Abstract: A third-order nonlinear optical element showing wide employable wave-length range of input light, high speed operation and low light intensity of input light is disclosed. The third-order nonlinear optical element of the present invention has at least two substantially optically smooth surfaces and comprise a charge-transfer complex consisting essentially of (i) at least one electron-accepting component selected from the group consisting of cyano compounds, quinones, nitro compounds, acid anhydride, halogenes, and halogenated carbons; and (ii) at least one electron-donating component selected from the group consisting of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon compounds, unsaturated heterocyclic compounds, chalcogen-containing compounds, quarternary unsaturated heterocyclic compounds and metals.

Abstract: Compounds having non-linear optical activity of the general formula ##STR1## wherein D and A are electron donor and acceptor groups, respectively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aromatic bridging groups, X and Y are preferably groups capable of partaking in polymerization reactions are suitable for use in polymer-based light modulator devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel fabric care compositions water containing dispersible or water-soluble copolymers which contain at least one UV-absorbing monomer and one hydrophilic monomer component.

Abstract: Metal complexes of pyridylbenzimidazoles are described which can be used as ultraviolet absorbers. The pyridylbenzimidazole compounds can be substituted or unsubstituted. The ultraviolet absorbers can be used to protect a carrier or to protect objects being shielded by a carrier.

Abstract: Polymers of (N-lower alkyl)dimethylglytarimide or (N-hydrogen)-dimethylglutarimide are resistant to molecular weight degradation and yellowing on exposure to heat and ultraviolet or visible light by inclusion of a hindered piperazinone stabilizer.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a novel compound suited for use as a piezochromic material.This invention relates to a crystal comprising an indolinospirobenzothiopyran derivative of the following general formula and its ring opened isomer. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aralkyl, methacryloxymethyl or a methacryloxyethyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may for example be hydrogen; R.sup.8 may for example be hydrogen or methacryloxymethyl.The invention further relates to a process for producing the crystal.

Abstract: A photographic material is described which comprises, on a base, blue-sensitive, green-sensitive and/or red-sensitive silver-halide emulsion layers and, if desired, a protection layer, a layer containing a UV absorber being arranged between the uppermost silver-halide emulsion layer and the protection layer, or on top of the uppermost silver-halide emulsion layer, wherein the UV absorber conforms to the formula ##STR1## in which the radicals E.sub.1, E.sub.2 and E.sub.3 are independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, glycidyl, cycloalkyl, phenylalkyl or siloxyl.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenylalkyl or cyclohexyl, R.sub.2 is alkyl, phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, alkoxy or hydroxyalkoxy, and R.sub.3 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, are very suitable for use as UV absorbers in photographic materials with transparent substrates.

Abstract: A third-order nonlinear optical element showing wide employable wave-length range of input light, high speed operation and low light intensity of input light is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention describes a process of coprecipitating a photographic material such as a dye-forming coupler inside a base ionizable polymeric particle. Preparation of such a dispersion is performed by providing a first flow comprising a solution of a surfactant in water containing a polymer ionizable by base, providing a second flow comprising a water miscible solvent, base, water, and the photographic material, then mixing the said first and said second flow and immediately neutralizing the mixed flow to precipitate the photographic material inside the polymer particles forming a fine particle colloidal dispersion of the photographic material. The polymer dispersions of the invention are characterized by high photographic activity and high dye-stability in some cases.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel epoxy polymeric composition resulting from reacting (A) at least one compound containing an average of more than one epoxide group per molecule with (B) at least one curing agent for component (A). At least a portion of the curing agent (B) is at least a first curing agent compound which contains (a) an average of more than one active amine hydrogen atom per molecule and (b) an average of at least one aromatic ring which contains at least one pendant monovalent electron withdrawing group. The present invention also includes a process for preparing the above polymeric materials. The polymeric materials of the present invention also exhibit nonlinear optical capabilities when formed into an optically transparent medium with a noncentrosymmetric alignment of molecules. The nonlinear optical materials of the present invention are useful in electrooptic devices for use in communications and data-processing.

Abstract: An optical filter for absorbing neodymium YAG-doubled laser radiation at 532 nanometers, comprising a polymeric matrix of transparent polycarbonate containing platinum deuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester, has an optical density of 1.8 at 532 nm while having a photopic luminous visible transmission of 53.8%. Optionally, the filter may contain other additives for absorption at other laser wavelengths, such as vanadyl tetra-4-tert-butylphthalocyanine for absorption of ruby laser radiation at 694 nanometers and tris(p-diethylaminophenyl)aminium hexafluoroantimonate for absorption of neodymium YAG laser radiation at 1064 nanometers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an epoxy-containing polymeric material having nonlinear optical properties, particularly a glycidyl amine polymer, and a process for making the nonlinear optical (NLO) epoxy-containing polymeric material including poling the polymeric material under high voltage at elevated temperature for a period of time to bring about orientation of the nonlinear optical functionalities in the polymer. The polymers have enhanced thermal stability and good NLO properties.

Abstract: Non-linear optical materials using a 16-benzalandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione compound represented by the formula [I] ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl or other specified substituents, have a high non-linear optical constant, and can provide a non-linear optical device having excellent properties.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic naphthopyran compounds substituted on the naphthyl portion at the carbon atom juxtaposed to the oxygen of the pyran ring with, for example, an acetoxy group. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(indolino)-oxazine type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: Novel substituted heterocyclic formamidines are useful as ultraviolet light absorbers, the formamidines having the formula ##STR1## wherein: Ar represents a 2-thiazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 2-(4,6-dimethyl) pyrimidyl or a 4-(2-methyl)quinolyl group, and,R represents a phenyl group or an alkyl group of from one to eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: Stabilizing mixture for photochromatic substances containing a cyclic amine chosen from 1,4-diazabicyclo-(2.2.2)octane and quinuclidine, or their derivatives, and at least one sterically hindered amine.

Abstract: A color filter for use in a liquid-crystal display panel structure, including a transparent substrate having a surface portion, and a multiplicity of filter elements distributed in a predetermined pattern on the surface portion of the substrate, each of the filter elements being formed of a photosetting colored filter composition containing an acrylic resin, a coloring compound and a dispersant. In this color filter according to the present invention, the dispersant preferably includes a derivative of an organic colorant. A color filter according to the present invention may further include a transparent overcoat of a synthetic resin covering the filter elements.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R and R' are each an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or a hetero ring, and a method of converting the wavelength of laser light using the organic nonlinear optical material.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to color liquid crystal displays and more particularly to color liquid crystal displays in which the color filter functions as the orientation layer. A film which functions as both an orientation layer controlling the orientation of liquid crystal molecules and as a color filter is described. A process for producing the combination film is also described. The process comprises synthesizing a polyimide precursor by the ring-opening polyaddition reaction of a diamine component and an acid anhydride component in a solvent. Wherein the diamine component has a predetermined structure. Further, the acid anhydride component has a predetermined structure. Finally, the process includes the step of dispersing coloring materials in the polyimide precursor to form the filter.

Abstract: A photochromatic composition, endowed with a high light fatigue resistance contains a photochromatic compound belonging to the class of spirooxazines and an U.V.-stabilizer consisting of a sterically hindered amine to be defined by means of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R is either hydrogen or a methyl group,x is either oxygen or nitrogen,m is a number comprised within the range of from 2 to 10, andn is a number coprised within the range of from 1 to 100.A photochromatic article made from a thermoplastic material, endowed with a high light fatigue resistance, contains a thermoplastic material and the hereinabove disclosed photochromatic composition.

Abstract: A non-linear optical material made of a compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-22 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1-22 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1-22 carbon atoms, a cyanoalkyl group having 1-22 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6-10 carbon atoms; and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 represent independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2-22 carbon atoms, or an acyl group, has a high non-linear optical coefficient and is suitable for use in a non-linear optical device.

Abstract: Described are a series of novel photochromic benzopyran and naphthopyran compounds substituted with (1) a cyclopropyl group and (2) a phenyl, substituted phenyl, or 5-member aromatic heterocyclic group at the 2-position of the benzopyran or naphthopyran ring. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic or plano lenses that incorporate the novel pyran compounds or combinations of the novel pyran compounds with other complementary photochromic compounds are described.

Abstract: An organic nonlinear optical substance having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents --H or --CH.sub.3 ;n is 0, 1, or 2;A represents Z.sup.1 --Ar, ##STR2## wherein Ar represents a 6-14 membered aromatic group including a heterocyclic ring or bisphenylene type ring; Z.sup.1 represents H--, R.sup.5 R.sup.6 N--, R.sup.7 O--, R.sup.8 S--, NC--, R.sup.9 OCO--, R.sup.10 COO--, O.sub.2 N--, R.sup.11 R.sup.12 NOC, R.sup.13 CO(R.sup.14)N--, or R.sup.15 --; Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 independently represent H--, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl--, R.sup.16 O--, R.sup.17 R.sup.18 N, R.sup.19 S--, O.sub.2 N--, or two R.sup.16 being, in combination, R.sup.20 CH<; R.sup.2 represents H-- or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sup.5 to R.sup.20 independently represent H--, or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbon residue; Z.sup.5 independently represents H--, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 saturated hydrocarbon residue, O.sub.2 N--, R.sup.21 O--, R.sup.22 S--, NC--, or R.sup.23 R.sup.24 N-- wherein R.sup.21 to R.sup.

Abstract: New compounds of the spiro-indoline-oxazine class possessing photochromatic and photosensitizing charecteristics are definable by the general formula (I): ##STR1## where the substituents R, R.sup.1 -R.sup.7 and A are as defined in the description. The process for preparing the compounds (I) is described, as is their use as photochromic agents able to confer photochromatic characteristics on the articles in which they are incorporated, and as photosensitizing agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a coating composition for coloring transparent containers such as glass bottles, the composition comprising a combination of a film-former such as an acrylic resin, a metal-free polymeric dye reactive with the resin, an adhesion promoter (and optionally an ultraviolet light absorber). Also disclosed are a method of coating containers with such a composition and the resulting product.

Abstract: A photochromatic composition contains at least two photochromatic compounds, defined by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein the various substituents from R.sub.1 to R.sub.7 and X are as defined in the specification.In such a mixture, at least one photochromatic compound is defined by the general formula, wherein R.sub.7 represents a hydrogen atom, and at least one further compound is also defined by the general formula, wherein R.sub.7 represents an -NR.sub.8 R.sub.9, with R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 having the meaning as defined in the text.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a non-linear optical device comprising a non-linear optical medium comprising an organic compound, which remarkably improves the non-linear optical properties. The non-linear optical device according to the present invention is suited for the second and third harmonic generations, photomixing optical parametric oscillations, optical switches and optical bistable devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin composition for ultraviolet luminescent screen comprising one or more of luminescent compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are individually a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, anyl or aralkyl, and Y is perfluoroalkyl, and A.sup.+ is a cation represented by the formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are individually a hydrogen atom, alkyl or aralkyl and may be combined with each other to form a ring, or a pyridium cation which may have a substituent, or a phosphonium cation.

Abstract: Certain phenalenimine fluorescent compounds represented by the structure ##STR1## wherein R' and R" are independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or a heterocycle, or R' comprises the carbon and heteroatoms which form a fused ring with the compound nucleus, are useful in biomedical and analytical determinations. These compounds can be used for staining cells, as well as for the determination of various analytes found in human or animal biological fluids. Such determinations can be carried out in solution or by using dry analytical elements. The fluorescent compounds can be reacted with quinone nuclei to form reducible compounds which are also useful in analytical methods. In addition, the compounds can be incorporated into what are known as "loadable" latex particles to form detectable labels and biological reagents.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical compound of the formula: ##STR1## and optionally a .pi. electron conjugated organic compound having an electron donative group and an electron attractive group, which has high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A photochromic compound represented by the following general formula [I] ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent heterocyclic group each of which may have a substituent,R.sub.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or a monovalent heterocyclic group each of which may have a substituent, ##STR3## represents a norbornylidene or adamantylidene group which may have a substituent,X represents an oxygen atom or a group of the formula >N--R.sub.3 in which R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, andR.sub.2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.Also provided are a process for production of the photochromic compound, a composition containing the photochromic compound, and the use of the photochromic compound. The colored form of this photochromic compound has excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: Light-polarizing materials, comprising a complex obtained by reacting elemental iodine, and iodide unsubstituted or monoalkyl- or dialkyl-substituted 2,5-dicarboxy-pyrazine and uses thereof in liquid suspensions, set suspensions and light valves.

Abstract: A laser-diode-pumped solid-state laser including a solid-state laser rod doped with a rare-earth material such as neodymium, a semiconductor laser for emitting a laser beam to pump said solid-state laser rod to oscillate a beam, and a resonator including a bulk single crystal of organic nonlinear optical material for converting the wavelength of the beam which is oscillated by said solid-state laser rod. The organic nonlinear optical material is preferably PRA, MNA, NPP, NPAN, MAP, m-NA, or the like. The semiconductor laser may comprise a single-transverse-mode, or a single-longitudinal-mode semiconductor laser.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided photo-recording media comprising photochromic compounds having been dispersed or dissolved in stretched films or nematic liquid crystals, the transition moment of light absorption of said photochromic compounds being orientated in a definite direction. In the photo-recording media as provided, an information recorded in the photochromic compounds can be read out without destroying the same.

Abstract: The new photochromic compounds of the invention have the formula of an indolino-spiro-oxazine comprising an indolinic part and an oxazine part, wherein said oxazine part comprises an unsaturated heterocycle with 5 links which comprises one or several atoms selected from nitrogen and sulphur.Preferably the heterocycle is orthocondensed with a benzenic ring of the oxazine part of the compound, and said heterocycle comprises an imine C.dbd.N-bond. The ozazine part may typically be comprised of a benzothiazol-oxazine group of of an indolino-oxazine group.

Abstract: A novel organic non-linear optical material and a device using the same are disclosed. The material hardly makes reversal symmetrical molecular configuration in a bulk state such as a crystal and a thin layer and shows a high non-linear optical effect. A non-linear optical device using the material has an excellent properties. The organic non-linear optical material is comprised of the following compound: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a phenyl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an acylamino group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group or a heterocyclic group, provided that R.sub.3 is allowed to link together with R.sub.4 to form a ring and R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are not hydrogen atom at the same time; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an acyl group; and said groups represented by R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and the ring formed by linking the groups represented by R.sub.

Abstract: New photochromatic and thermochromatic compounds of the spiro-oxazepin-oxazine class are definable by the general formula (I): ##STR1## where the substituents R and R.sub.1 -R.sub.12 are defined in the description.The process for the preparation of the compounds (I) is described, as is their use as photochromatic and thermochromatic agents.

Abstract: A non-linear optical device is provided in which an organic compound is disposed in a light beam. The organic compound is a benzalacetofuran derivative represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.3 S, Br, CN or NO.sub.2.

Abstract: An improved light modulating material for use in electro-optic and thermo-optic display devices is produced by forming a homogeneous solution comprising an acrylic resin containing active hydrogen groups, a liquid crystal material, a diisocyanate or epoxide, and a solvent. The homogeneous solution is preferably applied to a conductive substrate and the solvent is then evaporated, causing phase separation resulting in formation of a liquid crystal phase dispersed within a solid polymer matrix. Application of an electric field to the substrate causes the liquid crystal material to align, which in turn causes the coating to switch from substantially translucent to substantially transparent. If the electric field is removed the light modulating material again becomes substantially translucent. Switching times can be improved by incorporating a titanate or zirconate organometallic material into the light modulating material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a combination of a film-former, a metal-free, reactive colorant, ultraviolet light absorber and an adhesion promoter in an effective combination to substantially block transmission of light through a container in order to reduce lightstruck phenomenon.

Abstract: The present invention describes a polymeric nonlinear optical (NLO) material in which NLO active groups are integral to the polymer chain and a process for producing the NLO material. The polymeric NLO material has recurring monomeric units of the following formula: ##STR1## where X is a divalent electron-donating group, Ar is a conjugating group, A is a divalent electron-withdrawing group and n is an integer of at least 3. The NLO material may be, for example, a poly(benzene sulphonamide) or a poly(p-benzamide). The polymeric material is prepared by applying a stress to the NLO polymer to induce orientation of the NLO active groups in the polymer such that the material exhibits nonlinear optical capabilities.

Abstract: Optically nonlinear aromatic carboxylic acid cocrystals are provided of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is CN or NO.sub.2, n is 1-4, m is 1-3 and X and Y are individually (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)-alkanolyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkoxycarbonyl, ar(C.sub.1 -C.sub.5)alkyl, aryl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkoxy, hydroxy, halo or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An optical article is disclosed containing, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, a medium exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units comprised of a linear polymer containing polar aligned noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles having an electron donor moiety linked through a conjugated .pi. bonding system to an electron acceptor moiety to permit oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state exhibiting a first dipole moment and an excited state exhibiting a differing dipole moment. The linear polymer is a condensation polymer including in its backbone a plurality of molecular dipoles including sulfonyl electron acceptor moieties sequentially arranged to reinforce electron displacement along the polymer backbone.

Abstract: A molecular crystal comprising a molecule represented by formula (I) shown below: ##STR1## The crystal has high blue light transmittance and non-linear optical characteristics.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in sunbathing comprises a screen formed of a sheet of thermoplastic or fiber material which is transparent to the safe UV-A wavelengths of solar radiation and the visible light range between 400-450 nm but which contains uniformly distributed therethrough a first agent which absorbs at least 80% of the UV-B radiation in the 310-320 nm range and all radiation below 310 nm, and a second agent and third agent which prevent transmission therethrough of some radiations above 450 nm wavelength, i.e. visible light and infra-red. The second agent may be an absorbing dye or pigment. The third agent may be finely divided carbon or ground glass. The screen may be mounted on a frame or fabricated into clothing so as to shield the sunbather from the acutely and chronically harmful wavelengths of radiation, to prevent unpleasant overheating, and to provide subdued lighting.

Abstract: A composition comprised of polyvinylalcohol coating containing at least one water soluble ultraviolet absorber. In one aspect, there is provided a rubber tire having at least one surface coated with such composition.

Abstract: New photochromatic and thermochromatic compounds of the spiro-oxazepin-oxazine class are definable by the general formula (I): ##STR1## where the substituents R and R.sub.1 -R.sub.12 are as defined in the description.The process for the preparation of the compounds (I) is described, as is their use as photochromatic and thermochromatic agents.

Abstract: This invention provides nonlinear optical media which have a stable noncentrosymmetric array of side chain polymer molecules, such as an electric field poled and stabilized medium of a 50/50 copolymer of N-methyl-4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]phenylamino-2-ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate and 4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyenyl]phenylthio-2-ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate.

Abstract: A non-linear optical material comprises a derivative of chalcone represented by the following general formulae (I) or (II) of: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a dimethylamino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a phenyl group, an acetyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 each represent an interger of from 0 to 21; and m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 each represent an integer of from 0 to 5.