distributes the fluid medium heated in the combustion furnace to the gasification furnace and a buffer section (112). In this manner, irrespective of the flow rate of the fluid medium in the entire circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace (100), the buffer section (112) enables the fluid medium to bypass to the combustion furnace. As a result, the flow rate of the fluid medium in the gasification furnace (110) can be maintained at a desired flow rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to processes for preparing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks of a particle size suitable for reaction in a fluidized-bed reactor and certain other gasification reactors and, in particular, for coal gasification and combustion applications. The present invention also relates to integrated coal gasification and combustion processes including preparing and utilizing such agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to processes for preparing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks of a particle size suitable for reaction in certain gasification reactors and, in particular, for coal gasification. The present invention also relates to integrated coal gasification processes including preparing and utilizing such agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks.

Abstract: The production of gasses and, more particularly, to systems and methods for the production of syngas and fuel gasses including the production of hydrogen are set forth. In one embodiment system and method includes a reactor having a molten pool of a material comprising sodium carbonate. A supply of conditioned water is in communication with the reactor. A supply of carbon containing material is also in communication with the reactor. In one particular embodiment, the carbon containing material may include vacuum residuum (VR). The water and VR may be kept at desired temperatures and pressures compatible with the process that is to take place in the reactor. When introduced into the reactor, the water, the VR and the molten pool may be homogenously mixed in an environment in which chemical reactions take place including the production of hydrogen and other gasses.

Abstract: A process for the production of syngas and hydrogen starting from liquid hydrocarbons, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or oxygenated compounds, also deriving from biomasses, and mixtures thereof, envisages recourse to a membrane reactor in an architecture that uses a succession of reaction and separation stages. The process includes a section for pre-heating the reagents, a number of sections for short-contact-time catalytic partial oxidation for producing syngas and hydrogen in a number of stages followed by separation of hydrogen produced via membranes, a thermal-recovery section, a section for removing produced carbon dioxide, and a section for cooling and removing condensate. Optionally, the process includes a section for purifying obtained hydrogen via pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) and generating purge gas with medium calorific value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for catalytic steam reforming of a feedstock comprising an oxygenated hydrocarbon and a hydrocarbon, wherein during a first period of time the oxygenated hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon and steam are supplied to an externally heated steam reforming catalyst under steam reforming conditions to produce synthesis gas and to obtain deactivated steam reforming catalyst and wherein during a second period of time, consecutive to the first period of time, the deactivated reforming catalyst is regenerated under steam reforming operating conditions by stopping the supply of the oxygenated hydrocarbon whilst maintaining the supply of the hydrocarbon and steam.

Abstract: A process for the liquefaction of carbonaceous material is described that utilizes a single liquefaction reactor that accepts mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas) at any ratio and which provides for a water gas shift reaction and a hydrogenation reaction of the carbonaceous material to provide a desired hydrocarbon. The process avoids the use of a separate reactor for the water gas shift reaction and applies to carbonaceous material such as any type of coal and/or biomass containing plant and/or animal matter for conversion to a synthetic fuel.

Abstract: Process to prepare a hydrogen rich gas mixture from a halogen containing gas mixture comprising hydrogen and at least 50 vol. % carbon monoxide, on a dry basis, by contacting the halogen containing gas mixture with water having a temperature of between 150 and 250° C. to obtain a gas mixture poor in halogen and having a steam to carbon monoxide molar ratio of between 0.2:1 and 0.9:1 and subjecting said gas mixture poor in halogen to a water gas shift reaction wherein part or all of the carbon monoxide is converted with the steam to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst as present in one fixed bed reactor or in a series of more than one fixed bed reactors and wherein the temperature of the gas mixture as it enters the reactor or reactors is between 190 and 230° C.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for making ammonia from biomass. The biomass may be first reacted with oxygen and steam to generate a biosyngas comprising hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) as the active components. The gasification step may be regulated to reduce the amount of methane in the biosyngas that may leave the gasifier.

Abstract: A metal oxide-supported nickel catalyst includes a matrix containing a metal oxide and catalytic sites distributed throughout the matrix and having an intricate interface with the matrix, in which the catalytic sites are selected from the group consisting of nano-nickel(0) domains and nano-nickel(0)-A(0) alloy domains. Also disclosed are a method for preparing this catalyst and a method for using it to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen by partial oxidation of a C1-C5 hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A syngas stream composition comprising on a dry basis up to about 50,000 mg/Nm3 particulates; 5-39 vol % H2; 5-39 vol % CO; 15-50 vol % CO2; 8-30 vol % N2, 0-2 vol % Argon; and 15-50 vol % moisture on a wet basis. The stream includes a H2/CO ratio that is about 0.3-2 and at least 15 wt % of particulates have an aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 1 micron. A gasified waste stream and a method for forming a gasified waste stream are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing synthetic crude oil from a heavy crude reservoir, comprising: (a) extracting the heavy crude oil using a steam technology; (b) separating the crude extracted and the water; (c) separating the crude into at least one light cut and one heavy cut; (d) converting said heavy cut to a lighter product and a residue; (e) optionally, partially or totally hydroprocessing the converted product and/or the light cut(s) obtained upon separation (c); (f) burning and/or gasifying the conversion residue in the presence of metal oxides in at least one chemical looping cycle producing CO2-concentrated fumes in order to allow CO2 capture, the optionally hydroprocessed converted product and light separation cut(s) making up the synthetic crude oil, said combustion allowing to generate steam and/or electricity, and said gasification allowing to generate hydrogen, the steam and/or the electricity thus generated being used for extraction (a), and/or the electricity and/or the hy