Abstract: Strengthening the dry and wet tenacity of regenerated cellulosic fibers can be performed through the addition of an aldaric acid, such as (but not limited to) glucaric acid. In some embodiments, regenerated cellulosic fibers that include an aldaric acid or a salt thereof, produced by the disclosed methods are also described. The produced fibers have advantageous properties due at least in part to the inclusion of the aldaric acid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for preparing a fiber with spatial structure, and the fiber prepared thereby and its use as well. In this method, the fiber is prepared through a wet spinning process, wherein a spinning solution prepared from low molecular weight polysaccharide based polyelectrolyte optionally with inert conductive material distributed therein, is injected through a syringe into a coagulation bath, which is formed by adding high molecular weight polysaccharide based polyelectrolyte into a coagulation tank. This method has the advantages such as simple equipment, low cost, good spinnability, and is applicable for large-scale production. The prepared fiber with spatial structure, especially the hollow multilayered fiber, has the controllable layers, cavities, and diameter, a high tensile strength, and an ultra-high specific surface area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-tenacity cellulosic regenerated fiber with an individual fiber titer of between 0.6 and 0.9 dtex and yarns and planar textile structures which contain regenerated fibers of this kind.

Abstract: A process for producing a thermoformable and bondable fabric in which the fabric is biodegradable and/or compostable. The process comprises extruding a polymeric blend to form a plurality of filaments, the filaments collectively comprising the fabric.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for filtration of fluids, especially of aqueous media, by means of a backflush filter apparatus consisting of a cylindrical housing, a cylindrical and perforated support body installed coaxially therein, a filter material, a support fabric, and a mobile backflush device present therein, said process enabling improved removal of fine and ultrafine particles, and of particles with greasy or compressible consistency, and allowing higher solid concentrations. The process according to the invention has the steps below. a) Formation of a filtercake in the perforation of the support body; b) deposition of the relatively fine particles or of the particles with greasy or compressible consistency on or in the filtercake; c) backflushing after attainment of the predefined filter loading or of the maximum permissible pressure differential, or when the filtrate volume flow goes below a minimum.

Abstract: In a process for producing regenerated cellulose fibers, in which particles of a flame-retardant solid are incorporated into the fiber, the particles are placed into a mold, the dimension of which in a major axis of the particle is greater than in the two orthogonal minor axes of the particle, and the major axes of the particles in the fiber are aligned in a preferential direction parallel to the spinning direction thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides an antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral polymeric material, comprising rayon fibers and a single antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral component consisting essentially of microscopic water insoluble particles of copper oxide incorporated in said fibers wherein a portion of said particles in said fibers are exposed and protruding from the surface of the fibers and wherein said particles release Cu++ when exposed to water or water vapor.

Abstract: Provided is a process for manufacturing shaped cellulose materials from lignocellulose where a dissolving grade pulp is manufactured and dissolved in an aqueous alkaline or acidic solvent system forming a solution suitable for shaping new cellulose structures including fibers, films and cellulose derivatives. At least a part of the spent cellulose dissolving or cellulose shaping chemicals are recovered in one or more unit operations in a pulp mill chemical recovery cycle.

Abstract: The flame retardant viscose is obtained by adding silica to the viscose and subsequently fixing the silica to the fiber, such that the final flame retardant fiber will have regenerated cellulose and a silica polymer providing the fibers with flame retardant properties. Conventionally, the regeneration of the viscose mixture is carried out using zinc sulphate, while the final phase of washing of the fiber is accomplished using sulphuric acid. Both zinc and sulphuric acid are highly contaminating products from the environmental point of view. The invention consists, on the one hand, of replacing the zinc sulphate with aluminum sulphate and, on the other, of replacing the sulphuric acid with hydrogen peroxide or oxygenated water, this minimizing the contaminating effect of the process to an extraordinary extent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production in continuous of cellulose-based flame-retardant fibres or filaments and textile articles obtained therefrom, comprising the predispersion in water of an organophosphoric additive, the dosing and mixing of the aqueous predispersion in a solution of cellulose xanthogenate, the filtration of the mixed solutions and spinning in a regenerating and coagulation bath.

Abstract: A method of obtaining fiber textures of carbon from a cellulose precursor includes the steps of: spinning cellulose filaments (12) from a viscose solution or a cellulose solution; subjecting the cellulose filaments to washing in water (21); impregnating the washed and non-dried cellulose filaments with an aqueous emulsion (41) of at least one organosilicon additive; drying the impregnated cellulose filaments; and obtaining a fiber texture made up of impregnated and dried cellulose filaments prior to carbonization.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing silicate-containing fiber, wherein silicon dioxide is added to viscose manufactured of cellulose, and the formed mixture of viscose and silicon dioxide is directed via nozzles to a regeneration solution, to which silicate is added.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production in continuous of cellulose-based flame-retardant fibres or filaments and textile articles obtained therefrom, comprising the predispersion in water of an organophosphoric additive, the dosing and mixing of the aqueous predispersion in a solution of cellulose xanthogenate, the filtration of the mixed solutions and spinning in a regenerating and coagulation bath.

Abstract: A method of obtaining fiber textures of carbon from a cellulose precursor includes the steps of: spinning cellulose filaments (12) from a viscose solution or a cellulose solution; subjecting the cellulose filaments to washing in water (21); impregnating the washed and non-dried cellulose filaments with an aqueous emulsion (41) of at least one organosilicon additive; drying the impregnated cellulose filaments; and obtaining a fiber texture made up of impregnated and dried cellulose filaments prior to carbonization.

Abstract: Pulp with a high hemicellulose level is blended with a dissolving grade pulp and converted to viscose. Blending can be performed during steeping or after steeping. Spinning of the viscose containing the blend, into filaments yields fibers with strength properties that are at least equal to those of the dissolving pulp alone.

Abstract: The invention described here concerns a process to permit the manufacture of a cellulose fibre from hydrate cellulose with an extremely large surface area which may be used for the preparation of a fabric characterized by a high absorptive power, good liquid-retention properties, high grease-solvent properties as well as particle-absorbing properties, which is suitable for making products that are themselves easy to clean, which can be used for cleaning and decontamination as well as to reduce the surface tension of water and which can be disposed of without damage to the environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making an odor adsorbent tampon or related catamenial device. The method of the present invention includes the steps of forming a plurality of fibers, preferably by extrusion, and impregnating or urging into or inserting into the interstices of the fibers with one or more odor adsorbent materials while the process of forming the fibers is being performed. Thereafter, the plurality of fibers so formed are suitably and conventionally brought together to produce the finished device. Preferably, the one or more odor adsorbent materials is in liquid form and/or is naturally sourced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a simple and safe method for producing hollow rayon fibers, which are light and heat-insulating. The fibers, having a cross section of FIG. 1, are produced by forming a cellulose layer with a mixed crystalline structure of cellulose II and IV through selective saponification of a portion of cellulose acetate fibers with the use of alkali, followed by dissolving a portion which remains unsaponified, with the use of an organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides deodorant rayon fibers having a superior deodorization performance. The deodorant rayon fibers are produced by implanting a large quantity of fine grains produced by milling white charcoal in a matrix of the rayon fiber. After adding and mixing a water dispersion which disperses the large quantity of fine grains into viscose solutin, and then spinning, thereby the deodorant rayon fibers are produced. The fine grains obtained by milling the white charcoal do not form spheres with smooth surfaces, but their configurations are irregular with projections. As a result, even when they are implanted in the matrix of the rayon fiber, the projections tend to be exposed on the surfaces of the rayon fibers. The exposed fine grains adsorb odor gases into themselves, thereby their superior deodoization performance is performed.

Abstract: A process of producing at least one filament of refractory material comprising: (a) preparing a spin mix of a solution of cellulose and particles of refractory material; (b) wet spinning the spin mix to form at least one filament of regenerated cellulose having at least a portion of the particles dispersed therein; and (c) heating the filament of regenerated cellulose to remove substantially all of the regenerated cellulose and to sinter the portion of the particles dispersed therein to form a filament of the refractory material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cellulose based fiber of high water-retentivity. The cellulose based fiber of high water rententivity is manufactured by mixing together a stock solution as a homogeneous mixture of a non-cellulose based material of high absorbency and a cellulose based material and a stock solution singly composed of cellulose based material by means of a nozzle. Then the mixture is formed into a complex fiber as a sheath-core type by spinning, elongation and refining the mixture.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulose food packaging film, including fibrous food casings which has modified cling properties for packaging sausage products. The cellulosic food casings have a fibrous reinforcement impregnated with regenerated cellulose composition which contains from about 0.01 to 2.5 weight percent of admixture of a viscose solution and a food grade cationic resin adhering agent and from about 0.001 to 2.5 weight percent of a protein. The film is prepared by impregnating a tubular fiber reinforcement with a viscose composition containing the resin and protein. The impregnating composition is applied in a single step by injecting the resin and protein into the viscose solution before being extruded into the fibrous web. This assures both even distribution of the polymeric adhering agent and protein in the web, as well as maintenance of a constant level of polymer and protein being applied during the coating process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making an odor adsorbent tampon or related catamenial device. The method of the present invention includes the steps of forming a plurality of fibers, preferably by extrusion, and impregnating or urging into or inserting into the interstices of the fibers with one or more odor adsorbent materials while the process of forming the fibers is being performed. Thereafter, the plurality of fibers so formed are suitably and conventionally brought together to produce the finished device. Preferably, the one or more odor adsorbent materials is in liquid form and/or is naturally sourced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catamenial/tampon device according to which the benefit of incorporating the desired odor adsorbent material in the first instance directly into the fibers as they are formed or spun results in eliminating the potential for dusting during processing of the device and the need for binders and/or thickening agents normally used.

Abstract: A tubular film for encasing food. The tubular film comprises a material which has been regenerated from a viscose solution. The tubular material is longitudinally stretched by from +8 to +40 percent and transversely stretched by from −20 to +40 percent while wet and the stretch is maintained during drying, said transverse stretch and longitudinal stretch being sufficient to obtain a surface area increase of at least 10 percent from the point of regeneration. In general, the tubular material has a wall thickness of from about 60 to about 90 percent of the same tubular material except without the combined stretch. The invention also includes the method for making the tubular material by stretching the regenerated tubular material while wet and maintaining the stretch during drying.

Abstract: A tubular film for encasing food. The tubular film comprises a material which has been regenerated from a solution of cellulose in a solvent comprising carbon disulfide. The tubular material is longitudinally stretched by from 8 to 30 percent and transversely stretched by from -3 to +10 percent while wet and the stretch is maintained during drying, said transverse stretch being less than 75 percent of the longitudinal stretch, to obtain a longitudinal crystalline orientation. In general, the tubular material has a wall thickness of from 75 to 90 percent of a tubular material which is identical except for being longitudinally unstretched. The invention also includes the method for making the tubular material by stretching the tubular material while wet and maintaining the stretch during drying.

Abstract: An improved continuous process for the manufacture of tubular food casings, which allows for the regeneration of casing without an interruption of the process to drive out liquids and gases produced during coagulation and regeneration of the casing, characterized by the steps of: extruding an alkaline viscose solution through an extrusion die within a coagulation bath; coagulating and regenerating the viscose solution thereby producing gases and extruding a tubular casing whereby the gases are entrapped within the casing; inducing a countercurrent flow of gases entrapped within the casing opposite the extrusion direction; and continuously venting the gases through an orifice within the extrusion die. This process permits the non-interrupted extrusion and regeneration of tubular food casings associated with the prior art wherein the process is frequently interrupted to allow exhaustion of liquids and gases.

Abstract: A tubular film for encasing food. The tubular film comprises a material which has been regenerated from a viscose solution. The tubular material is longitudinally stretched by from +8 to +40 percent and transversely stretched by from -20 to +40 percent while wet and the stretch is maintained during drying, said transverse stretch and longitudinal stretch being sufficient to obtain a surface area increase of at least 10 percent from the point of regeneration. In general, the tubular material has a wall thickness of from about 60 to about 90 percent of the same tubular material except without the combined stretch. The invention also includes the method for making the tubular material by stretching the regenerated tubular material while wet and maintaining the stretch during drying.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for transporting a solution of cellulose in an aqueous tertiary amine-oxide through a component wherein said cellulose solution has different flow rates in said component, characterized in that an outlet wherethrough part of said cellulose solution is discharged from said component is provided at a point within said component whereat said flow rate is relatively low. (FIG.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for producing tubular sausage casings wherein regeneration of the interior portion of the viscose casing is initiated prior to regeneration of the exterior portion of the casing.

Abstract: An adjustable reaction tub for making tubular cellulosic casings from viscose, the tub having upper rollers mounted to a frame and lower rollers on a roll support mounted to the same frame for adjustable positioning of the lower rollers at any of a range of depths within the tub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for the regeneration of cellulosic artificial sausage casings including the steps of immersing the regenerating casing in at least one regeneration bath including a solution of sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid, and subsequently immersing the regenerated casing in at least one finishing bath to remove impurities from the regenerated casing and further including the steps of maintaining regeneration bath at a temperature greater than 80.degree. C., sparging gas against the regenerating casing in said bath and actively cooling the regenerating casing upon withdrawal from the regeneration bath, spraying the regenerated casing with finishing solution above finishing bath and sparging gas against the regenerated casing in the finishing bath.

Abstract: A spinning device for the production of man-made fibers, in particular of cellulose regenerated fibers, including at least one spinning pump, at least one feed pipe line, at least one spinneret and a bath-like container for the precipitation bath whereby the feed pipe lines can be swivelled around at least one joint at any one time which is characterized in that the joint is movable in substantially horizontal and vertical direction. In one embodiment of the device the joint can be swivelled around one pivot respectively. With the device according to this invention, it is possible to simply swivel the spinnerets out of a deeper container which is required to enable a longer immersion path of the fibers.

Abstract: A method for the production of a tampon formed of a blend of regenerated solid cellulosic viscose fibres, is provided in which the blend includes a first set of fibres having a first cross-sectional characteristic and a second set of fibres having a second cross-sectional characteristic. The first cross-sectional characteristic is different from the second cross-sectional characteristic. The method includes the improvement of forming the blend by forming a tow of viscose rayon fibres having the same blend ratio of first and second sets of fibres as is required in the tampon by spinning viscose dope through a jet to form a plurality of filaments. The jet has a plurality of dimensionally controlled holes pierced therein. In this way a plurality of different fibre cross-sectional shapes or sizes are simultaneously formed directly in the tow by spinning the viscose dope through the jet having the required plurality of different shaped or sized holes pierced therein.

Abstract: An apparatus to manufacture a cellulose food casing including a nonderivatized cellulose film precipitated in tubular form from an extruded thermoplastic solution of cellulose and an amine oxide cellulose solvent.

Abstract: Staple fibres of solvent-spun cellulose are made by a method in which:i) cellulose is dissolved in an amine oxide solvent to form a hot cellulose solution,ii) the hot cellulose solution is extruded through a die assembly to form a tow of continuous filaments,iii) the tow is passed through a water bath to leach out the amine oxide,iv) the tow is crimped by passing through a stuffer box in which it is compressed to apply crimp,v) dry steam being injected into the stuffer box during the crimping process, andvi) the crimped tow is passed to a cutter and cut to the desired fibre length. An apparatus is also provided in which the staple fibres can be made.

Abstract: In a system for the production of solvent-spun cellulose tow, trash and other undesirable material is detected by a device which projects a light beam across the tow and a receiver for the beam which initiates a signal if the beam is obscured beyond a predetermined amount.

Abstract: Viscose filaments, preferably in staple fibre form, which have a decitex of less than 5.0 and a multi-limbed cross-section, the limbs having a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least 2:1. Examples of multi-limbed cross-sectional shapes are Y-, X-, H- and T-shapes. The fibre can be formed into woven, non-woven or knitted fabrics, and is especially useful for absorbent products.

Abstract: A process for the production of rayon fibers. The viscose solution is spun into a spinbath which is acidic in character but has no zinc salt like conventional baths. The spin bath contains sulphuric acid, aluminum sulphate and sodium sulphate. The spinning is at temperatures of 35.degree.-60.degree. C. Usual stretching and post spinning operations are carried out as necessary. The regenerated cellulose fibers obtained are of novel cross-sections, namely of `c` cross section not achieved ever before. The fibers exhibit increased luster and softness.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of making flat stock fibrous cellulosic food casings containing a low plasticizer level of between about 10 wt. % and about 17 wt. %, including at least about 9 wt. % polyol, both based upon the bone dry weight of cellulose in the casing, This process comprising forming a fibrous web into a tube, annularly extruding viscose onto the tube, passing the viscose coated tube through a regenerating bath, and incorporating water-soluble plasticizer into either or both the resulting cellulosic gel stock fibrous tube and the dried fibrous tube.

Abstract: Fleece materials are coated, in particular on both sides, with a viscous liquid by applying the viscous liquid to at least one side of a web from at least two dies.

Abstract: Packaged fibrous and non-fibrous reinforced food casings containing sufficient water that presoaking prior to stuffing can be eliminated. The casings which rely on water as the sole or principal plasticizer do not rely on chemical type plasticizers like glycerin and propylene glycol. The premoisturized, ready-to-stuff casings are preserved with effective amounts of a high pH active antimycotic agent. Drying requirements can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a smoke-permeable, nonreinforced film comprising regenerated cellulose, for manufacturing tubular sausage casings which have a seam extending in the direction of their longitudinal axis. The film has a wet tear strength of from about 18 to 30 N/mm.sup.2, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, a degree of orientation in the range from about 1 to 1.2, and a number of alternate bends ranging from about 5,000 to 8,000 in the longitudinal direction, and from about 9,000 to 16,000, in the transverse direction.Also disclosed is a process for producing the film in which viscose is extruded in the form of a web, thereafter precipitated by treating it with a heated casting solution and then regenerated into cellulose hydrate gel. The casting solution used to precipitate the viscose comprises, per liter of solution, at least about 160 g of sulfuric acid and at least about 300 g of sodium sulfate and the molar ratio sulfuric acid/sodium sulfate is in the range from about 0.7 to 0.9.

Abstract: Apparatus for spinning viscose rayon comprising an acid bath having an enclosure arranged for substantially completely trapping and collecting any gases emanating from said bath, a plurality of fiber-forming jets disposed substantially along beneath the surface of said acid bath, means for forcing aqueous xanthated alkali cellulose in liquid form into said jets and through said jets upwardly into said bath, and take-up means located within said enclosure above said bath for taking up the resulting fibers in an upward direction within said enclosure, and thence through an enclosed secondary hot bath for the purpose of stretching the cellulose-xanthate, regenerating it to cellulose, and for trapping and collecting gases and other chemicals.

Abstract: Rayon fibers having high wet modulus, low wet elongation and low caustic solubility are prepared from an unmodified viscose spinning solution by spinning the viscose solution into a zinc-free coagulation bath containing at least 125 g/l of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, at least 125 g/l of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 and less than 100 g/l of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 while the bath is at a temperature above 40.degree. C. The coagulated filament is then stretched in a secondary bath maintained at a temperature over 70.degree. C.

Abstract: Rayon fibers having a C-shaped cross section and characterized by low caustic solubility are prepared from an unmodified viscose spinning solution having a salt index below 14 by spinning the viscose solution into a zinc-free coagulation bath containing at least 100 g/l of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, at least 175 g/l of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 and more than 100 g/l of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 while the bath is at a temperature above 40.degree. C. The coagulated filament is then stretched in a secondary bath maintained at a temperature over 70.degree. C.

Abstract: Alloy rayon fiber of regenerated cellulose and an at least partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid and a comonomer selected from an hydroxyalkyl (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) ester of such acid or a styrenic monomer. The copolymer is present in an amount effective to increase the fluid holding capacity of the fiber. Masses of the fibers are useful as surgical dressings, tampons and other fluid-absorbing articles.

Abstract: This relates to the formation of sausage casings formed of a fibrous tube by penetrating the tube or web with viscose. A specific coating and extrusion die is provided together with a statement of the discovery that where there is laminar flow the penetration of the viscose is not controlled by the orifice size per se, but by the relative application of the viscose with respect to a column of viscose passing through the same orifice at the same rate.

Abstract: Rayon fibers made by spinning a viscose containing dissolved starch. Starch grains may be slurried in water, then made alkaline with NaOH to form a solution and then added to viscose.

Abstract: A crimped, high wet modulus viscose rayon fiber having a multilobular, skin core cross-section wherein the core is surrounded by a discontinuous broken skin that imparts to fabrics an improved cover and hand properties. The fibers are formed from a modifier-free viscose. The elimination of the modifier reduces manufacturing costs and eliminates an environmental pollution problem created in the discharge of spinning baths containing modifiers.