Abstract: The present invention relates to a yarn, comprising (a) a plurality of fibers having an orientation angle of no more than 8.0 degrees and made of a para-aramid having an inherent viscosity of 5.2 to 6.2 dl/g, (b) a linear density of at least 2666 dtex (2400 denier), (c) a modulus of at least 810 grams per dtex (900 grams per denier), and (d) a tenacity of at least 18 grams per dtex (20 grams per denier). The invention further relates to methods of making such yarn.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a cellulose solution for spinning of fibers, filaments or films therefrom comprising the steps of: a) activating cellulose in a mixture containing said cellulose, tertiary amine oxide solvent and water for a period sufficient to allow a swelling of the cellulose by introduction therein of water present in said mixtures, the temperature of said activation step and concentration of solvent being such that the solvent is not converted into its monohydrate state during the step of activation; b) the cellulose mixture being subjected to the steps of dissolution of cellulose in the solvent by heating for removal of water so as to convert the solvent into at least its monohydrate form so as to cause a dissolution.

Abstract: A porous media, a housing containing a porous media and methods for fabricating the housing containing a porous media are provided. The porous media is composed of varying amounts of sorptive binding particles in combination with polymer particles, for example silica particles mixed with polyethylene beads. The porous media is sintered into target housings, for example pipette tips, for use in desalting, purifying and separating biomolecules in target samples. The porous media is also formed into porous media discs via pressure and heating for insertion into housing devices.

Abstract: In the manufacture of cellulose ester fibers, a dope is extruded into filaments. Extrusion occurs in an elongated cabinet having an outlet for the filaments. The filaments are taken up after exiting the outlet. The filaments are lubricated at the outlet of the cabinet.

Abstract: A process for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) multi-filament yarns having improved tensile properties and the yarns and articles thereby produced.

Abstract: Methods for preparation of high strength yarns having superior yarn-to-yarn uniformity of denier, tenacity and tensile modulus and uniform unidirectional fibrous sheets. Ballistic composites prepared from these yarns and fibrous sheets have improved uniformity of ballistic resistance. The drawn yarns, fibrous sheets and articles made therefrom are more uniform than the prior art and are useful in applications requiring impact absorption and ballistic resistance, such as body armor, helmets, breast plates, helicopter seats, spall shields; composite sports equipment such as kayaks, canoes, bicycles and boats; and in fishing line, sails, ropes, sutures and fabrics.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for obtaining fibers and strips from colloidal particles, characterized in that it consists in: 1) dispersing said particles in a solvent optionally using a surfactant; 2) injecting the resulting dispersion solution through at least an orifice emerging into a flow of an external solution, preferably, having a higher viscosity than said dispersion, the viscosity levels being measured in the same temperature and pressure conditions, so as to cause said particles to agglomerate into fibers or strips by destabilizing the particle dispersions and optionally aligning said particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayered material sheet comprising a consolidated stack of unidirectional monolayers of drawn polymer. The draw direction of two subsequent monolayers in the stack differs. Moreover the strength to thickness ratio of at least one monolayer is larger than 4.5.1013 N/m3. The invention also relates to a ballistic resistant article comprising the multilayered material sheet and to a process for the preparation of the ballistic resistant article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for producing bichromal balls that are adapted for use in high temperature applications. The bichromal balls find particular application in signs and display devices that can be used in environments in which the temperature exceeds 40° C.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a double-layer membrane of different polymers or polymer mixtures with opposite blood-compatible and tissue-compatible surfaces, a first polymer solution of a blood-compatible polymer and a second solution of a tissue-compatible polymer are extruded concurrently in layered form through a nozzle into a coagulation bath so as to form a double layer membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an aqueous sodium hydroxide/thiourea solution, specifically to the use of an aqueous sodium hydroxide/thiourea solution for pilot-scale production of cellulose products, wherein sodium hydroxide constitutes 8.1%-12.0% of the total weight of the aqueous solution, thiourea constitutes 3.0%-6.0% of the total weight of the aqueous solution, and said cellulose products include regenerated cellulose filaments, films, nonwovens, as well as composite fibers and/or functional materials of protein/cellulose, chitin/cellulose, Konjac Glucomannan/cellulose, nano-crystal particle/cellulose, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are wholly aromatic polyamide filament and a method of manufacturing the same, characterized by comprising multi-stage injection of a coagulant with sulfuric acid concentration lowered sequentially stage by stage, to a spun material fed into a coagulant injection tank. The present invention enables increase of a spinning and take-up velocity without occurrence of thread cutting by uniformly and evenly coagulating surface and inside of the spun material. In addition, the present invention recovers the coagulant or water already used and reuses the recovered coagulant or water in the earlier stages, so that it has advantages of saving production costs and reducing environmental contamination. Accordingly, the wholly aromatic polyamide filament produced according to the present invention has high crystallinity X, large apparent crystal size ACS and reduced defects in the crystal itself, thereby exhibiting more improved physical properties such as strength and modulus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing continuously molded bodies from a molding material, such as a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide. The apparatus (1) comprises a die plate (3) including extrusion orifices (4) through which the molding material is extruded into substantially filament-like continuously molded bodies (5). The continuously molded bodies (5) are passed through an air gap (6) and guided in a precipitation bath (9) by a deflector (10) to a bundling means (12) where they are united into a bundle of fibers. In the air gap, a blowing means (14) is provided for directing a cooling gas stream (15) onto the continuously molded bodies (5) in a direction transverse to the direction of passage (7).

Abstract: There is provided a porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin which has pores of appropriate size and distribution and also excellent mechanical strength represented by tensile strength and elongation at break and is useful as a microfiltration membrane or a separator for batteries. The porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin is characterized by the presence in mixture of a crystalline oriented portion and a crystalline non-oriented portion as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and is produced by subjecting a melt-extruded composition obtained by mixing a vinylidene fluoride resin having a molecular weight distribution which is appropriately broad and high as a whole with a plasticizer and a good solvent for vinylidene fluoride resin, to cooling for solidification from one surface, extraction of the plasticizer and stretching.

Abstract: A method of regulating the composition of the cellulose-containing extrusion solution in the production of cellulosic molded articles, whereby (a) cellulose is mixed with an aqueous amine oxide solution; (b) the mixture is converted to the extrusion solution by evaporation of water in vacuo at an elevated temperature and by input of shearing energy; (c) the extrusion solution is extruded, forming the cellulosic molded article, and is coagulated in a coagulation bath, and (d) the resulting molded article is washed to remove the residual amine oxide, characterized in that in step (a) the cellulose/amine oxide ratio is kept at a predetermined level by preregulation, and the water content of the extrusion solution is kept at a predetermined level by a main regulation after leaving step (b). This method allows accurate regulation of the composition of the solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for extruding continuously molded bodies, wherein an extrusion solution, in particular an extrusion solution containing water, cellulose and a tertiary amine oxide, is extruded through an extrusion orifice into a continuously molded body and is then deflected by means of a deflector (7). To improve the quality of the continuously molded bodies produced by the method or apparatus of the invention, the extrusion orifices are arranged in a row such that the individual, continuously molded bodies exit in the form of a curtain (3) form the extrusion head. This curtain is then deflected by the deflector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making highly homogenized cellulose solution, wherein the cellulose solution is obtained by obtaining a solidified N-methylmorphorine-N-oxide (hereinafter, referred to as ‘NMMO’) hydrates which is solidified a liquid-state NMMO hydrates comprising 10 to 18% by weight water by using a simple screw-type feeder and by controlling the temperature, feeding the solidified NMMO into a twin-screw type extruder continuously, obtaining a cellulose solution which is fully swelled in a few minutes by dispersing and mixing with cellulose powder in the twin-screw type extruder, and extruding a highly homogenized cellulose solution by feeding the obtained cellulose solution into a melting zone of the extruder to melting the cellulose solution in a few minutes by minimum heat and shear force.

Abstract: A process for producing cellulosic formed materials having high water retention capacity according to the dry-wet extrusion process by producing a solution of 5 to 20 wt.-% of cellulose in a hydrous tertiary amine oxide, extruding the solution, stretching the extrudate in a non-precipitating medium, and precipitating the formed materials in an aqueous or alcoholic precipitating bath, characterized by extruding a solution including 0.01 to 250 wt.-%, relative to cellulose, of at least one superabsorbent polymer having a grain size of ?100 ?m. The fibers, films, and composite materials being formed are remarkable for their high water retention capacity and are suitable in the production of hygiene products, baby or disposable diapers, sanitary towels, tampons, incontinence articles, absorbent patches, wound dressings, strappings, bandages, absorbent cloths, moisture-absorbing clothing, bed mattings, filter materials or filters, packaging materials, or cable sheathings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a continuously molded body from an extrusion solution preferably containing water, cellulose and a tertiary amine. The extrusion solution is extruded through an extrusion duct orifice to obtain a continuously molded body. The continuously molded body is passed through an air gap in which it is stretched. To increase the loop strength and to reduce the tendency to fibrillate, the mean acceleration and/or the mean heat flow density are controlled according to the invention in accordance with predetermined formulae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a continuous molding making use of an extrusion solution containing preferably water, cellulose and a tertiary amine oxide. The extrusion solution is extruded through an extrusion-channel opening so as to form a continuous molding. The continuous molding is conducted through an air gap in which it is drawn. In order to increase the non-looping property and in order to reduce the fibrillation tendency, the present invention is so conceived that the mean acceleration and/or the mean heat flow density are controlled in accordance with predetermined formulae.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing cellulosed shaped bodies. (a) Cellulose and an aqueous aminoxide are mixed, whereby a suspension is produced. (b) A cellulose solution is produced from the suspension, whereby water evaporates. (c) A first property and a second property of the produced cellulose solution is measured and the measured value is used for correcting the composition of the solution and (d) the cellulose solution is extruded through a gap of air and into an aqueous regenerating bath where said solution is coagulated to form shaped bodies.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing shaped bodies, especially threads or foils, from at least one polymer of the groups consisting of polysaccharide, polysaccharide derivative or polyvinyl alcohol by forming a solution of the polymer that contains an additive in a solvent containing amine-N-oxide, extruding the solution and precipitating the extrudate by contacting with a coagulant. The invention is characterized in that at least two polymeric solutions are formed. At least one of the two polymeric solutions contains one or more finely distributed additives and the at least two polymeric solutions are simultaneously extruded forming a combined extrudate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an air filter medium comprising nanofibers, the filter medium having a thickness of less than 0.25 millimeters, a Figure of Merit of greater than about 0.075, and an efficiency of greater than about 99.9% when capturing aerosol particles of about 0.18 microns in size and a pressure drop of less than about 40 millimeters water column at a flow rate of about 32 liters/minute through a sample 100 cm2 in size. A coating of the nanofibers may also be used to enhance performance of existing filter media by increasing the FOM of the existing filter media. Preferably, the nanofibers are fibrillated.

Abstract: A process for making lyocell fibers including the steps of pulping raw material in a digester to provide an alkaline pulp, wherein the raw material includes sawdust in an amount greater than 0% up to 100%; contacting the alkaline pulp including cellulose and at least about 7% hemicellulose under alkaline conditions with an amount of an oxidant sufficient to reduce the average degree of polymerization of the cellulose to the range of from about 200 to about 1100 without substantially reducing the hemicellulose content or substantially increasing the copper number of the pulp; and forming fibers from the pulp.

Abstract: A process for producing cellulosic formed materials having high water retention capacity according to the dry-wet extrusion process by producing a solution of 5 to 20 wt.-% of cellulose in a hydrous tertiary amine oxide, extruding the solution, stretching the extrudate in a non-precipitating medium, and precipitating the formed materials in an aqueous or alcoholic precipitating bath, characterized by extruding a solution including 0.01 to 250 wt.-%, relative to cellulose, of at least one superabsorbent polymer having a grain size of ≦100 &mgr;m. The fibers, films, and composite materials being formed are remarkable for their high water retention capacity and are suitable in the production of hygiene products, baby or disposable diapers, sanitary towels, tampons, incontinence articles, absorbent patches, wound dressings, strappings, bandages, absorbent cloths, moisture-absorbing clothing, bed mattings, filter materials or filters, packaging materials, or cable sheathings.

Abstract: A moldable pellet used for making high impact, non-abrasive recyclable structural composites consisting of a thermoplastic polymer or polymers, with or without fillers and additives, and a synthetic cellulosic fiber in yarn or tow form such as Rayon or Lyocell. The concentration of cellulose fiber within the pellet may vary from approximately 2-80 percent by weight or higher. This moldable pellet is suitable for molding in current molding applications such as, but not limited to, injection molding, extrusion compression molding, and compression molding.

Abstract: The present invention provides a seamless tubular film on a cellulose base, being produced by extruding an aqueous cellulose N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide spinning solution. The maximum degree of roughness Rmax is from greater than 0.1 &mgr;m to 0.5 &mgr;m and an average degree of roughness Rm is from 0.005 to 0.014 &mgr;m. On the surface of the tubular film is formed in contact with an electrolyte an electrokinetic potential, the size of which depends on the pH value of the electrolyte.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, lyocell products can be made with unbleached pulps resulting in products with high amounts of hemicellulose and high amounts of lignin as compared to conventional lyocell products. The lyocell products of the present invention are advantageously less expensive to produce but retain the desirable strength of conventional lyocell products.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a double-layer membrane of different polymers or polymer mixtures with opposite blood-compatible and tissue-compatible surfaces, a first polymer solution of a blood-compatible polymer and a second solution of a tissue-compatible polymer are extruded concurrently in layered form through a nozzle into a coagulation bath so as to form a double layer membrane.

Abstract: The invention concerns a coagulating agent for liquid crystal solutions with a base of cellulose substances, characterised in that it contains at least one water soluble additive selected from the group consisting of ammonia, amines of salt of these compounds, the additive being such that the pH of the said coagulating agent is greater than 6. A preferable additive is a salt elected from the group consisting of ammonium formates, acetates and phosphates, mixed salts of these compounds, or mixtures of these constituents, in particular diammonium orthophosphates (NH4)2HPO4. The invention also concerns a method for spinning a liquid crystal solution with a base of cellulose substances, using a coagulating agent as per the invention, in particular the method called the “dry-jet-wet-spinning” as well as spun articles, fibers or films, obtained by these methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing substantially endless fine threads from polymer solutions, especially spinning material for lyocell, wherein the spinning material is spun from at least one spinning hole or a spinning slot. The spun thread or film is drawn by high-speed accelerated gas flows using a Laval nozzle whose narrowest cross-section is located beneath the point where the spinning material exists. The threads are arranged on a strip in the form of a non-woven or are taken up in the form of a yarn and are subsequently separated in spinning baths by means of solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly oriented polyolefin fiber containing polyolefin with an intrinsic viscosity of at least 5 dl/g, which fiber has a tensile strength of at least 26 cN/dtex and a modulus of tension of at least 700 cN/dtex, a process for the preparation thereof and the use in ropes or anti-ballistic shaped articles. The invention also relates to improved ropes and anti-ballistic shaped articles. The highly oriented polyolefin fiber according to the invention has improved properties in applications such as, in particular, anti-ballistic shaped articles since the fiber contains 0.05-5 wt. % of a solvent for the polyolefin (relative to the total fiber weight).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for extruding continuously molded bodies, wherein an extrusion solution, in particular an extrusion solution containing water, cellulose and a tertiary amine oxide, is extruded through an extrusion orifice into a continuously molded body and is then deflected by means of a deflector (7). To improve the quality of the continuously molded bodies produced by the method or apparatus of the invention, the extrusion orifices are arranged in a row such that the individual, continuously molded bodies exit in the form of a curtain (3) form the extrusion head. This curtain is then deflected by the deflector.

Abstract: Process for producing fibres, film, casings and other products from modified soluble cellulose wherein the initial cellulose is hydrothermally treated at a temperature in the 100-200° C. range, under a pressure in the range from about 0.1 to 1.5 Mpa in a water/cellulose ration on a weight basis of at least 1:1 in the presence of a complex activator composed of Lewis acids and/or bases and/or their salts in an amount of at least 0.0001% by weight calculated on cellulose. The obtained modified cellulose pulp after, a possible purification, is in a dry or never dried condition, dissolved in an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxides. The dissolving is carried out at a temperature not lower than 0° C. for 1-120 minutes to obtain a homogenous spinning solution with the cellulose concentration at least 1% by weight. The alkaline cellulose solution is filtered, deaerated and coagulated by contacting it with water or aqueous acidic solutions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a spunlaid fabric containing solvent-spun cellulosic fibers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of making lyocell fibers. In particular, the process includes reducing the average degree of polymerization of a pulp to about 200 to 1100 without substantially reducing the hemicellulose content of the pulp, and reducing the copper number to less than 2.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method as well as a system for extruding continuously molded bodies for producing filaments or staple fibers from an extrusion solution, such as a cellulose solution containing water, cellulose and tertiary amine oxide such as N-methylmorpholine N-oxide. In comparison with the methods known from the prior art, profitability can be increased in the production of continuously molded bodies (3) if the extrusion rate v is set to a value v=B·T0.33·10,000·(1/r2). In a system, profitability can be enhanced if the number r of rows is r=[(B/v)·10,000·T0.33]1/2. T is here the fiber titer in T dtex, v the extrusion rate in m/min, r the number of the rows of extrusion duct orifices (12), and B an operational parameter which is not more than 4 and at least 0.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of cellulosic fibers from solutions of cellulose in an aqueous tertiary amine oxide whereby the extruded fibers are led through a precipitating bath and cut and the cut fibers are passed through a series of water baths in the form of a fleece and then dried, whereby the wash baths are connected to each other and fresh washing liquor is applied to the last wash bath and led in countercurrent with the transportation direction of the fibre fleece to the first wash bath. The process in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the pH value of each of these wash baths is maintained higher than 8.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a continuous moulding (11) making use of an extrusion solution containing preferably water, cellulose and a tertiary amine oxide. The extrusion solution is extruded through an extrusion-channel opening (10) so as to form a continuous moulding. The continuous moulding is conducted through an air gap (12) in which it is drawn. In order to increase the non-looping property and in order to reduce the fibrillation tendency, the present invention is so conceived that the mean acceleration and/or the mean heat flow density are controlled in accordance with predetermined formulae.

Abstract: This application relates to producing biaxially stretched tubular cellulose films for the food industry. In particular, the biaxial stretching is obtained by using rollers to stretch the casings longitudinally and to use increased air pressure inside the films to radially stretch the casings. The obtained product may also be cut to provide longitudinal strips for the production of smaller tubular films.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of cellulosic fibres by extruding a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide through spinning holes of a spinning nozzle and conducting the extruded filaments into a precipitation bath via an air gap while they are drawn off, the filaments in the air gap being exposed to the flow of a gas. The invention is characterized in that for the temperature (T) of the gas before the contact with the filaments 60° C.<T<90° C. is correct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a continuously molded body (11) from an extrusion solution preferably containing water, cellulose and a tertiary amine. The extrusion solution is extruded through an extrusion duct orifice (10) to obtain a continuously molded body. The continuously molded body is passed through an air gap (12) in which it is stretched. To increase the loop strength and to reduce the tendency to fibrillate, the mean acceleration and/or the mean heat flow density are controlled according to the invention in accordance with predetermined formulae.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing extruded, cellulosic continuous shaped bodies from an extrusion solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amino-oxide. In order to improve the textile properties of the extruded continuous shaped bodies with regard to the prior art, the invention provides that the continuous shaped body (5) is conveyed, with essentially no tensile stress, on a conveying device (11) between an extrusion nozzle opening and a take-off unit (24). To this end, the speed of conveyance of the interconnected conveying device (11) is preferably less than the extrusion rate and less than the take-off rate of the take-off unit (24). By employing these measures, the textile properties such as loop strength and tendency to fibrillate can be considerably improved.

Abstract: A hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane is provided. The casting solution used to make this membrane includes a fiber-forming polymer having a degree of polymerization greater than about 1000, a water-soluble polymer, an anhydride with about 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a solvent. The membrane is formed by mixing and heating these components to form a viscous dope and then extruding the dope through an annular orifice to form a hollow fiber MF membrane. The hollow fiber membrane is then fed through a coagulation bath and two leaching baths. The membrane is especially useful for filtering liquids, such as wine and juice, so as to remove bacteria, gel, and solid particles from the liquids.

Abstract: The invention is lyocell fiber characterized by a pebbled surface as seen at high magnification and having a variable cross section and diameter along and between fibers. The fiber is produced by centrifugal spinning, melt blowing or its spunbonding variation. The fibers can be made in the microdenier range with average weights as low as one denier or less. The fibers have inherently low gloss and can be formed into tight yarns for making fabrics of very soft hand. Alternatively, the fibers can be formed into self bonded nonwoven fabrics.

Abstract: Method for the production of cellulose fibers of —filaments from cellulose according to the dry-wet-extrusion method with aqueous amine oxides, especially N-methyl morpholine-N-oxide as solvent, where

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of sizing nonderivatized extruded cellulosic tubes by the use of a mandrel structure that includes a hollow sizing portion having openings which gather gas bubbles that may evolve at the interface between the extruded tube and the sizing portion and allows the gas to pass into the hollow interior of the mandrel. The mandrel contains a sizing portion larger than the extruded tube, which allows for improved sizing of nonderivatized extruded tubes that are used as casings.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of a cellulose molded body according to the amine-oxide process, which results in a molded body having reduced and effectively controllable fibrillation properties.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to overcome the problem of fibrillation which is a drawback found in solvent-spun regenerated cellulosic fibers and to thereby provide high-quality regenerated cellulosic fibers. The regenerated cellulosic fibers are produced by the use of a spinning dope of cellulose dissolved in a solvent containing N-methylmorpholine N-oxide under the conditions that the average degree of polymerization of cellulose contained in the spinning dope is held to 400 or lower and 5% to 30% by weight of the cellulose is adjusted to a degree of polymerization of 500 or higher. Thus a pseudo-liquid-crystalline phenomenon can be allowed to occur in the stretched filaments during spinning, so that the resulting regenerated cellulosic fibers have improved resistance to fibrillation as well as improved dyeability and feeling.

Abstract: A cellulose formate fiber of liquid-crystal origin, having a high elongation at break and having the following characteristics: a) under an optical polarizing microscope, its filaments have a banded structure typical of its liquid-crystal origin; b) it satisfies the following relationships: DS≧2; Ar≧8; Te<45; Mi>500; Er>10, DS being the degree of substitution of the cellulose with formate groups in the fiber (in %), Ar the elongation at break (in %) of the fiber, Te its tenacity (in cN/tex), Mi its initial modulus (in cN/tex) and Er its energy at break (in J/g). Also, a process for obtaining this cellulose formate fiber by “dry-jet-wet-spinning” of a liquid-crystal solution of cellulose formate, in which water is used as coagulating agent. A fiber of cellulose regenerated from cellulose formate which itself has a high value of elongation at break, and a process for obtaining this fiber.