Game Piece Patents (Class 273/288)
  • Patent number: 4213615
    Abstract: This invention relates to board games with movable playing pieces. More particularly, this invention relates to chess-type board games with movable playing pieces wherein the playing pieces are moved in accordance with selected patterns by one player in order to capture playing pieces of another player.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 24, 1978
    Date of Patent: July 22, 1980
    Inventor: Howard C. Price
  • Patent number: 4210335
    Abstract: A baseball game including a gameboard having a baseball field design, four decks of cards and moveable pieces shaped as a baseball player. The decks of cards include a pitcher's deck, a batter's deck, a defense deck and a catcher's deck. The pitcher's deck comprises (a) strike cards which include an indicia designating infield or outfield and (b) ball cards. When a strike card is exposed, a batter card is exposed which may be a clean hit card, a ground ball card or a fly ball card. If a ground ball card or a fly ball card is exposed, the position on the batter card must match that of the strike card otherwise a strike is called. If the positions on the batter card and the pitcher card match, a defense card or catcher's card is exposed and the outcome of the hit ball is determined by the instructions on the defense card.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 28, 1977
    Date of Patent: July 1, 1980
    Inventor: Bartholomew A. Licciardi
  • Patent number: 4201386
    Abstract: An apparatus for constructing the genealogies of famous and/or noble individuals is disclosed. The device consists of a board or pedigree surface and a series of 63 prism-like structures--one for the subject and one for each of his (her) 62 ancestors over the preceding five generations.Each of these prism-like structures contains nominal information on a particular individual as well as a short biographical sketch or anecdote. Included in the sketch or anecdote is that individual's relationship to one or more members of the family tree. These familial relationships enable users to correctly place ancestors with the aid of certain known points within the pedigree.These known points are board positions which are labeled with the same nominal information as found on the prism-like structures. The great majority of board positions, however, are unlabeled and the proper ancestor for each of these sites must be deduced from familial relationships contained in the biographical sketches.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 13, 1978
    Date of Patent: May 6, 1980
    Assignee: Triad Associates
    Inventors: Glenn C. Seale, George L. Frame
  • Patent number: 4201388
    Abstract: A game based upon the religious novel Pilgrim's Progress in which spiritual and moral values are an integral part thereof. A game board is divided into two sections of play and displays a path of travel, as in Pilgrim's Progress, along which the participants each move a marker, with progress along the path being determined by the turn of a spinner/compass, having two levels governing play over the two sections of the display path, or by a pair of dice, governing the direction and duration of diversions from the main path. There are corresponding sets of question and answer cards, with the question cards containing a biblical quotation with key words deleted therefrom and possible answer words provided therebelow, and with the answer cards indicating the correct words to be filled into the quotation. Winners are determined in two ways. One winner is the one whose marker first reaches the end point after traversing the entire path.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 12, 1977
    Date of Patent: May 6, 1980
    Inventor: Ruth F. Cantelon
  • Patent number: 4200293
    Abstract: This invention relates to games, and more particularly, to a chess-like board game. The game comprises, in the first embodiment, a gameboard having disposed thereon a playing field including a generally square area of individual checker-like squares forming said playing field. The squares form increments of travel for uniquely configured marker members. Each player is given a set of marker members, and each set has identification means for identifying the marker members of that set which belong to a particular player. Each marker member has eight sides with means disposed adjacent each side for indicating the number of squares that marker member may move in a predetermined direction. The game also includes chance means which is operable by each player for identifying the square upon which each of the marker members which belong to each player is placed at the inception of the game.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 1978
    Date of Patent: April 29, 1980
    Inventor: Harry Benson, III
  • Patent number: 4199145
    Abstract: A dental board game apparatus is provided which includes a board having a playing field, defined by an array of contiguous playing spaces, having a generally arched-shaped upper and lower periphery, the upper periphery of which is bounded by two first sets of eight playing spaces which collectively define the upper left and right quadrants, respectively, of the upper ridge of the mouth and individually define the respective location of an upper tooth of the mouth, and the lower periphery of which is bounded by two second sets of eight playing spaces which collectively define the lower left and right quadrants, respectively, of the lower ridge of the mouth and individually define the respective location of a lower tooth of the mouth.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 18, 1978
    Date of Patent: April 22, 1980
    Inventor: Frantz Gouraige, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4196905
    Abstract: A game involving the placing of checkers on a game board made up of 20 vertical columns and 20 horizontal files of squares in an attempt to align six or more checkers belonging to one team horizontally, vertically or diagonally is played by two opposing teams of two players per team. Each row of squares running diagonally in one direction is colored entirely in one of three separate colors. The squares making up the longests diagonal row appear in a neutral color, the squares in the next adjacent contiguous diagonal row on one side are colored pink and the squares on the next adjacent contiguous diagonal row on the other side of the neutral row are colored blue. The colors repeat and no two contiguous diagonal rows are the same color. Each team has 72 checkers colored either black or white to represent that team. Each checker has a spot on one side colored pink and a spot on the other side colored blue. Each player puts one checker on the board in turn.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 23, 1978
    Date of Patent: April 8, 1980
    Inventor: Frank F. Yanari
  • Patent number: 4193602
    Abstract: The invention relates to board game apparatus which comprises a surface which is provided with a playing area having an array of playing positions arranged regularly with respect to one another. At least some of the playing positions have one of a number of surface characteristics inscribed thereon. A plurality of playing pieces are used to play the game, each playing piece having one of a different number of shapes each arranged so as to cover, substantially exactly, a different whole number of playing positions on the playing surface.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 17, 1978
    Date of Patent: March 18, 1980
    Assignee: Christopher Mark Eliot
    Inventors: Christopher M. Eliot, Edward B. Taylor
  • Patent number: 4192512
    Abstract: A board game designed arounda "monster" theme wherein the object of the game is to proceed from a starting area to a weapons pickup area while avoiding capture by the monster and after pick up of a weapon to be the first to hunt down and destroy the monster. The board game apparatus includes a game board having a playing surface and a travel path defined by a plurality of spaced apart play stations extending between a starting area and the pickup area for weapons. A plurality of playing pieces are adapted to be moved along the travel path between the play stations and a chance device is utilized for directing the movement of the playing pieces along the travel path. The game board playing surface also includes a plurality of spaced apart foot spaces arranged in pairs to straddle the travel path. A toy figure in the form of a monster having spaced apart feet is adapted to stand on pairs of the foot spaces and straddle the travel path when the monster is in a standing position.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 31, 1978
    Date of Patent: March 11, 1980
    Assignee: Marvin Glass & Associates
    Inventors: Erick E. Erickson, Jeffrey D. Breslow
  • Patent number: 4188035
    Abstract: A game for one or two players comprising a conventional chessboard; pawns and play pieces of two colors having on their front side a different three-dimensional symbol, each symbol representing one of the chess pieces of a chess set and on their back side a slot adapted to removably hold an insert having a letter imprinted thereon above a representation of the symbol appearing on the front of the piece.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 8, 1978
    Date of Patent: February 12, 1980
    Inventor: Robert A. Metzler, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4186928
    Abstract: A simulated basketball game played by two players comprises a playing board having two simulated half-courts, color coded and lettered offensive and defensive positions in each half-court, corresponding color coded and lettered game pieces and a simulated ball providing each player with both an offensive and a defensive team in each half-court and a corresponding color and letter coded system of dials providing play and score opportunities simulating offensive and defensive style of play and situations encountered in the game of basketball.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 29, 1978
    Date of Patent: February 5, 1980
    Assignee: Tinker, Inc.
    Inventor: C. D. Hunt, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4185834
    Abstract: The invention relates to a word-forming game kit which contains a playing board bearing a grid of rectangles, a number of blank playing tiles and a number of lettered playing tiles which together represent most or all of the alphabet. Each lettered playing tile has on at least one face a minimum of two different letters of the alphabet and may bear up to six letters of the alphabet. The game kit is used to play a cross-word type game in which all the rectangles in the grid are filled by the end of the game. The game is won by the player who can claim the greatest number of tiles at close of play.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 19, 1978
    Date of Patent: January 29, 1980
    Inventors: Catherine M. C. Mozzi, Helmut Mozzi
  • Patent number: 4179129
    Abstract: A word forming board game wherein the letter bearing pieces are placed on the board in sequential order in linear, non-linear, adjacent and/or non-adjacent arrays in conformance with prescribed placement rules to form words. For example, successive letters of a word may be placed on the board such that they reflect successive moves of a conventional chess piece such as a king, pawn or knight. In a preferred embodiment, the board is provided with a rectangular matrix of evenly spaced apertures and the letter bearing pieces are each provided with a central aperture. Pegs are used to immovably secure the pieces to the board and the board is provided with cord securing structures along opposing edges. Cords are provided and each of the cords can be extended from the peg associated with the letter piece forming the first letter of a word, around successive letters of that word and finally to one of the cord securing structures. The cord paths aid in visualizing the formed words.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 30, 1978
    Date of Patent: December 18, 1979
    Inventor: Louie P. Loomis
  • Patent number: 4163560
    Abstract: A board game comprising playing pieces each consisting of a body having a plurality of distinct orthogonal projection shapes and a board having sets of recesses, each set consisting of at least one recess of a shape corresponding to one of said projection shapes so that any playing piece has a like plurality of unique orientations, in each of which, it can be inserted into and retained by any recess of a particular set, and at least one die whose faces respectively display the shapes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 27, 1977
    Date of Patent: August 7, 1979
    Inventor: Arieh Solomon
  • Patent number: 4159117
    Abstract: A board game is designed around the theme of gaining and losing weight and counting calories and includes a game board having a playing surface defining a travel path with a plurality of separate stations along the path. Manually movable, hollow playing pieces styled as obese persons are provided for movement around the stations on the travel path. Each playing piece has associated therewith a set of stations on the game board representing restaurants and a plurality of weight elements are provided to be inserted into the open mouth of the hollow, playing pieces. Chance dice are provided for determining the number of stations along the path that each playing piece is moved during a turn and for determining a number of weight elements that are to be inserted into the open mouth of a playing piece. On the travel path, another player may be challenged to a weigh in and the playing piece having the heaviest weight then must discharge the weight elements and register the number in a cumulative score.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 1, 1977
    Date of Patent: June 26, 1979
    Assignee: Marvin Glass & Associates
    Inventor: Wayne A. Kuna
  • Patent number: 4157183
    Abstract: A game apparatus based on a sea monster theme includes a rotatably mounted platform defining a plurality of positions for the placement of playing pieces by the players of the game. A retrieving mechanism is randomly actuated by rotation of the platform causing a movable element, simulating a sea monster, to retrieve one of the playing pieces from an indexed position on the rotatable platform. The movable element is pivotally mounted and biased for movement toward the playing piece upon release by a trip mechanism mounted below the platform. A governor regulates movement of the movable element and a biased catch mechanism on the end of the element grasps the playing pieces from the playing surface.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 18, 1977
    Date of Patent: June 5, 1979
    Assignee: Marvin Glass & Associates
    Inventors: Burton C. Meyer, Alan A. Hicks
  • Patent number: 4150828
    Abstract: A game including a game box, the bottom of which forms the playing field which is of checkerboard configuration having five rows and five columns of checkerboard squares. Two similar sets of playing pieces are provided with each set being distinguishingly identified from the other. Each set includes five playing pieces; two cubes, two tetrahedrons and one sphere with a flattened bottom to permit it to be positioned on the playing field. Storage sections are provided in the box adjacent to one opposing pair of ends of the box. The storage sections include a top wall having geometrically configured openings which correspond to the shapes of the playing pieces so that each opening can receive its respective playing piece. The game combines features of both chess and checkers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 1, 1977
    Date of Patent: April 24, 1979
    Inventor: Anthony Marchese
  • Patent number: 4150829
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a game apparatus comprising a game board having at least two playing areas. Each playing area includes a plurality of passageways with an object normally stationed adjacent one end of each passageway. A set of a plurality of various length locking tumblers are provided each player or team of players, and in the case of playing the game of the present invention each locking tumbler is placed in passageways to effectively "lock" each object adjacent a respective passageway. Without knowing the particular placement of the locking tumblers in the passageways about a particular area, a player then selects from a set of a plurality of various length keys and inserts the keys, one at a time, into the passageways with the object being to move a respective locking tumbler to where that tumbler protrudes from its passageway and engages the adjacent object and causes the same to move from a locked position to an unlocked position.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 9, 1977
    Date of Patent: April 24, 1979
    Inventor: John A. Cates
  • Patent number: 4147362
    Abstract: A chess game apparatus is provided having a playing board of tray-like construction and a number of playing pieces of cube-shape which are cooperatively and selectively interarranged to form both the playing surface and the game pieces. The apparatus game board includes a supporting surface having a peripheral upstanding edge wall and a spring biased retainer bar for securing the several playing pieces in relatively fixed array on the board. A number of the playing pieces are provided with the indicia of the several chess pieces. Three of the six sides of each cube-shaped playing pieces are of one color background while the other three sides are of a different color, such as black and white, so that the playing pieces can simulate and function as the alternately colored squares of a playing board. Several selected pieces function as the actual game pieces with two or more sides of each of these cubes provided with appropriate indicia for the respective indicia of a particular game piece.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 14, 1977
    Date of Patent: April 3, 1979
    Inventor: Edward M. Fisher
  • Patent number: 4147360
    Abstract: A new chess game device and method for playing, for example, modified chess for four players. The novel chess game device includes a playing board of 260 squares using a set of twenty playing pieces consisting of 10 pawns and 10 other pieces per player for two, three or four players. Each set of playing pieces is colored in a distinct, separate color so that a different color is used to identify the playing pieces of each participant. The playing board is colored in the same four colors as the playing pieces in an alternating color fashion (FIG. 1). The set of playing pieces of the novel chess game device includes all of the conventional chess pieces and two additional pieces called the Prime Minister (FIG. 2) and the Squire (FIG. 3) respectively.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 21, 1974
    Date of Patent: April 3, 1979
    Assignees: Kay Etma Bailey McElreath, Marsha Lou Bailey Wood, Bruce Kenneth Bailey, Alyce Bailey Raymond
    Inventors: Kenneth M. Bailey, deceased, by Alyce B. Raymond, heir, by Bruce K. Bailey, heir, by Kay E. B. McElreath, heir, by Marsha L. B. Wood, heir
  • Patent number: 4140319
    Abstract: A board game for a plurality of players including the following. A playing board has an endless course thereon for being progressively and periodically traversed in turn by each player during play of the game and comprises a plurality of serially connected playing spaces having indicia thereon for individually identifying respective spaces and the affect of game play upon a player occupying such spaces during traversing of the course. Certain of the contiguous spaces are designated by the indicia for defining distinguishable groups of predetermined numbers of the spaces and providing for the opportunity of acquisition of the spaces of the groups upon a player first occupying a respective one of the spaces of the groups for progressively accumulating all or part of the spaces of the respective groups for differently affecting game play upon another player subsequently occupying any one of the acquired spaces.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 1, 1977
    Date of Patent: February 20, 1979
    Inventors: Kenneth W. Aycock, Edwin D. Ellis
  • Patent number: 4134591
    Abstract: A citizen band radio is provided which can be played by 2 to 5 players. A board is used which has on it a representation of a road map including an illustration of a road system having a plurality of roads. The roads are divided by playing stations, each playing station of which is used to count the places to be moved by the players. The playing stations on the roads are the dividing lines of the road, locations of cities, hazard areas, areas of good reception and the home stations for each of the players. Two decks of cards are provided; namely, a deck of 56 "breaker" cards and 13 "inspection" cards. A simulated citizen band radio is provided for each player having holes which simulate radio channels. The holes in the radio are sized to hold pegs which simulate crystals required to transmit on each of the channels on the simulated radio. A spinner is further provided in the configuration similar to a citizen band radio microphone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 14, 1977
    Date of Patent: January 16, 1979
    Inventor: Michael J. Brooks
  • Patent number: 4131283
    Abstract: A game board having opposed parallel major surfaces including a plurality of playing fields in row and column array is disclosed. The playing fields are mounted on a mesh formed of mutually perpendicular elongated support members interconnected to provide a plurality of generally square openings in which the playing fields are received with each playing field swingably attached along the same side thereof only to the adjacent one of a parallel set of support members, of the mesh. A plurality of game pieces each comprising a pair of indicia bearing bodies joined to each other at one of their ends are also provided. The board and pieces are so constructed as to enable the pieces to be received on a playing field with indicia bearing bodies of each piece extending in juxtaposed parallel relation to an opposed major surface of the playing field.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 25, 1977
    Date of Patent: December 26, 1978
    Inventor: Vaclav Havlik
  • Patent number: 4129304
    Abstract: Board game apparatus comprising a supply of chips associated with each player for wagering, and a game board including a plurality of locations arranged thereon forming a game movement area, the locations allowing the wagered chips to be located thereon. Further included are apparatus for setting a quantity of the chips to be wagered, and for randomly choosing a location on the game board for the chips; and a plurality of playing pieces representing the individual players for moving around the locations to capture the chips.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 25, 1977
    Date of Patent: December 12, 1978
    Inventor: Eric L. Mager
  • Patent number: 4128246
    Abstract: A board-type game apparatus designed around the theme of a mythical man-animal known as "Big Foot" includes, in combination, a game board having a relatively large playing surface with a plurality of spaced apart playing piece stations or spaces thereon positioned at intervals along a travel path. One of the play spaces is designated as "Big Foot Home". A plurality of relatively small playing pieces are adapted for movement over the playing surface between the spaces along the travel path. One of the playing pieces is formed to resemble the mythical character "Big Foot" and includes a hollow base for containing a plurality of disks adapted to be removably contained in vertically stacked relation therein. Some of the disks have distinguishing indicia on one face, such as a foot print of "Big Foot" and some are plain. The disks are loaded in the hollow base in random order.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 14, 1977
    Date of Patent: December 5, 1978
    Assignee: Marvin Glass & Associates
    Inventors: Alan A. Hicks, John O. Spinello, Jeffrey D. Breslow
  • Patent number: 4126315
    Abstract: A mathematical based board game apparatus employs a matrix grid game board containing a playing area defined by a plurality of grid units each capable of containing a game playing piece. In the playing area, the placement or removal of a plurality of regular game playing pieces takes place in accordance with logically defined move patterns, such as straight chains, +-shapes, X-shapes, S-shapes, etc., or various combinations thereof. During alternating designated turns the players completely cover, or uncover if the inverse of the game is played, all of the grid units defining the ultimate playing area to determine the winner of the game. A plurality of different overlays for the game board are provided, with changeable superimpositions of various overlays being utilized, if desired, to vary the size and/or configuration of the initially exposed game playing area. Blocking pieces are also provided which are deployable prior to the playing of the game to further define the exposed game playing area.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 18, 1977
    Date of Patent: November 21, 1978
    Inventor: Chuen K. Tung
  • Patent number: 4124213
    Abstract: A game apparatus is disclosed in which distinguishable sets of playing pieces are provided and with each player of the game receiving one of the sets for movement on the playing surface, which is divided into a grid-like array of spaces defining a path for movement of the pieces in either a horizontal or vertical direction. A plurality of corner starting zones to provide each player of the game with designated spaces for initial positioning of one of the sets therein is provided, as well as a plurality of distinguishable finishing zones to provide each player of the game with designated spaces to reach in order to win the game. A chance device is operable by players of the game apparatus for determining the possible number of spaces a particular playing piece shall move along the playing surface for movement from the starting zones to the finishing zones.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 8, 1977
    Date of Patent: November 7, 1978
    Inventor: Arthur R. Kaplowitz
  • Patent number: 4119320
    Abstract: A game including a base, nine elongated pegs disposed substantially perpendicularly to the base and arranged on the base in spaced relation in three discrete groupings. There is further provided a plurality of pieces each having a hole therethrough which is adapted to accommodate any one of the pegs. The game is readily adaptable to various types of scoring and hence, the present invention provides a game which may be played at various degrees of difficulty. In one embodiment, the pieces are provided in two sets of equal number and contrasting colors and an extra "wild" piece of a third discrete color is also provided. In a further embodiment, the pieces in the two sets are selectively provided with additional first, second and third indicia to subdivide each of the sets into three subsets.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 6, 1977
    Date of Patent: October 10, 1978
    Inventors: Mary Claire Chorba, Peter Craig, Kurt Pierce Westergren
  • Patent number: 4114892
    Abstract: A game is disclosed which is played by two opposing players disposed on opposite sides of a vertically disposed, opaque game board; said board being formed with a plurality of holes therein, and pegs inserted in the holes. Each player rests one U-shaped token member on a peg without disclosing the location of the token member to the other player, and in turn each player removes pegs in an effort to cause the opposing player's token member to drop from the board thereby winning the game. The construction permits the U-shaped token member to fall onto a lower peg disposed directly below the removed peg position, thus frustrating attempts of the opposing player to cause the peg to fall clear of the board. In a preferred embodiment the game is a free standing vertically upright unit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 3, 1977
    Date of Patent: September 19, 1978
    Assignee: Fun Things, Inc.
    Inventor: Frank S. Csoka
  • Patent number: 4089529
    Abstract: A board game having a housing provided with a window and two openings on opposite sides thereof, a slide mechanism mounted for movement within the housing and provided on the top thereof with a predetermined color-coded pattern for viewing through the window, two bars operatively mounted to move with the slide mechanism and with respect to each other, two wheels mounted to rotate in response to movement of the bars and provided with upstanding posts offset from the centers of rotation of the wheels, an operating handle for moving the slide mechanism and the bars, a plurality of playing pieces for each player, each such playing piece being provided with a flange extending inwardly to prevent the post of the wheel from rotating and indicia, the positions of the flanges of the playing pieces corresponding to the indicia and the color-coded pattern on the slide mechanism in a predetermined manner.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 25, 1977
    Date of Patent: May 16, 1978
    Assignee: Tomy Kogyo Co., Inc.
    Inventor: Hikoo Usami
  • Patent number: 4082279
    Abstract: An instructional game includes a game board on which there are a selected number of rows of pegs or pins protruding from the surface of the board. Associated with each pin is a phoneme in a particular language. Two sets of different rings are provided to the two teams or players. The player of one team encircles one peg and its associated phoneme with one of the rings of one set. A player of the opposite team encircles a different peg and its associated phoneme with a ring from the second set. This continues alternately until a player recognizes that he has completed the word when he encircles a particular phoneme whereupon that player or his team removes all the rings, capturing the rings of the opposing team or player. This continues until all of the adversary's rings are captured.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 17, 1976
    Date of Patent: April 4, 1978
    Inventor: Robert L. McFadden
  • Patent number: 4077630
    Abstract: The board game of the invention provides a test of the logical thinking of two players. The board comprises nine playing areas on each of which the first player places a playing piece which he then covers with a shield. The second player has a number of test pieces which include the various characteristics of the playing pieces, with the exception of one characteristic, for example a representation of a treasure chest. By a process of deductive reasoning, the second player tries to locate the playing piece bearing the treasure chest, by first identifying at least some of the other pieces.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 15, 1976
    Date of Patent: March 7, 1978
    Assignee: Invicta Plastics Limited
    Inventor: Michael Kindred
  • Patent number: 4071244
    Abstract: A construction game that employs two separate game boards, each depicting the games' goals and providing the main support for the assemblying of the two completely independent structures. The completed structure will be a bridge abstraction, or more specifically a suspension system that is capable of being extended the length of the game board while maintaining a particular height requirement. The suspension system is achieved by a plurality of building elements that, except for duplication, are infinitely varied and diverse in their configurations and methods by which they connect one to another. The first building element connects to the game board's starting edge; and each subsequent element is connected with the former element until the construction is high enough and long enough to reach the winning line at the opposite end of the game board.The players use game money in a competitive bidding process to obtain each building element.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 21, 1977
    Date of Patent: January 31, 1978
    Inventor: Marvin David Richards