Abstract: A method for making a fabric having a ground and pile threads inserted between the ground threads is provided. The method comprises a step of weaving two fabrics simultaneously so that the fabrics are positioned parallel and spaced by a predetermined distance, and the pile threads are inserted alternately between the ground threads of one fabric and between those of the other fabric. Also, each pile thread is wound around one of the ground threads by one or more turns. The method further comprises cutting the pile threads between the fabrics, and heat setting the fabrics to bind the pile threads to the ground firmly. The pile threads are made of acrylic yarn, and the weight percentage of the pile threads in the fabric is between 80 and ninety-five 95, and the weight percentage of the ground threads in the fabric is the remainder.

Abstract: A necklace for wearing around a wearer's neck. The necklace is constructed from a number of strands of woven yarn. The strands are wrapped together, capped at each end, and frayed at various positioned between the ends in order to create the unique appearance of the necklace.

Abstract: A method for making a blanket is provided. The blanket is made from a fabric that has a ground having wefts and warps, and piles inserted in spaces between the wefts and warps of the ground. The method comprises the steps of weaving the fabric from the wefts, the warps, and the piles, coloring the fabric with a predetermined pattern, heating the fabric to bind the piles firmly, cutting the fabric to a predetermined size for the blanket, and surrounding the edges of the cut fabric with a cloth. The wefts and warps are made of a ground yarn, and the piles are made of an acrylic yarn. The weight percentage of the acrylic yarn in the fabric is in the range between approximately 80 and 95, and the weight percentage of the ground yarn in the fabric is the remainder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an airbag cushion which exhibits a low amount of seam usage (in order to attach at least two fabric panels or portions of a panel together) in correlation to an overall high amount of available inflation airspace within the cushion itself. These correlated elements are now combined for the first time in what is defined as an effective seam usage index (being the quotient of the length of overall seams on the cushions and the available inflation airspace volume). The inventive cushion must have at least one substantially straight seam and must possess an effective seam usage factor of less than about 0.11. A cushion exhibiting such a low seam usage factor and also comprising an integrated looped pocket for the disposition of an inflator can is also provided as well as an overall vehicle restraint system comprising the inventive airbag cushion.

Abstract: A fabric for use in an air bag is provided. The fabric of the invention is produced by mechanically compressing a preliminary fabric constructed substantially of synthetic yarn such that the packed volume per unit area of the compressed fabric is less than the packed volume per unit area of the preliminary fabric. Air permeability is not adversely affected.

Abstract: A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is "high" relative to the oil feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions is available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactor is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.

Abstract: A reinforced composite structure (29) is disclosed. The structure is formed by opposed layers of material extending over a core and continuous bundles stitched in a repeating pattern through the opposed layers (30, 32) and the intermediate core (28) to form the reinforced composite structural member (29).

Abstract: Preforms for producing annular parts of composite material are produced by inding a strip (1) of fibrous material around an elliptical mandrel (10) to produce an elliptical sleeve which can be cut obliquely, cutting taking place either before or after one or more densification steps. The cutting plane is inclined relative to the right cross section of the elliptical sleeve, and the inner and outer portions of the cut rings are machined to obtain circular elements. Such elements can produce annular parts of composite material having a reduced tendency to delanination under circumferential stress. The superposed layers are needling together during winding. A uniform needling density per unit area can be obtained by controlled displacement of the needle board (5) and of the elliptical mandrel (10) relative to each other as the mandrel turns, to compensate for the eccentricity of the cross section of the mandrel. These methods are particularly suitable for producing brake disk preforms.

Abstract: Making fibrous substrates. The method consists for a given substrate thickness in adopting a displacement step size that varies in application of a step size reduction relationship adopted to impart constant thickness to the various superposed and bonded-togehter layer thickness making up said substrate thickness. Application to manufacturing friction parts.

Abstract: A geosynthetic clay liner with a low permeability or controlled permeability intermediate sheet is provided. The liner includes two outer sheets with two layers of bentonite and an intermediate sheet disposed therebetween. The intermediate sheet may be rippled or deformed to enhance the structural stability of the liner. The intermediate sheet may be chosen from a material with low or ultra-low permeability characteristics or may be chosen from a material with controlled or directional permeability characteristics.

Abstract: A method and machine are disclosed for using a cold dry abrasion step for separating segments of discarded carpet into pile material (usually nylon) and backing layers (usually polypropylene) for recycling. A preferred method of abrasion uses dry ice pellets (made of frozen carbon dioxide) which are ejected at high speed from a set of nozzles that shoot the pellets directly into an abrasion zone, as a segment of discarded carpet on a conveyor system is being stripped apart and disassembled. The dry ice pellets "freeze" the binder material (usually latex) by lowering it to a temperature that makes the binder brittle and easy to break apart. The pellets also serve as abrasive agents, in a manner comparable to sand-blasting; however, unlike sandblasting or liquid (steam or chemical) systems, the dry ice pellets evaporate (sublimate) directly into gas without going through a liquid phase, and without leaving any liquid or gritty residue.

Abstract: A fiberglass mesh process includes coating fiberglass yarn, conveying the coated yarn to a loom without first beaming the yarn, weaving a mesh fabric of said yarn, conveying the mesh fabric to an in-line fabric treating station from said loom, tentering the fabric, slitting the fabric and rolling the fabric. The tentering step includes conveying the fabric through a nip of heated, counter-rotating rollers or heated bars oscillating across the moving fabric.

Abstract: A method wherein a thin card web which contains meltable synthetic fibers as well as natural fibers is processed into a thicker web of fleece. The synthetic fibers are initially melted to prestrengthen the web. Then the web is saturated with the appropriate fluid finishing agent for making the web flame-resistant and the like and this web can then be readily dried on a screen drum dryer. It is at this point that the web layers are accumulated into a proper fleece in a cross layer unit which transfer the end product to a heat treatment assembly for heating to effect vulcanization, curing or setting of the synthetic fibers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing sound abatement blankets is provided. As manufactured, the blanket has a polyvinylchloride outer shell, an inner membrane, an insulated peripheral flap, grommets disposed on the peripheral flap and a staggered, non-overlapping seam configuration connecting the outer shell with the inner membrane.

Abstract: Denim fabric suitable for use as apparel is made from 40-100% fibers produced from denim waste (pre-consumer and/or post-consumer). The denim waste is collected, starch and size are removed, and it is subjected to garnetting to produce denim fibers, the vast majority of fiber lengths greater than about 0.4 inches, and an average length greater than 0.5 inches. The denim fibers are then opened, and subjected to low-tension carding, as by using a Rieter C-4 card with conveyor belt. The carded denim fibers are spun into filling yarn having a yarn count between about 4.0/1 to 16.0/1, and/or a warp or knitting yarn having a yarn count between about 4.0/1 to 16.0/1. The warp or knitting yarn may be plied with like reclaimed warp yarn, or with virgin fiber warp yarn.

Abstract: A worn look carpet weave for an oriental rug consists of a plurality of warp threads that run vertical on two levels, one directly behind the other. A plurality of ground weft threads run horizontal between the two levels of the warp threads, so as to be utilized as a strong foundation for the oriental rug. A plurality of decorative weft-wrapping brocading threads run horizontal, with each looping successively about a group of two of the warp threads on the two levels making a continuous chain structure. The decorative weft-wrapping brocading threads alternates with the ground weft threads, so as to form a very fine tightly made oriental rug.

Abstract: Stitchbonded articles and methods of making same are presented. The articles may be either dual purpose wiping/scrubbing articles or only scrubbing articles. The articles may be constructed to have three dimensional scrubbing surfaces. Both the dual purpose articles and the scrubbing articles comprise thermoplastic nodules melt-bonded to the stitching yarn, and preferably to the fibers of an absorbent material, the nodules providing the primary scrubbing utility.

Abstract: A car-top-transportable baggage carrier is particularly suited for use on aerodynamically streamlined cars which have no rain gutters. The carrier is made from a single continuous piece of material so that no seams or joinings in the material are produced in the face of the enclosure or the top and bottom surfaces. Weight distribution paneling within a load bearing floor pad inserted at the bottom of the carrier serve to distribute the weight of articles emplaced within the carrier, yet permit the carrier to be accordion folded for storage when not in use. Straps affixed to the top of the carrier are employed to secure the carrier in position on top of an automobile. The straps are equipped with innovative door head liner hooks which secure the carrier to the interior of the automobile adjacent the top of the car door. Releasable couplings permit rapid removal and replacement of the distal ends of the strapping as desired.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making a reinforcing element for use in asbestos-free friction materials. According to the method, heterogenous strands are joined together, without twisting them, and subjected to a fluid jet and to a rubber compounding material. At least one of the strands is fed to the multiplying stage at an overfeed rate.

Abstract: An adjustable tourniquet device is set forth wherein a predetermined length of surgical elastomeric tubing is doubled upon itself and subsequently knotted along the length to form a series of loops terminating in a final knot. The loops may be equally spaced or of decreasing opening size by varying the spacing between the sequential knots. The device is positionable about a victim's limb whereupon the device is extended about the limb and the final knot is positioned through one of the loops to provide adequate pressure on the limb to limit circulation consistent with tourniquet use. The decreasing loops of the tourniquet provide an extra measure of adjustment in use by enabling incrementally smaller diametrical application of the tourniquet.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing homogeneously needled three-dimensional structures formed of superposed layers of fibrous material and the needled structures produced thereby. As layers of fibrous material are added to a stack of needled layers, the needling needles are moved away from the stack so as to maintain a uniform depth of needling over the entire stack, and to achieve a uniformly needled result. To permit the same density of needling in the initial layers, a substrate layer of needle penetrable material is used to support the initial layers which can then be needled as through they were layed on top of other needled layers. For the final layers, the needling rate is reduced to compensate for the lessened clogging of the needle in having fewer layers to penetrate in the final needling.

Abstract: A tapered tubular polyester sleeve as set forth. It has a large end 12 and a small end 14 with a length to be determined. The ratio of taper is also determined by scale factors. All the warp yarns extend to the large end 12. A requisite number of warp yarns 16 extend the full length of the sleeve. Other warp yarns exemplified at 18, 22, 26, 28, 30 and 32 extend from the large end but are terminated along the length of the sleeve. It is then woven with a filling yarn 40 which extends in a full circle along the full length of the sleeve to thereby define the tapered sleeve. The sleeve after fabrication is then placed on a mandrel 42, heated in an oven 44 and is thereafter placed on the arm or other limb of a space suit exemplified at 50.

Abstract: An article and process for the formation and molding of articles such as gaskets from useful areas of a flat textile panel. This panel is divisible into useful areas possessing textile reinforcement inlay threads in greater thickness and density than in the majority of the areas of the panel remaining outside the useful areas. The textile panel is produced from a ground pattern with the reinforcement threads inlaid thereinto. The useful areas are separated from the textile panel and embedding material is embedded onto the appropriate useful areas corresponding to the articles before or after the separation of the articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a cleansing and wiping cloth, particularly a cloth of low density wefts and warps formed by interwoven 100% count No. 20 rayon yarn which is treated by chemicals. The treatment includes starching the yarn with cassava starch and CMC having the property of suspending contaminant particles, softening the yarn by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and a softening agent. The fillers may completely fill up the non-crystalline space of the fibers and cling to the surface of the cloth. The cloth is, in turn, pulled by rollers and ironed, and scissored into pieces of proper size. At least six such pieces are stacked together and hemmed around the periphery to form an entity. The structure is further reinforced by stitching, thereby forming a cleansing and wiping cloth which exhibits excellent absorptivity to moisture, which is easy to dry, and which does not retain any contaminant or unpleasant smell.

Abstract: A method of making a basket-like or other decorative article from pine needles comprising the steps of twisting and arranging pine needles, stitching the pine needles with a sewing needle and thread, so as to form a surface or wall, forming a basket-like object, the outer and inner surfaces of which are sealed with a protective coating, such as varnish.

Abstract: A woven belting has a single-ply central portion and tubular edges which are integrally woven with the central portion as a hollow plain weave; high abrasion resistance is achieved for the tubular edges by shrinking their warp threads to a predetermined extent before the weaving operation. The warp threads in the edges of the belting are subsequently shrunk to their full possible extent during a final heat setting treatment of the whole belting.

Abstract: A woven structure comprising at least a continuous band around an internal axis, suitable for impregnation with resin or for internal deposition of graphite from a reactive vapor, comprises axial threads, circumferential threads, and radial threads. The device employed to produce the structure comprises principally a series of flat rings or disks, aligned and slightly spaced from each other axially, having small apertures located around their circumference or one or more helical worms, with central openings, whose successive turns are similarly provided with apertures. Radial threads are passed through homologous apertures in successive disks, or successive turns of the helical worm, and are then drawn toward the central axis by wrapping of circumferential threads around them in the axial space between adjacent disks. Axial threads are then passed between the radial threads, and are drawn by further wraps of circumferential threads.

Abstract: An improved splice is provided which is useful in joining segments of a substantially flat band (e.g., a flat tow) of an acrylic fibrous material in an end to end relationship. A fabric surrounds and is sewn to an end of each band segment and extends beyond the end of the band to form a fabric extension. A pair of fabric extensions are sewn in an overlapping opposing relationship in the absence of any substantial overlap of the acrylic fibrous material of each band segment within the splice. The resulting splice is substantially flat in configuration and the band may be continuously passed in the direction of its length through the thermal stabilization zone without impairment of movement resulting from the presence of the splice. The usual exothermic heat of reaction which is evolved during the cyclization portion of the thermal stabilization reaction effectively is dissipated from within the splice without harm.