Abstract: Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

Abstract: A crystalline ferromagnetic material based upon nanoscale cobalt carbide particles and a method of manufacturing the material via a polyol reaction are disclosed. The crystalline ferromagnetic cobalt carbide nanoparticles are useful for high performance permanent magnet applications. The processes are extendable to other carbide phases. Fe- and FeCo-carbides are realizable by using as precursor salts Fe-, Co-, and mixtures of Fe- and Co-salts, such as acetates, nitrates, chlorides, bromides, citrates, and sulfates. The materials include mixtures and/or admixtures of cobalt carbides, as both Co2C and Co3C phases. Mixtures may be a collection of independent particles of Co2C and Co3C or a collection of particles which consist of an intimate combination of Co2C and Co3C phases within individual particles. The relative proportions of these two phases and the morphology of each phase contribute to their permanent magnet properties, particularly at room temperature to over 400 K.

Abstract: A system relating to providing printable/writable magnetic sheets comprising a favorable balance of mechanical rigidity and flexibility for improved handling during processing steps required for the manufacture of such printable/writable magnetic sheets.

Abstract: A capsule having a solid core, a primary shell of liquid encapsulating the solid core and a secondary shell of particles encapsulating the primary shell. The primary and secondary shells are generally repulsive to each other. Also provided is a process for the manufacture of capsules and a process for the manufacture of a magnetic body.

Abstract: What is described is the use of alcohols, alcoholamines, diols, polyols or mixtures thereof in heat carrier media or as heat carrier media which are in contact with magnetocaloric materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for growing truly bulk In2O3 single crystals from the melt, as well as melt-grown bulk In2O3 single crystals are disclosed. The growth method comprises a controlled decomposition of initially non-conducting In2O3 starting material (23) during heating-up of a noble metal crucible (4) containing the In2O3 starting material (23) and thus increasing electrical conductivity of the In2O3 starting material with rising temperature, which is sufficient to couple with an electromagnetic field of an induction coil (6) through the crucible wall (24) around melting point of In2O3. Such coupling leads to an electromagnetic levitation of at least a portion (23.1) of the liquid In2O3 starting material with a neck (26) formation acting as crystallization seed. During cooling down of the noble metal crucible (4) with the liquid In2O3 starting material at least one bulk In2O3 single crystal (28.1, 28.2) is formed.

Abstract: The invention provides the Magnetoelectric Effect Material consisted of a single isotope, the alloy of isotopes, or the compound of isotopes. The invention applies enrichment and purification to increase the isotope abundance, to create the density of nuclear exciton by irradiation, and therefore increase the magnetoelectric effect of the crystal of single isotope, the alloy crystal of isotopes and the compound crystal of isotopes. The invention provides the manufacturing method including the selection rules of isotopes, the fabrication processes and the structure of composite materials. The invention belongs to the area of the nuclear science and the improvement of material character. The invention using the transition of entangled multiple photons to achieve the delocalized nuclear exciton. The mix of selected isotopes adjusts the decay lifetime of nuclear exciton and the irradiation efficiency to generate the nuclear exciton.

Abstract: A method for synthesis of a ferroelectric material characterized by the general formula AxByFz where A is an alkaline earth metal, B is transition metal or a main group metal, x and y each range from about 1 to about 5, and z ranges from about 1 to about 20 comprising contacting an alkaline earth metal fluoride, a difluorometal compound and a fluoroorganic acid in a medium to form a reaction mixture; and subjecting the reaction mixture to conditions suitable for hydrothermal crystal growth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanostructures having low-density and porous coatings that surround or are associated with at least one core nanoparticles. The structures are capable of carrying or associating with at least one payload within or on the surface of the nanostructures so that the structures can be used in applications such as medical diagnosis or therapeutic treatment.

Abstract: Perovskite related compound of the present invention have layered structures in which perovskite units and A-rare earth structure units are alternately arranged. The reduced cell parameters ar-cr and ?r-?r and the reduced cell volume Vr are within the following ranges: ar=6.05±0.6 ?, br=8.26±0.8 ?, cr=9.10±0.9 ?, ?r=103.4±10°, ?r=90±10°, ?r=90±10°, and Vr=442.37±67 ?3. At least one of the reduced cell parameters ar-cr can be m/n times as large as the aforementioned values, where m and n are independent natural numbers, the square roots of 2 or 3 or integral multiples thereof. Values of ar, br and cr can be replaced with one another, or values of ?r, ?r and ?r can be replaced with one another.

Abstract: A composition of a crystalline ferromagnetic material based upon nanoscale cobalt carbide particles and to a method of manufacturing the ferromagnetic material of the invention via a polyol reaction are disclosed. The crystalline ferromagnetic cobalt carbide nanoparticles of the invention are useful for high performance permanent magnet applications. The processes according to the invention are extendable to other carbide phases, for example to Fe-, FeCo-carbides. Fe- and FeCo-carbides are realizable by using as precursor salts Fe-, Co-, and mixtures of Fe- and Co-salts, such as acetates, nitrates, chlorides, bromides, citrates, and sulfates, among others. The materials according to the invention include mixtures and/or admixtures of cobalt carbides, as both Co2C and Co3C phases. Mixtures may take the form of a collection of independent particles of Co2C and Co3C or as a collection of particles which consist of an intimate combination of Co2C and Co3C phases within individual particles.

Abstract: At least one elongated core, made of at least one first magnetizable and/or magnetic material, and a shell, surrounding the core and made of at least one second magnetocrystalline anisotropic material, form a nanoparticle. A plurality of such nanoparticles are used in making a permanent magnet. A motor or a generator includes at least one such permanent magnet.

Abstract: A magnetic composition containing a metal-salen complex compound which can be securely guided by a magnetic field to a target area to be preferably treated, and a method for producing the magnetic composition are provided. The magnetic composition is prepared by dispersing magnetic particles, which are obtained by coating a metal-salen complex compound with a dispersant, in a polar solvent by means of the dispersant. Furthermore, the magnetic composition production method includes a first step of mixing the metal-salen complex compound with the dispersant in an organic solvent and coating the metal-salen complex compound with the dispersant and a second step of dispersing the metal-salen complex in a polar solvent.

Abstract: Porous masses that include taggants may provide for product authentication and counterfeit identification, especially products like smoking device filters and smoking devices. In some instances, a tagged porous mass may include a plurality of binder particles; a taggant that comprises at least one taggant component selected from the group consisting of an elemental marker, a molecular fluorophore, a particulate fluorophore, and any combination thereof; a plurality of second particles, wherein the second particles comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of active particles, organic particles, and any combination thereof; and wherein the binder particles are bound to the second particles at sintered contact points.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for enhancing the sensitivity of magnetic detection of molecules of interest. The process comprises creating amorphous magnetic metal nanoparticles from a bulk target material comprising at least one magnetic transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe and at least one glass former selected from the group consisting of P, B and Si through the use of a pulsed laser ablation method. The produced amorphous magnetic metal nanoparticles have a large magnetic moment and a large magnetic permeability especially compared to crystalline nanoparticles. One use of the present nanoparticles is in a magnetic immunoassay method.

Abstract: Continuous flow synthetic methods are used to make single phase magnetic metal alloy nanoparticles that do not contain rare earth metals. Soft and hard magnets made from the magnetic nanoparticles are used for a variety of purposes, e.g. in electric motors, communication devices, etc.

Abstract: There is provided a magnet manufacturing method with which a high residual magnetic flux density is obtained without using dysprosium (Dy) and without using a bonding agent. Magnetic powders made of a hard magnetic material formed of a R—Fe—N compound containing a rare earth element as R or formed of a Fe—N compound are used. In a pressurizing step, the magnetic powders are pressurized by molds multiple times to form a primary compact. In a baking step, a secondary compact is formed by heating the primary compact in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature lower than a decomposition temperature of the magnetic powders to bond together the outer surfaces of the adjacent magnetic powders with oxide films formed on the outer surfaces of the magnetic powders.

Abstract: Thermoelectric cooling devices and methods for producing and using the devices are disclosed, wherein the cooling devices include a polymer composite of a polymer and nanoparticles of at least one paramagnetic material. A source for producing an electric field within the polymer composite produces a corresponding heat transfer from one surface of the composite to the other.

Abstract: The present invention provides an iron nitride based magnetic powder which comprises the Fe16N2 phases and the Fe4N phases. The iron nitride based magnetic powder of the present invention is obtained by subjecting the iron oxide or the starting material to an reduction treatment and a nitriding treatment, wherein the starting material is obtained by covering the surfaces of the iron oxide particles by a Si-based compound as required. The iron nitride based magnetic powder consists of 70 at % or more and 95 at or less of the phases of Fe16N2. compound and 5 at % or more and 30 at % or less of the phases of Fe4N compound in terms of Fe as measured by the Mossbauer spectra.

Abstract: Coatings, coating compositions and coating suspensions that contain solar reflective and/or shielding components for use in coating substrates such as cellulosic fiberboard construction materials. The coatings may vary in color from pink to red or from yellow to orange depending on which colorant or solar reflective pigment is used or combinations of colorants and solar reflective pigments is used. Methods of making and using the coatings and coating compositions/suspensions are also provided.

Abstract: Magnetic functional fluid includes dispersion medium; and dispersed particles which are dispersed in the dispersion medium, wherein the dispersed particles includes: first ferromagnetic particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 ?m to 50 ?m; and second ferromagnetic particles each having a needle-like shape, each having a smaller particle size than the first ferromagnetic particles, and each having a length ratio of a long axis to a short axis of 2 or more.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and material wherein the material's viscoelastic and/or fatigue life may be altered by application of a secondary tuning electromagnetic field or a selected temperature, and the material's viscoelastic and/or fatigue properties are measured by a mechanical response of the material caused by applying a primary driving electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A permanent magnet may include a Fe16N2 phase constitution.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon nanotube composite film is provided. A PVDF is dissolved into a first solvent to form a PVDF solution. A number of magnetic particles is dispersed into the PVDF solution to form a suspension. A carbon nanotube film is immersed into the suspension and then transferred into a second solvent. The carbon nanotube film structure is transferred from the second solvent and dried to form the carbon nanotube composite film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminate that includes: a foundation layer (12) that is a crystal having a wurtzite structure; and a MgXM1-XO film (14) having a hexagonal film formed on the foundation layer, where M is a 3d transition metal element, and 0<X<1. The present invention also relates to a crystal that is MgXM1-XO having a hexagonal structure, where M is a 3d transition metal element, and 0<X<1.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles comprising soft magnetic phases is provided, wherein the method comprises degassing a first mixture at a temperature in a range from about 80° C. to 130° C. The first mixture comprises a solvent, a compound comprising iron, cobalt, or combinations thereof dissolved in the solvent, and an organic component comprising a fatty acid or an amine. Degassing the first mixture is followed by adding a capping ligand to the first mixture under inert atmosphere to form a second mixture; adding a reducing agent to the second mixture at a temperature in a processing temperature range from about 250° C. to about 350° C. to form a third mixture; and incubating the third mixture at a temperature within the processing temperature range to form nanoparticles comprising a soft magnetic phase.

Abstract: A nonaqueous magnetorheological fluid includes a primarily organic carrier liquid and magnetizable particles. The magnetorheological fluid also includes a buffer, a stabilizer, and water. A pH of the magnetorheological fluid is between 6.5 and 9.0.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric cascade containing at least three different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures, which are arranged in succession by descending Curie temperature, wherein none of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has a higher layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature and wherein at least one of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has as lower layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature wherein Lp of a particular magnetocaloric material being calculated according to formula (I): Lp=m*dTad,max with dTad,max: maximum adiabatic temperature change which the particular magnetocaloric material undergoes when it is magnetized from a low magnetic field to high magnetic field during magnetocaloric cycling, m: mass of the particular magnetocaloric material contained in the magnetocaloric cascade.

Abstract: An interconnect structure for electrically joining two surfaces includes magnetic attachment structures and an anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA). Magnetic attachment structures on a first surface are magnetically attracted to magnetic attachment structures on a second surface. Opposing magnetic attachment structures are joined via an ACA, which conducts electricity when compressed, and is electrically insulating when not compressed. The magnetic attraction between opposing magnetic attachment structures generates a sufficient force to maintain compression of the intervening ACA in order to sustain a desired level of electrical conductivity between the first surface and second surface. A method for joining two surfaces using the interconnect structure is disclosed. Additionally, a magnetic anisotropic conductive adhesive having magnetic conductive particles dispersed therein is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle including a mesoporous silica nanoparticle having at least one adsorbent functional group bound thereto. The adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle also includes at least one catalytic material. In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of using and making the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles. In some examples, the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles can be used to selectively remove fatty acids from feedstocks for biodiesel, and to hydrotreat the separated fatty acids.

Abstract: A capsule having a solid core, a primary shell of liquid encapsulating the solid core and a secondary shell of particles encapsulating the primary shell. The primary and secondary shells are generally repulsive to each other. Also provided is a process for the manufacture of capsules and a process for the manufacture of a magnetic body.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to tracer particles for product identification and/or authentication. When incorporated into a manufactured item, that item can be subsequently authenticated by either detecting, or failing to detect, the tracer particle. The tracer particles of the invention are magnetically attractable, with micromarkings, and in some embodiments, are manufactured with food grade materials and of a particle size suitable for ingestion by humans. The particles can be analyzed qualitatively or quantitatively. In other aspects, the invention provides methods for the manufacture of the tracer particles, and in other aspects, provides methods for using the particles. Examples of products that can be tagged using the tracer particles of the invention include pharmaceuticals, animal feeds or feed supplements, and baby formula. Other applications include forensics, such as in explosive materials.

Abstract: A composite particle includes: a first particle composed of a soft magnetic metallic material; and second particles composed of a soft magnetic metallic material having a different composition from that of the first particle and adhered to the first particle so as to cover the first particle, wherein when the Vickers hardness of the first particle is represented by HV1 and the Vickers hardness of the second particle is represented by HV2, HV1 and HV2 satisfy the following relationships: 250?HV1?1200, 100?HV2<250, and 100?HV1?HV2, and when the projected area circle equivalent diameter of the first particle is represented by d1 and the projected area circle equivalent diameter of the second particle is represented by d2, d1 and d2 satisfy the following relationships: 30 ?m?d1?100 ?m and 2 ?m?d2?20 ?m.

Abstract: A composite particle includes: a particle composed of a soft magnetic metallic material, and a coating layer composed of a soft magnetic metallic material having a different composition from that of the particle and fusion-bonded to the particle so as to cover the particle, wherein when the Vickers hardness of the particle is represented by HV1 and the Vickers hardness of the coating layer is represented by HV2, HV1 and HV2 satisfy the following relationship: 100?HV1?HV2, and when half of the projected area circle equivalent diameter of the particle is represented by r and the average thickness of the coating layer is represented by t, r and t satisfy the following relationship: 0.05?t/r?1.

Abstract: An organically surface-bonded metal or metal oxide material including an inorganic metal or metal oxide and an organic material. The organic material is coated on the surface of the inorganic metal or metal oxide. The inorganic metal or metal oxide and the organic material are linked through a strong chemical bond. The strong chemical bond includes a covalent bond between a metal in the inorganic metal or metal oxide and a nitrogen in the organic material.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and applications for a bioceramic composition that includes from about 45 to about 55% by weight of kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4); from about 5 to about 15% by weight of tourmaline; from about 3 to about 13% by weight of aluminum oxide (Al2O3); from about 11 to about 19% by weight of silicon dioxide (SiO2); and from about 3 wt % to about 13 wt % zirconium oxide (ZrO2).

Abstract: A generic route for synthesis of asymmetric nanostructures. This approach utilizes submicron magnetic particles (Fe3O4—SiO2) as recyclable solid substrates for the assembly of asymmetric nanostructures and purification of the final product. Importantly, an additional SiO2 layer is employed as a mediation layer to allow for selective modification of target nanoparticles. The partially patched nanoparticles are used as building blocks for different kinds of complex asymmetric nanostructures that cannot be fabricated by conventional approaches. The potential applications such as ultra-sensitive substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have been included.

Abstract: A magnetic data storage medium comprising: an ion doped magnetic recording layer having a continuous grading of coercivity or anisotropy, wherein the coercivity or anisotropy is at a minimum substantially at one side of the magnetic recording layer, and having substantial portion of maximum coercivity or anisotropy at the other side of the magnetic recording layer. Also, a method of fabricating a magnetic data storage medium is included.

Abstract: Provided are a metal-carbon composite material which can have improved productivity, has sufficient performance, can be used in a wide range of fields, and can have a reduced burden on the environment; and a method for manufacturing the same. The metal-carbon composite material includes: carbon; and nanoparticles formed of a metal or a metal oxide, wherein the ratio of the nanoparticles is 50% by weight or more and 99% by weight or less based on the total amount of the carbon and the nanoparticles, the metal-carbon composite material having a structure in which nanoparticles are dispersed in carbon.

Abstract: A composition comprising india stabilized gadolinia wherein the india stablilized gadolinia is an oxide with a direct substitution of the indium ion for the gadolinia ion resulting in a compound with the formula InxGd2-xO3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid filler for an electromagnetic shielding composite material and a method of manufacturing the hybrid filler, by which electromagnetic shielding and absorbing capabilities are improved and heat generated by electromagnetic absorption is effectively removed. The hybrid filler for an electromagnetic shielding composite material includes an expandable graphite (EG) having a plurality of pores, and magnetic particles integrated with a carbon nanotube (CNT) on outer surfaces thereof in a mixed manner, wherein the magnetic particles are inserted into the pores of the EG.

Abstract: A material for a magnetic resonance installation is provided, wherein the material includes a support material and a magnetic doping material which is admixed in a specific proportion. The doping material exhibits an anisotropic susceptibility. In respect of the anisotropic susceptibility, the doping material exhibits a mean orientation along a predefined direction. An essentially homogeneous intermixture of the support material and the doping material is present within a volume of the material which is smaller than 1 mm3.

Abstract: A material for use in a magnetic resonance system includes a carrier material and a doping material. The carrier material and the doping material are admixed in a specific proportion. A volume of the material smaller than 1 mm2 contains a substantially homogeneous intermixing of the carrier material and the doping material.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a magneto-optical material containing as a main component an oxide that includes a terbium oxide and having a large Verdet constant at a wavelength in the 1.06 ?m region (0.9 to 1.1 ?m) and high transparency, and to provide a small-sized optical isolator suitably used in a fiber laser for a processing machine. The magneto-optical material of the present invention contains an oxide represented by Formula (I) below at a content of at least 99 wt %. (TbxR1-x)2O3??(I) (In Formula (I), x satisfies 0.4?x?1.0 and R includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanoid elements other than terbium.

Abstract: Photosensitive molecular switch, having a chelate ligand, a metal ion bonded coordinatively to the chelate ligand, the metal ion being selected from the group of metal ions consisting of Mn2+, Mn3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Ni2+, a photochromic system which is bonded covalently to the chelate ligand and can be isomerized by irradiation, this system being bonded coordinatively to the metal ion in one configuration and not bonded to the metal ion in the other configuration.

Abstract: The invention discloses a La(Fe,Si)13-based hydride magnetic refrigeration material comprising multiple interstitial atoms and showing a high-temperature stability and a large magnetic entropy change and the method for preparing the same. By reintroducing interstitial hydrogen atoms into an interstitial master alloy La1-aRaFe13-bSibXc through a hydrogen absorption process, a compound with a chemical formula of La1-aRaFe13-bSibXcHd and a cubic NaZn13-type structure is prepared, wherein R is one or a combination of more than one rare-earth element, X is one or more C, B and the like or their combinations. A desired amount of hydrogen is obtained through a single hydrogen absorption process by means of controlling the hydrogen pressure, temperature and period in the process of hydrogen absorption. The compound can be stable under normal pressure, at a temperature of room temperature to 350° C., that is, the hydrogen atoms can still exist stably in the interstices.

Abstract: An article for magnetic heat exchange includes a functionally-graded monolithic sintered working component including La1-aRa(Fe1-x-yTyMx)13HzCb with a NaZn13-type structure. M is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Si and Al, T is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Ti, V and Cr and R is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, Y and Pr. A content of the one or more elements T and R, if present, a C content, if present, and a content of M varies in a working direction of the working component and provides a functionally-graded Curie temperature. The functionally-graded Curie temperature monotonically decreases or monotonically increases in the working direction of the working component.

Abstract: Provided are a soft magnetic powder for obtaining a dust core having a low iron loss, the dust core, and a method for producing a dust core. The present invention relates to a soft magnetic powder including a plurality of soft magnetic particles, each having an insulating layer. The Vickers hardness HV0.1 of a material constituting the soft magnetic particles is 300 or more, and the insulating layer contains Si, O, and at least one of an alkali metal and Mg. As long as the soft magnetic powder has such features, a material having a high electric resistance, such as an iron-based alloy, can be used. The eddy current loss can be reduced, and it is possible to effectively obtain a dust core having a low iron loss.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a carbon nanotube composite film. The carbon nanotube composite film includes a plurality of magnetic particles, a carbon nanotube film structure and a PVDF. The carbon nanotube film structure is a free-standing structure. The carbon nanotube film structure defines a plurality of interspaces. At least a portion of the plurality of magnetic particles and the PVDF is filled in the plurality of interspaces.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing magnetic particles, which comprises: adding a compound to a water-based magnetic liquid, wherein the water-based magnetic liquid comprises magnetic particles dispersed in an acidic water-based solvent, and the compound is selected from the group consisting of amine compounds, aromatic compounds, and aliphatic compounds having one or more monovalent phosphorus polar groups denoted by: wherein m1 denotes 0 or 1, m2 denotes 1 or 2, and M denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom; and then collecting the magnetic particles from the water-based magnetic liquid to obtain the magnetic particles the surfaces of which have been modified by being coated with the compound.