Abstract: Incorporating fibrous filler into an elastomer by adding to a screw extruder an aqueous slurry of an organic fibrous filler having a length less than about 25 mm and an elastomer latex, e.g., polychloroprene latex. The latex and slurry are fed to the extruder and the latex is coagulated in the extruder. The coagulated latex containing fibrous filler is fed to a dewatering zone. The flow of coagulated elastomer is restricted so that water present in the coagulated elastomer is separated by means of a vent in the extruder upstream from the restriction and discharging and recovering the fiber-filled elastomer. The compound can be used for the manufacture of power transmission belts.

Abstract: A process for substantially eliminating surface melt fracture during extrusion of a thermoplastic polymer such as a molten narrow molecular weight distribution, linear, ethylene copolymer, by incorporating into the thermoplastic polymer a wood rosin or wood rosin derivative.

Abstract: A process for continuously producing a heat-vulcanizable silicone rubber compound, which includes the steps of:(i) mixing (A) a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity as measured at 25.degree. C. of 1.times.10.sup.5 cP or more, (B) an inorganic filler and (C) a processing aid, as basic ingredients, by a high-speed mechanical shearing machine, thereby to obtain a flowable particulate mixture in which each ingredient is present in a substantially uniformly and finely dispersed state, and(ii) continuously feeding, at a constant feed rate, said particulate mixture to a continuously kneading and extruding machine through a feed opening thereof, which machine has two screws rotating in the same direction, thereby to obtain a homogeneous silicone rubber compound from a discharge opening of said kneading and extruding machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for flash-spinning plexifilamentary film-fibril strands of polymers that are substantially plasticizable in carbon dioxide and/or water and have a melting point less than 300.degree. C. More particularly, the strands are flash-spun from mixtures of carbon dioxide, water and the polymer. The invention also relates to the film-fibril strands produced by the inventive process.

Abstract: Excellent color stabilization as well as integrity is obtained in thin film and fibers exposed to bright sunlight at relatively high temperature, in polyolefin (PO) articles pigmented with blue and green phthalocyanine, and red azo and disazo pigments. The pigment is combined with two `large molecule` primary stabilizers, the first a piperidyl-based (PDYL) hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), and the second, a 3,5-disubstituted-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (3,5-DHBZ). The first contains at least two polysubstituted piperidyl rings in its molecule; the second is a hindered phenol with an ester group in the para- position. Stabilization of the PO's color is obtained for as long as the PO articles themselves are stabilized by the combination of primary stabilizers, typically, their useful life. With the combination, the pigmented articles are not only thermooxidatively and light-stabilized, but there is exceptionally low color fade.

Abstract: The present invention enables production of an aromatic polyester film having no surface defect and a uniform thickness, while achieving a high productivity, by allowing a molten film of an aromatic polyester to adhere onto a rotating cooling drum to cool the molten film. The molten film has electrical properties characterized by a relatively small AC volume resistivity and has excellent basic properties necessary for adhering onto the rotating cooling drum.

Abstract: Porous ceramic articles are made by a method that allows the formed green body to be dried in a dielectric oven without arcing or shorting occurring while maintaining favorable physical properties. The method includes adding water insoluble cellulose and graphite to the ceramic-forming precursors as a burnout material. The method is particularly useful in forming porous cordierite articles that are extruded to form a honeycomb structure conventionally used as a particulate filter for the exhaust fluids of diesel engines. Such articles have a matrix of thin walls forming a multiplicity of open-ended cells extending from one end to another end of the honeycomb. The thin walls have a substantially smaller coefficient of thermal expansion in the direction parallel to the axes of the open-ended cells than in the direction transverse to the thin walls.

Abstract: An X-ray detectable spandex fiber and a method for producing it from a segmented polyurethane polymer comprising finely divided X-ray detectable material such as barium sulfate.

Abstract: Elastomer film is extruded or coextruded against an engraved geometric micropattern roll which forms a geometric pattern of raised intersecting ridges or ribs on the film surface, and subsequently oriented in one or both directions to produce a heat-shrinkable, elastic film which retains its geometric micropattern embossment to an unexpectedly high degree, and which therefore has excellent non-blocking properties, reduced gloss and a satin appearance and feel.

Abstract: A process involving mixing an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer and an organopolysiloxane at a temperature of at least 160.degree. C. for a sufficient length of time to provide a melt index of 0.05 to 8 grams per 10 minutes.

Abstract: A superconductive ceramic wire or film comprises 100 parts by weight of superconductive oxide crystal composed of a rare earth element, an alkaline earth metal, copper, and oxygen, and 0.2-5.0 parts by weight of copper oxide, thereof.

Abstract: Ultra-fine polymeric fibers are produced from various polymeric materials by mixing with thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol) and extruding the mixture through a die followed by further orientation. The poly(vinyl alcohol) is extracted to yield liberated ultra-fine polymeric fibers. The polymer utilized can include post-consumer polymer waste.

Abstract: Polyester fibers produced by adding a compound of the following general formula (1), (2) or (3) to a polyester (a) comprising ethylene terephthalate as the main recurring unit and melt-spinning the resulting composition: ##STR1## which can be easily spun and have an excellent hand.

Abstract: Fibrous magnesium oxysulfate particles having a length of 10 to 100 .mu.m and a thickness of less than 1 .mu.m are used as an antiblocking agent for plastic films, especially polyolefin resin films.

Abstract: An elastomer masterbatch or a compounded productive elastomer stock is made using a twin screw extruder to mix elastomer components in multiple mixing zones at controlled temperatures. Elastomer and other ingredients are fed into the twin screw extruder continuously through precise loss-in-weight or volumetric feeders. The degradation temperature and/or cross linking temperature of the elastomer determines the rate at which the elastomer can be processed, since friction created during mixing heats the elastomer. Accordingly, the maximum rate of compounding is a function of the torque limit, cooling efficiency, and conveying capacity of the extruder. The conveying capacity and torque limit are also a function of the size of the extruder. The viscosity of the elastomer compound in the extruder, as measured by a Mooney viscosimeter (ASTM D1646), is typically in the range of about 20 to 250 units (ML(1+4)100C).

Abstract: An improved process is provided for flash-spinning plexifilamentary film-fibril strands of a fiber-forming polyolefin from a C.sub.4-7 hydrocarbon/co-solvent spin liquid that, if released to the atmosphere, presents a greatly reduced ozone depletion hazard, as compared to the halocarbon spin liquids currently-used commercially for making such strands. The resulting plexifilamentary film-fibril strands have increased tenacity and improved fibrillation compared to strands flash-spun from 100% hydrocarbon spin liquids.

Abstract: This invention relates to extruding films made from vinylidene chloride copolymers. Specifically, this invention relates to a method for lowering the oxygen permeability and enhancing the thermal stability and enhancing the melt shear stability of packaging films having a layer of vinylidene chloride copolymer film by adding a processing aid such as an epoxy resin to vinylidene chloride copolymer of low molecular weight. The conventional stabilizer/plasticizer combination of epoxy resin and 2-ethyl-hexyl diphenyl phosphate may be employed with the vinylidene chloride copolymer. The layer of vinylidene chloride copolymer can be as thin as 0.18 mil.

Abstract: A thin-walled ferrocement product is formed from mortar supplied in a liquid or semi-liquid state, and a thin foraminous layer of reinforcement positioned centrally between the opposite wall surfaces of the product. The liquid or semi-liquid mortar is deposited in a uniform layer on a conveyor and the reinforcing material is positioned parallel to the lower surface of the conveyor. In a preferred embodiment, the material is maintained under tension at the desired position above the conveyor surface as the mortar is deposited onto the conveyor and flows through the foraminous reinforcing layer. The mortar is developed to a coherent plastic state before removal from the conveyor, preferably with the application of heat. The developed plastic material may be formed into various configurations, or may be maintained flat, while subjected to curing to a solid state. The developed plastic ferrocement material may be separated into convenient lengths for handling.

Abstract: Draw breaks are reduced in the spinning and drawing of certain pigmented nylon filaments by incorporating at least 5% of polycaproamide in the melt shortly before spinning.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming shaped articles having a continuous phase of an oriented thermoplastic polymer containing cross-linked polymer microbeads at least partially bordered by void space. The thermoplastic polymer in molten form is mixed with a plurality of the crosslinked polymer microbeads, and the mixture is then formed into a shaped article. The article is stretched in at least one direction to orient it. The orienting conditions and the character and quantity of crosslinked polymer microbeads is effective to form voids in the article at least bordering the microbeads on sides thereof in the direction(s) of orientation.

Abstract: An impact resistant film suitable for medical solution pouches and the packaging of parenteral materials generally includes an interior layer of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and outer layers of a propylene homopolymer or copolymer blended with a styrene ethylene butylene styrene copolymer. In some cases, a flexible copolyester may be substituted for one of the outer blend materials. Sacrificial layers may be optionally included on one or both outer surfaces of the film to improve processing. Additional interior layers of olefin polymers and copolymers such as EVA, and polymeric adhesive layers can also be included. At least one of the EVA or polymeric adhesive layers preferably includes a carbonate of an alkali metal. The flexible copolyester layer preferably includes a high molecular weight stabilizer.

Abstract: A method for extruding polyvinyl alcohol which comprisesadding sufficient energy to the polyvinyl alcohol to both melt it and essentially eliminate the crystallinity in the melt, andsimultaneously removing energy from the melt at a rate sufficient to avoid decomposition of the polyvinyl alcohol.Rapidly cooling the extruded melt reduces the heat history and improves the resulting color of the extrudable polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A biologically degradable film is prepared consisting of a synthetic polymer and a biologically degradable polymer. The biologically degradable polymer is divided into small particles in an aqueous suspension by means of enzymes that split and release small molecules from the surface of the biopolymer particles. After achieving desired particle size, an emulsion is formed with vegetable oil and the particles coated with enzyme protein become coated with vegetable oil, which at the same time interrupts the degradation of the biopolymer particles by the enzyme. The coated particles with the oil are separated from the suspension to remove small molecules after which the particles are re-dried and then pulverized. The final film is prepared in a film extruder in which the biopolymer is mixed with the synthetic polymer and possibly other additives that are generally used informing polymer films.

Abstract: A stretched film of polypropylene which is excellent in transparency, substantially free of an antiblocking agent and at least uniaxially stretched and which is characterized in that it has uniformly distributed projections having a height ranging from 0.05 to 0.50 .mu. and a width ranging from 10 to 100 .mu. at least on the surface thereof as well as a method for preparing the foregoing stretched film of polypropylene which comprises the steps of forming, into a sheet, polypropylene which comprises a nucleating agent in an amount selected so that the crystallization temperature of polypropylene is increased by 1.degree.to 10.degree. C. by the addition thereof and then stretching the sheet at a temperature ranging from 140.degree. to 165.degree. C. are herein disclosed.

Abstract: Dyeable fibers are formed from polypropylene by blending a major portion of polypropylene with a minor portion of 1) a copolymer of nylon 6,6 and substantially equimolar amounts of hexamethylene diamine and an alkali metal salt of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid or 2) a basic reaction product of substantially equimolar amounts of N-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine and adipic acid, hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid and optionally .epsilon.-caprolactam. The blend is formed in an extruder and extruded into filaments which are quenched in air, stretched 2-4.times. (preferably at an elevated temperature) and bulked using a jet of heated turbulent fluid. The thusly bulked filaments are then dyed.

Abstract: The process for production of polyacrylonitrile hollow threads with a stable, asymmetric pore structure by a dry-wet-spinning process with glycerine-based core liquids, definite draw and after treatment conditions and a treatment with alcohols and drying.

Abstract: A method of coloring a polycarbonate extruded or molded product for optical members, which is colored by a liquid coloring process for obtaining a colored polycarbonate extruded or molded product for optical members by extrusion or injection molding. The process involves mixing a polycarbonate resin for optical members and a liquid coloring agent dispersion obtained by dispersing a coloring agent in a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent includes a specific saturated fatty acid ester or silicon oil. After mixing the polycarbonate resin and liquid coloring agent dispersion, the resulting mixture is melted and thereafter extruded or molded to form a product for optical members.

Abstract: A method comprising melting a mixture of at least one thermoplastic polyolefin and at least one additive having the general formula, ##STR1## and extruding the resulting melt through a die at a shear rate of from about 50 to about 30,000 sec.sup.-1 and a throughput of no more than about 5.4 kg/cm/hour, in which:(A) R.sub.1 -R.sub.7 are independently selected monovalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl groups;(B) R.sub.8 is hydrogen or a monovalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group;(C) m represents an integer of from 0 to about 5(D) n represents an integer of from 3 to about 8;(E) the additive has a molecular weight of from about 350 to about 700;(F) the additive has a polydispersity of from about 1.0 to about 1.3; and(G) the additive is present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 1.

Abstract: Colored, high strength, high modulus p-aramid fibers are prepared by including an organic pigment which is soluble in but not degraded by concentrated sulfuric acid in a p-aramid spinning dope wherein the solvent is concentrated sulfuric acid and spinning the pigment containing dope through an air gap into a coagulation bath and washing and drying the resulting fibers. The dissolved pigment is precipitated by the coagulation bath as particles with a diameter of less than 0.50 microns.

Abstract: A method of making a shaped thermoplastic article includes the following steps: mixing plastic filler particles of a maximum size of 0.7 mm to a thermoplastic material in a maximum percentage of about 15 weight percent for affecting a surface roughness of the article; processing the mixture resulting from the mixing step to obtain the shaped thermoplastic article; and maintaining the temperature of the mixture during the performance of the mixing and processing steps at a level below the melting temperature of the plastic filler particles.

Abstract: A polytetrafluoroethylene porous material and a process for producing the same are disclosed, the material comprising a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 2,000,000 or more and polytetrafluoroethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or less, the material having been stretched at least uniaxially.

Abstract: A blender for plastic materials weighs a charge of virgin plastic pellets as they are added to a hopper, similarly weighs plastics regrind material as it is added to the hopper, calculates the weight of color material (or other additive) on the basis of the actual virgin material weight and the desired color percentage, calculates from the weight of color material and a calibration of a volumetric feeder the volumetric amount of color material needed and then dispenses the calculated volume of color material. The apparatus is hybrid, using weight ratio measuring devices for the primary components and a volumetric feeder for dispensing the additives.

Abstract: Process for producing producer-colored nylon fibers which are stain-resistant to acid dyes are made by adding pigment to nylon copolymers containing 0.25-4.0 percent by weight of an aromatic sulfonate or an alkali metal salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for the production of concrete roofing products of reduced weight loading having a thickness in section of not greater than 15 mm. The process involves forming an asbestos-free cementitious composition comprising (i) lightweight aggregate, (ii) hydraulic cement, (iii) water and (iv) reinforcing fibers in an amount of not more than 4% by weight of the total weight of the composition but the fibers being present in an amount sufficient to provide a reinforcing effect and impact strength in the roofing product, the cementitious composition being capable of being shaped by a roller and slipper method, and thereafter shaping the cementitious composition by the method to provide a shaped extrudate, dividing the extrudate to form sections and curing the sections to provide roofing products, wherein the reinforcing fibers have lengths of 0.5 mm to 20 mm. The impact resistant roofing products are useful as roofing tiles, or a replacement for shingles, shakes and slates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for increasing the orientation rate during manufacturing a heat-shrinkable (oriented) polymeric film including: (a) introducing a pro-rad agent to a cross-linkable polymer by blending the cross-linking agent with the cross-linkable polymer, (b) extruding the blended cross-linkable polymer, (c) subjecting the extruded polymer to irradiation, (d) orienting the extruded polymer in at least one direction, and (e) recovering an oriented polymeric film, wherein (f) both the original amount of pro-rad agent and the dosage of irradiation are to an extent sufficient to provide an amount of cross-linking effective to accomplish an increased orientation rate during the orientation step.

Abstract: An extrusion process for difficultly melt processible resins, for example, a difficultly-melt-processible hydrocarbon polymer, having improved processibility and having incorporated therein an elastomeric fluorocarbon copolymer, for example, an amorphous vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and a crystalline vinylidene fluoride polymer.

Abstract: The production of concrete building products having thickness in section of not greater than 15 mm includes forming a cementitious composition containing aggregate, hydraulic cement and water. The composition is shaped by a roller and slipper method to produce a shaped extrudate which is then divided into form sections. The sections are then cured to provide the aesthetically pleasing product. The cementitious composition also contains reinforcing fibres. The building products are used for roofing tiles or replacement of shingles, shakes and slates.

Abstract: A process for producing a nylon 6,6 and polypropylene fiber wherein deposits of polypropylene on the yarn guide surface are substantially eliminated by adding nylon 6.

Abstract: A polytetrafluoroethylene porous material and a process for producing the same are disclosed, the material comprising a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 2,000,000 or more and polytetrafluoroethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or less, the material having been stretched at least uniaxially.

Abstract: A process for forming plastic tubing which involves extruding a molten plastic composition through a die which produces an extended length of plastic tubing, passing the hot tubing through a vacuum sizing tube wherein the wall of the tubing is sized by being drawn to the wall of the sizing tube by a vacuum, and cooling the sized tubing so that the tubing will be self-supporting at normal ambient temperatures, wherein the plastic composition contains a phosphorus-containing additive in an amount sufficient to cause an improvement in the smoothness of the interior of said tubing.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride venetian blind is provided which has a number of corrugated, translucent slats. The slats have staple fibers in their composition that gives them a sand or granite textured appearance and feel, so that the venetian blind has more natural and aesthetic appeal. The slats are formed by an extrusion process utilizing a mixture of polyvinyl chloride, titanium dioxide, plasticizer, tribasic lead sulfate, stearic acid and dyed staple fibers having a length of less than about 2 mm.

Abstract: A process of blow molding, and compositions useful in the process. The articles are blow molded from compositions formed from thermoplastic polymeric material, a fluorinated olefinic polymer or copolymer and, optionally, an elastomeric impact modifier.

Abstract: Pigmented curable polyester molding compounds which cure to give homogeneously colored moldings contain an unsaturated polyester, copolymerizable monomers, a thermoplastic polymer and a color pigment and are prepared by dispersing the pigment in the molten thermoplastic in an extruder.

Abstract: A wet and dry jet wet spinning process produce one or a plurality of siliceous-containing fibers. At least a partial hydrolyzate is formed from silicon alkoxides and/or colloidal dispersions of hydrolyzable metal oxides through acid catalyzed hydrolysis in the presence of a solvent. The ratio of amounts of the water to silicon alkoxide or hydrous oxide is around 1.5 to 1 up to less than around 4 to 1. Both the hydrolysis and polymerization reactions produce an ungelled hydrolyzate with a viscosity in the range of 70 to greater than 1000 poise. This hydrolyzate is extruded through a spinnerette into a gaseous environment for dry jet wet spinning followed by contacting with a nonsolvent liquid or directly into a nonsolvent liquid for wet spinning. The contacting with the nonsolvent liquid is for effective coagulation to produce cohesive fiber that may have some stickiness. The fiber is removed from the nonsolvent liquid where the fiber's length is continuous from the spinnerette to removal.

Abstract: Process of melt extruding through an extrusion die whose surface is coated with one or more metal oxides, M.sub.x O.sub.y, wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Al and Si, and x and y are selected to satisfy the valencies of M, a difficultly-melt-processible polymer containing 0.002-2 parts by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of at least one melt-processible fluorocarbon polymer processing aid having a fluorine to carbon ratio of at least 1:2 and having metal oxide-reactive sites capable of reacting with or physically associating with the metal oxide of the die surface.

Abstract: The method of making polystyrene foam for foam products which includes utilizing atmospheric gases as the blowing agents or preferably mixing one or more of these gases and a blending agent which is non-volatile at the extrusion temperatures, introducing the mixture to a molten thermoplastic polystyrene resin containing nucleating agents such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid and extruding the thermoplastic in the form of a foam. The resultant foam has substantially no residual blowing agent, is dimensionally stable at ambient temperatures and when used with a non-volatile blending agent can be made with small amounts of blowing agent permitting cooling of the melt without high loading on the extruder. The foam may be coextruded with one or more layers of thermoplastic films so that the resultant product is adpated for use for plates, cups, food containers or packaging and for labells for containers such as glass and plastic containers and for labels that are shrunk in place on a container.

Abstract: A process for extrusion, which requires:(i) Blending low density polyethylene having a density equal to or less than about 0.915 gram per cubic centimeter with a liquid hydrocarbon oil in an amount of about 5 to about 30 parts by weight of oil per 100 parts by weight of low density polyethylene; and(ii) extruding the blend.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition containing a ceramic powder per volume fill level of from 40 to 80% together with an oxidic sinter additive is prepared by melting the thermoplastic in a first zone of a mixing section consisting of a plurality of zones, admixing the molten plastic in the adjoining second zone with a suspension of a ceramic powder in an organic solvent which contains a hydrolyzable precursor compound of the oxidic sinter additive in solution, hydrolyzing the precursor compound in the third zone by adding water, removing the solvent and any volatile hydrolysis products by distillation under reduced pressure in the fourth zone, and compressing and extruding the melt containing the ceramic powder from the fifth zone.

Abstract: Thermoplastic materials containing ceramic powders as fillers are prepared by introducing the thermoplastics into a mixing zone comprising a plurality of zones. The thermoplastics are melted in a first zone. In the subsequent second zone, the molten plastic is mixed with a suspension of a ceramic powder in an organic solvent, and the solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure in the third zone. In the fourth zone, the melt containing the ceramic powder is compressed and extruded. The process is suitable for the preparation of thermoplastic materials having a degree of filling of from 40 to 80% by volume of ceramic powders.

Abstract: Aromatic/Aliphatic copolyamides are recovered from lactam-plasticized polymer then melted and extruded to form shaped structures.