Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cellulose/gelatin composite viscose rayon filament that is characterized by including a process in which a spinning process is carried out while a viscose spinning solution is mixed with a gelatin crosslinking solution, which makes it possible to produce a cellulose/gelatin composite viscose rayon having uniform strength and elongation without yarn disconnection.

Abstract: A welded item is shown having an extruded weld bead with a high tensile strength relative to the layers from which it is formed. A valve with an insert is shown. A ball with an internal plenum is shown.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for continually producing an extrusion solution for producing cellulosed shaped bodies, such as fibres and films, according to the lyocell method. According to the inventive method, (a) a cellulose suspension is produced from cellulose and an aqueous phase in a mass ratio ranging from 1:3 to 1:40, whereby shearing is maintained for between 5 to 200 minutes. (b) The cellulose suspension is dewatered to form a material having a cellulose content ranging from 20 to 80 mass % and the aqueous phase produced thereby is at least partially returned to step (a). (c) The humid cellulose material being homogenised is transported through a first shearing zone in the absence of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing the clogging of nozzles and slits and diminishing the formation of deposits in the spin bath system in the process of making viscose filamentary and film materials by using an alkoxylated polyamine surfactant having the formula: RNA&Parenopenst;CnH2nNA&Parenclosest;x−1A  (I) where R represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic group with 1-24 carbon atoms, each A represents a hydrogen, an aliphatic group with 1-24 carbon atoms, or H(OCmH2m)y-groups, where m is a number from 2-3, n is a number from 2-3, x is 4-8, with the proviso that the number of H(OCmH2m)y-groups are from 1 to x+1, and the total number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic groups is from 8 to 45. The alkoxylated polyamine surfactant has an excellent anticlogging effect, since it is a good dispersant and prevent or reduce precipitation in the spin bath. In addition it is very stable.

Abstract: Modified viscose fibres comprise regenerated cellulose and contain in their structure microcrystalline chitosan bound mainly by hydrogen bonds with the regenerated cellulose of viscose fibres. To improve the properties of the fibres the modified fibres contain as a third component a water-soluble and/or alkali-soluble natural polymer or a derivative thereof of polysaccharide origin containing groups bound by hydrogen and/or ionic bonds with the microcrystalline chitosan. Examples of such polymers are alginic acid, sodium and potassium alginate and sodium carboxymethycellulose.

Abstract: A dialysis membrane in the form of a hollow fiber with a continuous internal cavity is made of cellulose acetate or a cellulose acetate derivative. The membrane has a maximum screen coefficient of 0.04 for albumin with a molecular weight of 68,000. A dialysis membrane in the form of a hollow fiber with a continuous internal cavity may be made in a process using a spinning solution containing an organic carboxylic acid and a cavity-forming liquid. Modification agents and/or water are optionally added and the solution is extruded through a spinneret suitable for the manufacture of hollow fibers. The precipitation of the resultant dialysis membrane and the usual further aftertreatment take place in a precipitation bath. The organic carboxylic acid preferably is acetic acid and the precipitation bath preferably is a dilute acetic acid.

Abstract: Viscose filaments, preferably in staple fibre form, which have a decitex of less than 5.0 and a multi-limbed cross-section, the limbs having a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least 2:1. Examples of multi-limbed cross-sectional shapes are Y-, X-, H- and T-shapes. The fibre can be formed into woven, non-woven or knitted fabrics, and is especially useful for absorbent products.

Abstract: A regenerated cellulose composition having excellent adsorptivity and flame resistance prepared by a process in which viscose, a solvent-adsorbing active carbon in the form of an aqueous dispersion and a specific phosphorus flame retarder are extruded into a coagulation bath to regenerate cellulose which is dried at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the solvent, whereby the adsorptivity of active carbon is maintained at a high level while a flame resistance is imparted to cellulose.

Abstract: Method for increasing the absorbency of cellulosic fibers by a high temperature wet treatment comprising heating the fibers in a water bath at temperatures within the range of about 95.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. for periods ranging from about one to sixty minutes. Absorbency of the treated fibers is thus increased by more than 2% of the corresponding untreated fibers as measured by the Syngyna Test Method. By employing such materials in catamenial tampons, sanitary napkins or the like, the amount of absorbent material may be decreased by 10% or more relative to the corresponding, untreated absorbent material, without adversely affecting the absorbent characteristics thereof.

Abstract: Alloy rayon fiber of regenerated cellulose and an at least partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid and a comonomer selected from an hydroxyalkyl (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) ester of such acid or a styrenic monomer. The copolymer is present in an amount effective to increase the fluid holding capacity of the fiber. Masses of the fibers are useful as surgical dressings, tampons and other fluid-absorbing articles.

Abstract: A solid composition of coated water-soluble polymer is made from 80 to 250 parts b.w. of solid particles of at least one water-soluble polymer coated with 100 parts b.w. of at least one paraffinic product solid at room temperature and whose melting point is preferably from 40.degree. to 90.degree. C. The solid composition is made by dispersing particles of the water-soluble polymer in the molten paraffinic product and then cooling down to room temperature.

Abstract: The procedure provides for the manufacture of crimped high-wet-modulus staple fibres by spinning from viscose to which have been added small quantities of derivatives of cyclohexanone or cyclopentanone and/or alkylated amino compounds of cyclohexane or cyclopentane.To improve the tenacity of the finished fibres, combinations of nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing modifiers can be used. The viscose and/or spinning bath can also be treated with known stretching and spinning aids. In addition, the crimp-yielding additives can be combined with small amounts of zinc ions in the viscose, and the fibres can be allowed to relax in an alkaline bath after being spun.

Abstract: Alloy fibers having high fluid-holding capacity, and a method for making the same, the alloy fibers being comprised of a matrix of regenerated cellulose having 5 to 25 weight percent of alkali metal salts of cellulose sulfate being dispersed therein. The sulfate salts may be present in combination with anionic polymer. The high fluid-holding capacity is at least 4.8 ml per grams as measured by the Demand Absorption Test.

Abstract: A regenerated cellulose fiber containing an alloying polymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or a copolymer containing acrylic and methacrylic acid moieties or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof or other anionic alloying polymers or copolymer is prepared by a process wherein the alloying polymer is mixed with a viscose solution of known unreacted sodium hydroxide concentration, the sodium hydroxide concentration in the resulting mixture is increased to compensate for any loss in concentration due to neutralization and/or dilution effects by the addition of the alloying polymer to the viscose. Increasing the sodium hydroxide concentration greater than that required to restore the concentration to the original level has resulted in dramatic increases in absorbency.

Abstract: Cardable cellulosic fibers having improved water and fluid absorbency are made by incorporating therein an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid prepared by a process wherein the two monomers are mixed together in ratios during the polymerization so that the amount of copolymer chains substantially richer in methacrylic acid moieties than the total ratio of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid monomers included in the copolymerization process and the number of copolymer chains considerably lower in degree of polymerization than the copolymer average are minimized.

Abstract: Alloy rayon staple fibers containing about 15 to 35% sodium carboxymethylcellulose based on the weight of cellulose ("b.o.c.") and having high fluid holding capacity at least 5.5 cc per gram (such as in the range of up to about 7 cc/g) measured by the Syngyna test.

Abstract: Alloy fibers having high fluid-holding capacity, and a method for making the same, the alloy fibers being comprised of a matrix of regenerated cellulose having polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersed therein. The polyvinylpyrrolidone may be present in combination with an anionic polymer.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulose products containing formaldehyde cross linked sodium lignate or sodium lignosulfonate in an amount of from about 1% to about 40% by weight based on the weight of the cellulose in the product are prepared by mixing one of the cross linked lignin derivatives or a mixture thereof substantially uniformly in a viscose solution and extruding the solution into a spin bath in which the extruded viscose streams coagulate into filaments containing the cross linked lignin derivative. The extended regenerated product may be used as a fiber in absorbent cullulose products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons and the like.

Abstract: An absorbent material is provided having exceptional fluid suction and holding power for aqueous physiological fluids, and which is thus especially adaptable for use as tampons, sanitary napkins, baby diapers, hospital pads and the like. The material consists essentially of cellulose fibers containing from 5 to 20% by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The material is formed by a process in which a viscose spinning solution is produced from cellulose xantogenate by dissolving in aqueous caustic soda solution and permitting the solution to ripen, spinning the latter in an acid spinning bath, and then cleaning and drying the resultant threads, the spinning solution containing 5 to 20% by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

Abstract: An alloyed regenerated cellulose fiber containing an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a copolymer of an alkyl vinyl ether and an ethylene dicarboxylic acid or anhydride is prepared by a process wherein the copolymer is mixed with a viscose solution and the mixture is spun through a spinneret into a suitable spin bath and processed into staple fibers adapted to be used in non-woven absorbent articles such as diapers, tampons, sanitary napkins, wiping cloths and the like. The alloyed regenerated cellulose fiber of the invention has increased fluid absorbency characteristics over fibers of the same regenerated cellulose composition without the alloying material.

Abstract: Rayon fibers made by spinning a viscose containing dissolved starch. Starch grains may be slurried in water, then made alkaline with NaOH to form a solution and then added to viscose.

Abstract: Alloy fibers having high fluid-holding capacity, and a method for making the same, the alloy fibers being comprised of a matrix of regenerated cellulose having polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersed therein. The polyvinylpyrrolidone may be present in combination with an anionic polymer.

Abstract: A regenerated cellulosic product is made flame resistant by the addition to the cellulosic solution from which the product is regenerated of from 3 to 7% by weight of colloidal antimony pentoxide and from 5 to 30% by weight of polyvinyl bromide.

Abstract: Modified, regenerated cellulosics having good receptivity to acid dyes are prepared by introducing a poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline, such as poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 10,000 into an aged, cellulose-xanthate solution and forming modified, regenerated cellulosics therefrom. These cellulosics exhibit rapid and quantitative acid-dye absorption and good dye fastness.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulose fibers having very good flameproofness are obtained by adding a polyphosphonate having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is ethylene or propylene; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are methyl or ethyl which may be the same or different; R.sub.4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group in which the alkyl substituent has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms in said alkyl and aralkyl groups may be substituted with chlorine or bromine; R.sub.5 is an aromatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an unsaturated or saturated aliphatic or alicyclic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof and R.sub.5 may contain carbonyl group, sulfonyl group or nitrogen; X is halogen, and n is an integer from 1 to 1000, to a viscose and then spinning the viscose by conventionally accepted procedures. The retention of the polyphosphonate flameproofing agent in the fibers can be markedly increased by this procedure.

Abstract: Highly absorbent, cardable cellulosic fibers are made by incorporating therein, an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, where the ratio of acrylic acid units to methacrylic acid units (by weight) is from 90:10 to 10:90.

Abstract: Method for making alloy fibers having high fluid-holding capacity, the alloy fibers being comprised of a matrix of regenerated cellulose having alkali metal salts of alginic acid uniformly dispersed therein.

Abstract: Method for making alloy fibers having high fluid-holding capacity, the alloy fibers being comprised of a matrix of regenerated cellulose having polyvinylpyrrolidone uniformly dispersed therein.

Abstract: A method of preparing a composite film having improved adhesion between the coating layer and the base layer wherein a viscose solution and a hydroxyalkyl cellulose solution are coextruded in the form of a composite sheet, coagulated and then coated with a lacquer composition over the hydroxyalkyl cellulose layer.

Abstract: Flame-retardant fibers of regenerated cellulose are produced by adding one or more flame-retardant phosphorus compounds to the viscose, extruding the viscose into a spinning bath and, if desired, stretching and after-treating the resulting filaments or staple fibers. The flame-retardant agent is a compound of the general formulaPN.sub.x O.sub.yin which x stands for a number between 0.9 and 1.7 and y stands for a number between 1.2 and 0, where the y-values converge towards zero as the x-values increase. The flame-retardant agent is more particularly used in a proportion approximately between 5 and 30 weight %, based on the weight of the cellulose.

Abstract: Microcapsules having an average diameter below 5 microns and containing a flame retardant material are incorporated into polymeric materials, such as polyurethane foams without affecting the structural integrity of the cell walls of the foam. The capsules are chemically bonded to the foam, as well as physically incorporated therein by employing polyhydroxy polymer-containing capsule wall materials which react with the isocyanate used in the polyurethane. The minute capsules are incorporated into paint to give increased hiding power as well as flame resistance, and are co-extruded into filaments.

Abstract: Rayon fibers made by spinning a viscose containing dissolved starch. Starch grains may be slurried in water, then made alkaline with NaOH to form a solution and then added to viscose.