Abstract: A method of sterilizing an intraocular lens formed of a cross-linked polymer, wherein the intraocular lens is accommodated in a sealed container which permits transmission of an electron beam therethrough but inhibits entry of microorganisms thereinto, and the intraocular lens is irradiated with the electron beam, for sterilization of the intraocular lens accommodated in the container.

Abstract: Liquids, such as petroleum fuels, are tagged with chemical compounds having a light-absorbing identifying chemical moiety and at least one polymerizable chemical moiety. The marker is identified in a specimen of the liquid by polymerizing the marker compound, generally along with additional co-polymerizable material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thin layer of UV absorbing material, and a method of making such material by grinding UV absorbing glass into fine powder which can be suspended in a liquid matrix, for example, in index matching oil, thereby producing a transparent liquid which can be used to coat any material to impart UV absorption to such material.

Abstract: This invention provides an aggregate of a compound capable of forming helical structures such that the aggregate is capable of achieving a specific rotation of at least 100,000.degree. for plane polarized light having a wavelength of 589 nm.

Abstract: Polymer systems having reversibly temperature-dependent radiation transmission which are crosslinked with radiation induction, a process for their production, and their use for reversibly temperature-dependent control of the radiation transmission of glazing systems and solar-energy devices.

Abstract: Describes polymerizable organic compositions of a major amount of a first monomer component which is a polyol(allyl carbonate), e.g., diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), and from about 2 to 35 weight percent of a second monomer component which is an alkoxylated bisphenol (or hydrogenated bisphenol) having acrylate or methacrylate groups, e.g., dimethacrylate of bisphenol A having 25 to 35 ethoxy units. Substantially completely cured polymerizates prepared from such compositions may be used to prepare photochromic articles, e.g., lenses, by incorporating a photochromic substance, e.g., by thermal transfer, into the polymerizate.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I according to claim 1 are excellently suitable as UV absorbers for use in cosmetic products, in particular sunscreen compositions, daytime care products and hair care products. They are furthermore suitable for protection of products.

Abstract: Bubbles are formed for entertainment and decorative purposes utilizing a liquid solution that includes a sufficient amount of a surface active agent to form the bubbles and a sufficient amount of a flourescent agent to provide illumination of the bubbles when viewed in the dark and under an external source of invisible ultraviolet or infrared radiation, such as a black light. The bubble solution is a pre-mixed, non-toxic solution that includes the surface active agent, or soap, to provide formation of the bubble and a flourescent agent such as Radiant.RTM. flourescent pigment dispersions to react to the illumination under the external source of invisible ultraviolet or infrared radiation such as a black light. Alternatively, the solution may be spread on a surface in decorative designs to be illuminated with the black light.

Abstract: A process for producing a polythiol oligomer having disulfide linkages by reacting polythiol (with the functionality of two or above) with sulfur in a molar ratio of m to (m-1) (where m is an integer of 2 to 21) in the presence of a basic catalyst, whereby the oligomers produced have a degree of oligomerization of m (wherein m is defined as above). Specifically disclosed is a process for reacting 2,5-dimercaptomethyl-1,4-dithiane (DMMD) with sulfur in a molar ratio 2:1 or 3:2 in the presence of a basic catalyst, thereby producing an oligomer represented by the below formula: ##STR1## (wherein n is an integer of up to 21). Also disclosed are optical polymers made with the oligomer and optical materials and devices made with the polymer.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion comprising at least one of the UV absorbing compounds of the following formulae I, II or III as below defined: A--B (I); A--C--A (II); or B--A--B (III); wherein in Formula (I) and (II) ##STR1## and in Formula III, A is ##STR2## Y being a direct bond, a substitute C.sub.1-4 alkylene group, ##STR3## and R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 independently of each other are hydrogen; C.sub.4-4 alkyl, the alkyl optionally being substituted; aryl; heterocyclyl; or any two of R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 which are adjacent, together form part of a ring, with the proviso that no more than four of R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 are hydrogen.

Abstract: A lens for eyeglasses and a molded synthetic resin for light transmitting filters are disclosed, which can reduce the glare of light and can provide a clear color sense, while retaining the lightness in the field of vision. The lens for eyeglasses and the molded synthetic resin for light transmitting filter are made of a synthetic resin base material comprising an organic dye with an absorption maximum in the vicinity of the central wavelength on the standard relative visibility curve, as well as an ultraviolet light absorbing agent and a blue light absorbing agent, the base material having a transmittance minimum in the range of wavelength extending from 550 to 585 nm on the transmittance curve, the transmittance of light at the transmittance minimum being not greater than 25%, the average transmittance of light over the range of wavelength extending from 590 to 660 nm being not less than 15%, and the average transmittance over the range of wavelength extending from 470 to 550 nm being not less than 10%.

Abstract: This invention relates to homopolyester compositions having fluorescence quenchers polymerized therein ("poly quenchers"). Specifically the "poly quencher" polymeric compositions comprises repeating units from(a) a dicarboxylic acid component and(b) a diol component, wherein at least one of (a) and (b) is comprised of at least one fluorescence polyquencher capable of reducing fluorescence of a polymer below the fluorescence displayed when said polyquencher is not included.

Abstract: The invention relates to non-linear optically active (NLO) polycarbonates and to NLO active waveguides containing these polycarbonates. Waveguides containing these NLO polycarbonates have a low loss of signal, a high glass transition temperature and good polability and a high stability of the Pockel's coefficient.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic thin film device having an organic thin film consisting of a mixed-stacked charge-transfer complex, wherein the organic thin film contains n species of donor molecule D.sub.1 . . . D.sub.n and m species of acceptor molecule A.sub.1 . . . A.sub.m and forms mixed crystal represented by (D.sub.1).sub.x1 . . . (D.sub.n).sub.xn -(A.sub.1).sub.y1 . . . (A.sub.m).sub.ym and the combinations of a donor molecule and an acceptor molecule consist of a group forming ionic complex crystal and a group forming neutral complex crystal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an immersion oil for microscopy. The immersion oil includes an ester or ether with tricyclodecane structure as a main constituent and one or more high-boiling liquids as minor constituents. The immersion oil is free of halogens and exhibits a high UV-transmissibility and is characterized by low intrinsic fluorescence because the components utilized can be vacuum distilled.

Abstract: Describes polymerizable organic compositions of from about 30 to 95 weight percent of a first monomer component which is an alkoxylated diol, e.g., alkoxylated bisphenol, having acrylate or methacrylate groups, i.e., dimethacrylate of bisphenol A having an average of 1 to 4 ethoxy units, and from about 5 to 70 weight percent of a second monomer component which is an alkoxylated diol, e.g., alkoxylated bisphenol, having acrylate or methacrylate groups, i.e., dimethacrylate of bisphenol A having 25 to 70 ethoxy units. Optionally there may also be present from about 0 to 65 weight percent of at least one monomer component which is selected from: (i) a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer that is polymerizable by free radical initiation; (ii) a bis?(meth)acryloyl-terminated!polyethylene glycol monomer; and (iii) a monomer having at least three terminal ethylenically-unsaturated groups. Substantially completely cured polymerizates prepared from such compositions may be used to prepare photochromic articles, e.g.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-absorbing polymer film consists of a polymer and ultraviolet absorbers contained therein. The ultraviolet absorbers are composed of a compound having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with phenyl, each of R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represents hydrogen, phenyl or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and each of X and Y represents cyano, --COOR, --CONHR, COR, --SO.sub.2 R or --SO.sub.2 NHR (R represents hydrogen, alkyl or aryl), or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are linked each other to form a 5 or 6-membered ring; and at least one other compound capable of abosorbing light in a portion of ultraviolet region in which the ultraviolet absorber of the formula (I) cannot absorb.

Abstract: An ultraviolet absorber comprising, as an effective component, a benzotriazole compound represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl. The ultraviolet absorber undergoes minimal sublimation, has excellent thermal resistance, provides satisfactory light fastness for materials made of polyester-based synthetic fibers, particularly cation-dyeable polyester-based fibers, and is also inexpensive, generates few by-products and is easy to produce industrially.

Abstract: Novel water soluble dyes of the formula I are provided ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydrogen; or R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 or R.sup.2 -R.sup.4 form part of aliphatic heterocyclic rings; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or joined with R.sup.1 or R.sup.4 as described above; R.sup.3 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --SO.sub.3.sup.-, where m is 1 to 6;X is N, CH or ##STR2## where Y is 2 --SO.sub.3.sup.- ; Z is 3, 4, 5 or 6 --SO.sub.3.sup.-. The novel dyes are particularly useful as the active media in water solution dye lasers.

Abstract: Present invention provides ionic spiropyran compounds having a C10-C22 alkyl group or groups at the 1'- and/or 8-positions of 3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro?2H-1-benzopyran-2',2'-indoline! and a composite material made by conjugating the said ionic spiropyrans with clay mineral, the said composite material being capable of forming a transparent thin film which is photo-interconvertible between the said spiropyrans and the corresponding merocyanines.

Abstract: An anti-reflective coating composition comprising a polyimide dissolved in an organic solvent is used to form an anti-reflective coating beneath a chemical amplification type resist layer. The composition allows a fine resist pattern to be formed with high accuracy in a convenient, efficient, reproducible manner.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions, which comprise an aprotic polar solvent, at least one electrochromic compound, and a compound of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is, for example, tert-butyl, and R.sub.2 is, for example, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --COO--R.sub.7 --, where R.sub.7 is n-butyl or n-pentyl. Among embodiments of the invention are compositions used as media of variable transmittance in electrochromic devices, especially single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic devices. The compounds of Formula I have increased solubility in aprotic polar solvents used in electrochromic devices and are effective in stabilizing compositions, which comprise at least one electrochromic compound and are useful as media of variable transmittance in electrochromic devices, against degradation due to exposure to UV-radiation.

Abstract: An erasable optical memory is provided by an erasable bistable photoactive chromophore that is covalently bonded to a polymer microsphere. An azobenzene chromophore that is bonded to the microsphere by an oxygen or NH replacement of chlorine, or a CH double bond to N, is preferred. An array of such microspheres is encoded by applying radiation at a resonant wavelength to induce a conformational change in the chromophores for selected microspheres, and the encoded pattern is read out by detecting changes in either absorption or fluorescence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a UVA protective eyeshield that includes a transparent substrate having dispersed therein an effective amount of 1-di-n-hexylamino-4,4-dicyanobutadiene.

Abstract: A compound having nonlinear optical properties of the general formula:Ar.sup.1 CR.sup.1 .dbd.CR.sup.2 (Ar.sup.2 CR.sup.3 .dbd.CR.sup.4).sub.n Ar.sup.3 (I)wherein, n represents a whole number; R.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 groups are independently selected from H, branched aliphatic, straight chain aliphatic, branched silane or straight chain silane; Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.3 are aromatic radicals having a substituent in at least one position adjacent to a site of attachment of the C.dbd.C double bond and having at least one electron withdrawing or electron donating substituent in at least one of the remaining positions; Ar.sup.2 is an aromatic radical having a substituent in at least one position adjacent to a site of attachment of the C.dbd.C double bond; with the proviso that the substituent in at least one position adjacent to the site of attachment of the C.dbd.C double bond and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 groups are sufficiently large to cause Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.

Abstract: There is disclosed an emulsified dispersion, in which at least one compound of the formula (1) dissolved in an organic solvent comprising at least one high-boiling organic solvent satisfying the condition X.gtoreq.85 in formula (A) is emulsified in a water medium; with the proviso that phthalates and compounds having an epoxy group and having the viscosity less than 100 mPas are excluded from said high-boiling organic solvents: formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6, which are the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 may bond together to form a 6-membered ring,formula (A)X=24.7.times.Log.sub.10 Y-11.7.times.Z+43.7wherein Y and Z stand for, respectively, the viscosity in mPas at 25.degree. C. and the specific water content in % by weight of the high-boiling organic solvent. There is also disclosed a silver halide color light-sensitive material containing the emulsified dispersion.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light absorbent comprising an ester mixture derived from esterification of pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane and a saturated branched-chain fatty acid with a carbon number of 8-18 and ortho- or paramethoxycinnamic acid in a specific ratio. The ultraviolet light absorbent with prescribed ultraviolet light absorbing power has a moderate viscosity and can be handled and worked without inconvenience and/or difficulty.

Abstract: A naphthopyran compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 are each selected from the group consisting essentially of hydrogen, a stable organic radical, a heterocyclic group, a halogen, a nitrogen-substituted group, and a nitrogen-substituted ring compound and wherein A is a substituted divalent aromatic radical that includes substituents selected from the group consisting essentially of hydrogen and the stable organic radical.

Abstract: Retroreflective sheeting having an abrasion-resistant ceramer coating that is prepared from about 20% to about 80% ethylenically unsaturated monomers; about 10% to about 50% of acrylate functionalized colloidal silica; and about 5% to about 40% N,N-disubstituted acrylamide or N-substituted-N-vinyl-amide monomer having a molecular weight between 99 and 500 atomic mass units; wherein said percentages are weight percents of the total weight of said coating. A method of coating retroreflective sheeting with an abrasion-resistant cured ceramer layer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A naphthopyran compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 are each selected from the group consisting essentially of hydrogen, a stable organic radical, a heterocyclic group, a halogen, a nitrogen-substituted group, and a nitrogen-substituted ring compound and wherein A is a substituted divalent aromatic radical that includes substituents selected from the group consisting essentially of hydrogen and the stable organic radical.

Abstract: A polymeric UV absorbing compound which comprises UV absorbing monomeric units of at least 0.05 weight percent of ionic units which have an ionizable group which is ionized at all pH values between 5 to 10. Photographic elements which contain such polymeric compounds and methods of making such polymers and photographic elements, are also provided. The polymeric UV absorbing compounds are directly dispersible in water.

Abstract: A method for selectively altering the refractive index of selected portions of a polyimide material can be used to form a variety of optical components, such as waveguides that can be used as optical interconnections between elements in electronic or microelectronic circuits. The method includes the steps of introducing a dopant which is capable of altering the index of refraction of the film and which will be photoattached to the polyimide material after exposure to radiation, exposing selected portions of the material to radiation, removing at least some of the dopant from the non-irradiated portions of the material, and then exposing the non-irradiated portions of the material to radiation of a type and quantity sufficient to alter the index of refraction of the material.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, which comprises reacting a compound of formula III ##STR2## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, with a compound of formula IV[H].sub.n --R.sub.1 (IV).

Abstract: Liquid UV stabilizers which are stable at room temperatures or below made from di-substituted and tri-substituted benzophenone compositions. A process to render di-substituted and tri-substituted benzophenone admixtures stable liquids at room temperatures or below involving heating the admixture to a temperature in the range of 80.degree.-175.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient that when the admixture is cooled to room temperature the admixture remains liquid.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a non-linear optically active (NLO) side chain polycarbonate and to NLO active waveguides containing said polycarbonate. Waveguides containing this NLO polycarbonate have a low loss of signal. Polycarbonates based on bischloroformates of hexafluorobisphenol A, hexafluorotetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol S or deuterated bisphenol A or sulphonylbiphenol are especially preferred within the framework of the invention: they were found to give an exceptionally low loss of signal. The invention further pertains to cross-linkable and already cross-linked polycarbonates. Especially preferred polycarbonates according to the invention are those where the diol comprises a rigid donor group. These polycarbonates have a high Tg, which renders them thermally stable.

Abstract: A new class of proton transfer, benzazole, fluorescent compounds is composed of a 2-benzazolyl moiety covalently bonded to an aromatic fused ring heterocyclic moiety. The 2-benzazolyl moiety may be a 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, or 2-benzimidazolyl. The aromatic fused ring heterocyclic moiety may be a 3-dibenzofuranyl or 3-dibenzothiophenyl each substituted at the 2 position with a proton donating group, or a 2-carbazolyl substituted at the 3 position with a proton donating group. The proton donating group may be hydroxy, sulfonamido, carbonamido, and the like, and preferably is hydroxy. The fluors are soluble in organic matrix materials such as solvents, monomers, resins, polymers, and the like. The UV-excited fluors emit short-lived fluorescence at .gtoreq.520 nm and may be used in the manufacture of fluorescent coatings, objects, scintillators, light sources and the like.

Abstract: Ultraviolet absorbing compounds of formula (I) and photographic elements containing such compounds: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.4 is a bivalent linking group; the benzo or phenyl ring shown may be further substituted or unsubstituted;L is a bivalent linking group;p is 0 or 1;A* is an alkyl group having an asymmetric carbon or silicon atom, and;wherein the ultraviolet absorbing compound of formula (I) is a mixture of two enantiomers about the asymmetric carbon or silicon of A*.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of UV absorbing s-triazine compounds comprising(a) 5 to 50 percent by weight of an s-triazine compound of formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and n are as defined in claim 1, and (b) 0 to 18 percent by weight of an anionic compound, and(c) 0 to 18 percent by weight of a nonionic compound, with the proviso that at least one of components (b) and (c) must be present.These dispersions are excellent formulations for enhancing the lightfastness of dyeings on synthetic fibers, especially on polyester or acid-modified polyester fibers.

Abstract: A method for microencapsulating agriculturally active substances such as pesticides to provide improved resistance to environmental degradation, especially ultra-violet light. The method employs as the UV protectant lignosulfonates, such as sulfite lignin or sulfonated lignin, or alternately sulfonated lignite, sulfonated tannins, napthalene sulfonates or other related compounds in combination with a protein such as a high bloom gelatin to form a capsule wall. The capsule wall formed by the interaction of these components is durable and has an ultra-violet protectant as an integral part of its structure.

Abstract: Light screening compositions which contain a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents H, C.sub.1-19 -alkyl, C.sub.2-29 -alkenyl, C.sub.2-29 -alkynyl, optionally lower-alkyl or oxy-lower alkyl substituted phenyl,R.sup.2 represents H, C.sub.1-29 -alkyl, C.sub.2-29 -alkenyl, C.sub.2-29 -alkynyl, optionally lower-alkyl or oxy-lower alkyl substituted phenyl,R.sup.3 represents H, C.sub.1-19 -alkyl, C.sub.1-19 -hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1-19 -polyhydroxyalkyl, C.sub.2-29 -alkenyl, C.sub.2-29 -alkynyl, optionally lower-alkyl or oxy-lower alkyl substituted phenyl or optionally lower-alkyl or oxy-lower alkyl substituted pyridyl, a polyether residue, a phenylsulphonic acid residue andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the N atom can also form a ring.

Abstract: The present invention provides a UV light absorber comprising an azomethine compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An optical article, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation. The optical article includes a medium, which exhibits a second-order electric susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units. The medium includes polar aligned dipole subunits. Each dipole subunit has a plurality of noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles and a connector system. Each molecular dipole has an electron donor moiety, an electron acceptor moiety, and a linking moiety. The linking moiety has a pair of covalent bonds to the connector system. Each molecular dipole has a conjugated .pi. bonding system extending from the electron donor moiety along the linking moiety to the electron acceptor moiety to permit oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state and an excited state, which states differ in polarity. The connector system joins the linking moieties to complete a solitary ring or a system of fused rings, which retain the molecular dipoles in substantially parallel relative relation.

Abstract: Aqueous stable dispersions of a mixture of sparingly soluble UV absorbers, which comprises(a) 5 to 50% by weight of a mixture of a benzotriazole of formula ##STR1## and a 2-hydroxybenzophenone of formula ##STR2## wherein R is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylaryl or aralkyl, and the rings A and B, each independently of the other, may be further substituted by halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.14 alkoxy or phenoxy,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.3 is hydrogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy, andR.sub.4 is hydrogen or hydroxy,(b) 2 to 18% by weight of an anionic compound, and(c) 0 to 10% by weight of a nonionic compound.These dispersions of a mixture of UV absorbers are excellent compositions for enhancing the lightfastness of dyeings on synthetic fibers and, in particular, on polyester fibers or acid-modified fibers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat sensitive recording material comprising a substrate, a recording layer formed over the substrate and containing a colorless or light-colored basic dye and a color acceptor, and a protective layer formed over the recording layer, the recording material being characterized in that microcapsules having an ultraviolet absorber enclosed therein and having substantially no color forming ability are incorporated in the protective layer.Further, the present invention provides microcapsules having an ultraviolet absorber and as required an organic solvent enclosed therein, which have capsule wall film of synthetic resin and mean particle size of 0.1 to 3 .mu.m.

Abstract: A steroidal ketone compound having a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heterocyclic aromatic group is useful as a non-linear optical material in a non-linear optical device.

Abstract: A photochromic plastic has been discovered which is useful in the manufacture of protective eyeglasses. The photochromic plastic comprises a host polymer material and a dopant. The plastic exhibits photochromic properties due to excited state absorption which occurs when the material is exposed to UV light. The eyeglasses function as protection against radiation from the sun as well as from industrial and other sources. The dynamic range and response time of this novel photochromic plastic may be tailored in accordance with the particular use or application desired.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel UV light absorbing compound which can preferably be employed in the art of colored molding plastics, resin films, heat-sensitive transfer materials, liquid crystal display materials, color photographs and the like, and method for producing thereof. The UV light absorbing compound is characterized by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents linear or branched alkyl or aralkyl group, and R.sup.2 represents --CN or --COOR.sup.3, wherein R.sup.3 represents substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aralkyl group.

Abstract: A novel photochromic spironaphthopyran composition having the general structural formula: ##STR1## in which phenyl substituents positioned adjacent to the oxygen of the pyran ring are linked at their adjacent ortho positions by the functionality (R).sub.n wherein n is the integer 0-2 and wherein R is methylene (--CH.sub.2 --), vinylene (--C.dbd.C--), or a carbon-carbon bond, i.e., when n is 0. The groups R.sub.1 and R.sub.5 -R.sub.10 may be hydrogen or a variety of substituents.

Abstract: The compounds 4-chloro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone, methyl 3,4-diaminobenzoate, N-(4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)-acetamide, methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate, 2-chloro-4-cyano-6-methylaniline, 4'-hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone and methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate form high quality crystals with high melting point. They are useful for second order non-linear optical process devices such as wavelength conversion devices.

Abstract: An audio optical processor unit employing a nonlinear organic optical element which may be in the form of a nonlinear polymer, a nonlinear organic material or a mixture of liquid crystal materials or polymers. The nonlinear organic optical element is interfaced by a piezo-electric crystal which encodes a laser beam passing through the optical element by inducing changes in the index of refraction or the changes in voltage potential across the polymer or non-linear organic material. The resulting encoded output is detected in a conventional manner by a photodetector array.