Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode for hydrogen production using a tungsten carbide nanoflake may include: forming a tungsten carbide nanoflake on a nanocrystalline diamond film by means of a chemical vapor deposition process in which hydrogen plasma is applied; and increasing activity of the tungsten carbide nanoflake to a hydrogen evolution reaction by removing an oxide layer or a graphene layer from a surface of the tungsten carbide nanoflake. Since an oxide layer and/or a graphene layer of a surface of tungsten carbide is removed by means of cyclic cleaning after tungsten carbide is formed, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the tungsten carbide may be increased, thereby enhancing utilization as a catalyst electrode.

Abstract: A method of coating an agricultural component including the step of providing a concave component. The concave component has a crop engaging surface. The method also includes the steps of applying a high hardness coating on the crop engaging surface, and bonding the applied high hardness coating to the crop engaging surface by heating the applied high hardness coating to a temperature of at least 1900° F.

Abstract: A rivet-shaped electrical contact for relay is used as a movable contact for the relay. The rivet-shaped electrical contact includes a heavy-load contact portion formed of a first silver-oxide type contact material; and a light-load contact portion formed of a second silver-oxide type contact material. The hardness of the first silver-oxide type contact material is set to be higher than that of the second silver-oxide type contact material.

Abstract: In an electronic component, an outer electrode includes a sintered layer including a sintered metal, a reinforcement layer not containing Sn but including Cu or Ni, an insulation layer, and a Sn-containing layer. The sintered layer extends from each end surface of an element assembly onto at least one main surface thereof to cover each end surface of the element assembly. The reinforcement layer extends on the sintered layer and covers the sintered layer entirely. The insulation layer is directly provided on the reinforcement layer at each end surface of the element assembly, extends in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to a side surface of the element assembly, and defines a portion of a surface of the outer electrode. The Sn-containing layer covers the reinforcement layer except for a portion of the reinforcement layer that is covered by the insulation layer, and defines another portion of the surface of the outer electrode.

Abstract: An electrical contact is disclosed. The electrical contact includes a first element of a first material having one or more aperture, and a second element of a second material, the second element being positioned in at least one aperture of the one or more aperture of the first element, wherein the second material is different from the first material. Electrical contact devices, assemblies, and methods are provided, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A lead assembly includes a lead with a distal end and a proximal end. The lead includes a plurality of electrodes disposed at the distal end and a plurality of terminals disposed at the proximal end. The lead also defines at least one central lumen and a plurality of outer lumens. The central and outer lumens extend from the proximal end to the distal end such that the plurality of outer lumens extend laterally from the at least one central lumen. The lead further includes a plurality of conductive wires. Each conductive wire couples at least one of the plurality of electrodes electrically to at least one of the plurality of terminals. At least two conductive wires are disposed in each of the plurality of outer lumens.

Abstract: A system including a contact tip that includes an arcing surface, a base surface, and a graded structure is presented. The graded structure includes a first region comprising a first surface proximate to the arcing surface, a second region comprising a second surface proximate to the base surface, and an intermediate region disposed between the first region and the second region. A concentration of silver in the graded structure decreases from the first surface to the second surface. A method of forming a contact tip includes preparing starting materials for a first region, an intermediate region, and a second region of the contact tip. The starting materials of the first, intermediate, and second regions are sequentially added to a container to form a graded blend of starting materials. The graded blend of starting materials are compacted and heat-treated to form a contact tip having a graded structure.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a fused silica crucible, including manufacturing a plurality of carbon electrodes for melting a vitreous silica object to be melted by arc discharge by rubbing the surface of a carbon electrode of the electrodes with a vitreous silica of the same type as the vitreous silica object to be melted, by at least one of: inserting a front end of the carbon electrode into a storage tank storing powdered vitreous silica, by at least one of rotating and reciprocating in an axial direction the storage tank and the carbon electrode relative to each other; rubbing the surface of the carbon electrode by ejecting powdered vitreous silica from a nozzle onto the surface of the electrode; rubbing the surface of the electrode with a vitreous silica grinder; and rubbing the surface of the electrode against a rotating surface of a portion of a fused vitreous silica crucible.

Abstract: Provided is an ESD protection device having excellent discharge characteristics at a low applied voltage. An ESD protection device includes a first discharge electrode and a second discharge electrode that are disposed so as to face each other, a discharge auxiliary electrode formed so as to span between the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode, and an insulator base that holds the first discharge electrode, the second discharge electrode, and the discharge auxiliary electrode. The discharge auxiliary electrode includes a plurality of metal particles (22) containing a first metal as a main component. Fine irregularities are formed on the surfaces of the metal particles (22). More specifically, the metal particles (22) has a fractal dimension D of 1.03 or more. Since electric charges are concentrated on the fine irregularities, discharge can be generated in the discharge auxiliary electrode by applying a relatively low voltage.

Abstract: A contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber includes at least two layers and soldering foil interposed between the at least two layers and directly contacting the closest of the at least two layers. The at least two layers are soldered to one another in a soldering furnace with the interposed soldering foil. The at least two layers are present, prior to the soldering operation, as powder-metallurgical pressed green compacts, which are sintered at the same time as the soldering operation.

Abstract: A method for making continuously a cored wire includes feeding a flat metal strip at a first speed during a run, and measuring automatically dimensions of the strip continuously during the run. The strip is formed into a channel open upwardly and sized to hold a quantity of at least one fill material, which is transported continuously during the run and delivered through a metering device at a delivery speed. The delivery speed is automatically adjusted during the run to ensure that the quantity of the at least one fill material deposited into the channel is in a desired core ratio range about the desired core ratio. The delivery speed adjustment is based on the first speed, the measured dimensions of the strip, and the volume of the at least one fill material determined to be in transport by the metering device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flange for a fuel pump module, which includes an adhesion enhancing member so that there is no gap between a power supply terminal and a resin material for forming a flange, thus further increasing injection efficiency and sealing performance. A method of manufacturing such a flange is also provided.

Abstract: A copper sheet is adjusted to have arithmetic mean roughness Ra of from 0.5 ?m to 4.0 ?m in a direction parallel to a sliding direction upon connection, mean projection-depression interval of from 0.01 mm to 0.3 mm in the direction, skewness of less than 0, and protrusion peak portion height of 1 ?m or less. A Sn surface coating layer group X as a plurality of parallel lines is included, and a Cu—Sn alloy coating layer is adjacent to each side of each Sn coating layer. Maximum height roughness is 10 ?m or less in a direction of part insertion. The sheet is surface-roughened by pressing when stamped, thereby forming depressions as a plurality of parallel lines in its surface. The sheet is then plated with Cu and Sn, followed by reflowing.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode that stabilizes properties and a film-forming rate of a coating made by surface treatment that uses the electrode showing a narrow distribution in physical properties such as a composition and resistance. A method of manufacturing an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode according to the present invention is identified as a method of manufacturing an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode formed of a green compact made of a metal powder subjected to compression molding, characterized in that the method includes the step of forming a nitride coating by nitriding a surface of the metal powder, and the step of forming a green compact by subjecting the metal powder having its surface nitrided to compression molding.

Abstract: A method for forming a conductive post include: a) forming a liquid repellent portion having a thickness of 100 nm or less by disposing a liquid repellent material in a conductive post forming region on a conductive layer; b) forming an insulation layer having an opening in a region overlapping with the conductive post forming region by disposing a liquid including an insulation layer forming material on the conductive layer having the liquid repellent portion formed thereon and polymerizing the insulation layer forming material; c) disposing metal particulates in the opening; and d) heating the metal particulates at a fusing temperature of the metal particulates or higher so as to fusion bond the metal particulates to each other in order to form the conductive post, and to fusion bond the metal particulates and the conductive layer in order to couple the conductive post with the conductive layer.

Abstract: A component-containing module includes a core substrate which includes a lower surface including recessed portions and a raised portion, and an upper surface facing the lower surface and which includes a plurality of in-plane conductors, an integrated circuit element arranged at a location which is above the upper surface and which corresponds to the raised portion, a first passive element and a second passive element disposed in the recessed portions of the lower surface, a composite resin layer which underlies the lower surface and which has a flat or substantially flat surface, and an external terminal electrode which is disposed on the flat or substantially flat surface of the composite resin layer and which is electrically connected to the in-plane conductors of the core substrate. The component-containing module enables electronic components, such as integrated circuit elements and passive elements, to be densely arranged and to be reduced in profile and size.

Abstract: An electronic device having an element body, wherein dielectric layers and internal electrode layers are alternately stacked, wherein a hetero phase is formed in the dielectric layers and/or the internal electrode layers; and the hetero phase includes a Mg element and a Mn element. Preferably, the hetero phase is formed at least at a part near boundaries of the dielectric layers and the internal electrode layers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a carbon electrode for melting an object to be melted by arc discharge, includes: a rubbing step of rubbing the surface of the carbon electrode before power is supplied with a rubbing material of the same type as the object to be melted.

Abstract: In the thermoelectric module composed of p- and n-conductive thermoelectric material legs which are connected to one another alternately via electrically conductive contacts, at least some of the electrically conductive contacts on the cold and/or the warm side of the thermoelectric module are formed between, or embedded into, the thermoelectric material legs composed of porous metallic materials.

Abstract: A method of making carbon nanotube contact structures on an electronic device includes growing a plurality of carbon nanotube columns on a mandrel. Electrically-conductive adhesive is applied to ends of the columns distal from the mandrel, and the columns are transferred to the electronic device. An electrically-conductive material is deposited onto some or all of the columns. The mandrel can be reused to grow a second plurality of carbon nanotube columns.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protector includes a ceramic body having a cavity provided therein, and two discharge electrodes facing each other across the cavity. The discharge electrodes are made of metal containing more than 80 wt. % of tungsten. The discharge electrodes contain not more than 2.0 atomic % of tungsten bonded to oxygen to a total amount of tungsten contained in the discharge electrodes. This ESD protector does not cause a short-circuiting even upon having high-voltage static electricity applied to the discharge electrodes repetitively, thus having high reliability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas permeable electrode comprising an electrocatalyst which is permeable to a reactant or reaction product, the electrocatalyst comprising particulate boron-doped diamond. There is also disclosed a method of making an electrocatalyst which is permeable to a reactant or reaction product, the method comprising the step of forming an electrocatalyst comprising particulate boron-doped diamond.

Abstract: This invention provides an optically transparent electrically conductive layer with a desirable combination of low electrical sheet resistance and good optical transparency. The conductive layer comprises a multiplicity of compound magnetic nanowires in a plane, the compound nanowires being aligned roughly (1) parallel to each other and (2) with the long axes of the compound nanowires in the plane of the layer, the compound nanowires further being configured to provide a plurality of continuous conductive pathways, and wherein the density of the multiplicity of compound magnetic nanowires allows for substantial optical transparency of the conductive layer. A compound magnetic nanowire may comprise a silver nanowire covered by a layer of magnetic metal such as nickel or cobalt. Furthermore, a compound magnetic nanowire may comprise a carbon nanotubes (CNT) attached to a magnetic metal nanowire.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode that stabilizes properties and a film-forming rate of a coating made by surface treatment that uses the electrode showing a narrow distribution in physical properties such as a composition and resistance. A method of manufacturing an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode according to the present invention is identified as a method of manufacturing an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode formed of a green compact made of a metal powder subjected to compression molding, characterized in that the method includes the step of forming a nitride coating by nitriding a surface of the metal powder, and the step of forming a green compact by subjecting the metal powder having its surface nitrided to compression molding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous electrode used in an electrochemical cell, containing a carrier and/or catalytic agent, which is characterised by that it consists of two or more layers with different average pore sizes, out of which layers the contact layer with the smallest average pore size is in contact with the membrane, and one or more supporting layers with a greater average pore size are linked to the other side of this contact layer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a procedure for the manufacturing of such electrodes and to electrochemical cells containing such electrodes.

Abstract: A method for forming a conductive post include: a) forming a liquid repellent portion having a thickness of 100 nm or less by disposing a liquid repellent material in a conductive post forming region on a conductive layer; b) forming an insulation layer having an opening in a region overlapping with the conductive post forming region by disposing a liquid including an insulation layer forming material on the conductive layer having the liquid repellent portion formed thereon and polymerizing the insulation layer forming material; c) disposing metal particulates in the opening; and d) heating the metal particulates at a fusing temperature of the metal particulates or higher so as to fusion bond the metal particulates to each other in order to form the conductive post, and to fusion bond the metal particulates and the conductive layer in order to couple the conductive post with the conductive layer.

Abstract: Methods of making certain piezoelectric films are disclosed. For example, a certain method of making piezoelectric films consistent with certain embodiments of the invention can include the steps of obtaining a piezoelectric material, reducing said piezoelectric material to particles, contacting said particles with a flexible matrix material, and applying said matrix material to one or more surfaces of a member.

Abstract: A method for making a terminal includes forming a reinforcement enclosed around the pieces of the distal end of the terminal to combine and connect the pieces. Thus, the pieces of the distal end of the terminal are connected closely by the reinforcement to form a compact conic body without forming an opening in the distal end of the terminal, so that the distal end of the terminal has a greater structural strength, thereby preventing the distal end of the terminal from being broken or worn out due to mutual hit when the distal end of the terminal is inserted into a female terminal in a misalignment manner.

Abstract: A method for conductively connecting first and second electrical conductors is described which consist of different materials. In carrying out the method the ends of the first and second conductors are brought into mechanical contact with each other in an overlapping position. The first and second conductors then are connected to each other by welding without feeding of additional welding material. Finally the overlapping area is formed mechanically to achieve a smooth width transition between the first and second conductors.

Abstract: A brush of a rotary electric machine includes a brush element and a pigtail. The brush element includes a high-conduction member extending in the longitudinal direction and a low-conduction member bonded to a side of the high-conduction member. The low-conduction member is a thin layer extending in the longitudinal direction from the contact surface to the middle of the length of the brush element. The wire end is embedded in the high conduction member on the side of the low-conduction member remote from the contact surface.

Abstract: A connector comprising a body; a plurality of terminals and a plurality of signal contacts. The terminals are arranged in two substantially parallel rows on one face of the body. A signal contact is connected to each terminal and all of the signal contact extend from another face of the body in a single row substantially parallel to the row of terminals.

Abstract: A rack (20) for a rack and pinion steering system (10) includes a fully dense powder metal rack tooth section (50) joined, by sintering, to a hollow rack tube (30). The rack tooth section (50) is formed by pressing powder metal (70) into a die assembly (60) having internal rack tooth forms (68). The rack tube (30) and the pressed powder metal (70) are sintered to complete formation of the rack (20).

Abstract: A circuit pattern is formed with an electrically conductive paste composed by mixing electrically conductive fillers, the shapes of which have aspect ratios, and a magnetic material, a shape of which has an aspect ratio, in a resin 4. In addition, a circuit pattern is formed with complexes 10 of electrically conductive fillers, the shapes of which have aspect ratios, and a magnetic material 2, and the circuit pattern 21 is hardened while a magnetic line of force is applied in the thickness direction of the circuit pattern 21.

Abstract: The inventive electric contact point of a vacuum valve is made of a sintered alloy containing a heat-resistant metal and a high-conductivity metal. The contact point has at least three slit grooves which extend from the central region to the peripheral region of the contact point, and is soldered to an electrode rod which is connected to the contact point. The contact point includes at least three radially extending vane type contact point members each made of a sintered alloy containing a heat-resistant metal and a high-conductivity metal, and soldered to the electrode rod.

Abstract: An electrically conductive paste is provided in that complexes A each made up of an electrically conductive filler 1 and a heating element 3 adapted to generate heat on electromagnetic induction are compounded with a resin 5.

Abstract: The invention provides a thermoelectric element produced by placing a powder of thermoelectric material over an electrode plate first and then an electrode plate over the power to form superposed layers, and thereafter sintering the powder with a pressure applied thereto perpendicular to the superposed layers. The electrode plates and the thermoelectric material are joined into an integral assembly before fabricating a thermoelectric module. The invention provides a thermoelectric module which is produced by arranging p-type thermoelectric elements and n-type thermoelectric elements alternately in a row at a predetermined interval, each of the elements comprising a thermoelectric material provided between and joined to a pair of opposed electrode plates, and interconnecting pairs of spaced adjacent upper electrode plates and pairs of spaced adjacent lower electrode plates alternately by brazing to electrically connect the p-type and n-type thermoelectric elements in series.

Abstract: According to the present invention there are provided a highly reliable electrode of high strength which undergoes little change even with the lapse of time, and a method for making the same, as well as a vacuum valve using such electrode and a vacuum circuit breaker using such vacuum valve. The vacuum circuit breaker has a fixed electrode and a movable electrode, each comprising an arc electrode, an arc electrode support member for supporting the arc electrode, and a coil electrode contiguous to the arc electrode support member, the arc electrode, the arc electrode support member and the coil electrode being formed as an integral structure by melting, not by bonding, particularly the arc electrode support member and the coil electrode being constituted by a Cu alloy containing 0.05-2.5% by weight of at least one of Cr, Ag, W, V and Zr.

Abstract: A substrate for use in a pacing lead having a sintered porous platinized steroid eluting electrode. The substrate has at least one raised surface which provides an advantageous mounting portion for the sintered electrode. In the preferred embodiment the mounting portion is nailhead-shaped. The present invention provides an electrode produced with increased dimensional consistency, mechanical strength and impedance as compared to electrodes having a straight wire substrate. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing such an electrode.

Abstract: A reinforced wrap around ground and method includes a substrate, including opposite first and second substrate surfaces separated by a substrate edge. A first metalization layer is coupled to the first substrate surface and a second metalization layer comprising an electrical ground, is coupled to the second substrate surface. An electrical ground reinforcement is coupled between the first metalization layer and the second metalization layer around the substrate edge. Conductive paste coats the electrical ground reinforcement, and the conductive paste is fired to bind the wrap around ground to the substrate and to electrically ground the first metalization layer to the second metalization layer through the electrical ground reinforcement and the conductive coating.

Abstract: To produce CuCr contact materials, it is known to use purely powder-metallurgical, sinter impregnation and smelt-metallurgical processes. Only materials produced by smelt-metallurgical processes are suitable as contact materials for vacuum contactors based on copper-chromium. According to the invention, a contact material for vacuum contactors consisting essentially of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) in the proportion of 50 to 70% wt. Cu and 30 to 50% wt. Cr is manufactured by pressing and sintering a powdered mixture of the components until a closed porosity is attained and by subsequently cold working the sintered body. It has been possible to demonstrate that an intimate and faultless bonding of the components Cu and Cr is obtained by cold welding the structural constituents with this process as with smelting.

Abstract: A contact part is shaped to form a cavity in which a sintered or agglomerated block is placed before the assembly is placed on a welding press causing fixing and shaping of the block to form the contact pad. The protuberance of the pad may result from a deformation of the support in the course of the fixing operation, by a pin supported by the electrode of the welding machine coming up against the face opposite to the pad of the support.

Abstract: A method of producing a strip adapted for use as an electrical contact terminal comprising the following steps. First, a strip of relatively flexible substrate material is provided. Then, a substantially continuous strip of powdered metal or metal alloy is deposited onto a surface of the strip to produce the electrical contact terminal.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter of more improved large current interrupting capability and dielectric strength is disclosed. The interrupter has a pair of separable contact-electrodes (13, 24), a vacuum envelope (4) generally electrically insulating and enclosing the pair therewithin, a contact-making portion (19) of 20 to 60% IACS electrical conductivity being a part of one contact-electrode (13) of the pair and being into and out of engagement with the other contact-electrode (24) of the pair, an arc-diffusing portion (20) of 2 to 30% IACS electrical conductivity being the other part of the one contact-electrode (13) and being electrically and mechanically connected to the contact-making portion (19) so as to be spaced from the other contact-electrode (24) when the contact-electrodes (13, 24) are into engagement, and means (14, 15) for applying an axial magnetic field in parallel to an arc established between the contact-electrodes (13, 24) when separated.

Abstract: A composite contact material for light-duty electrical contacts is formed by combining, typically by powder-metallurgical techniques, a matrix metal and particles of a conductive material that is typically harder and more corrosion resistant than the matrix metal, and by removing, in a differential material removal step, some of the matrix metal from a surface of the composite, thereby producing a "sandpaper" surface with a substantial number of the particles projecting by a substantial amount above the matrix metal surface. Typical matrix metals are copper, copper alloys, or nickel, and typical particle materials are metals such as Ru, Re, Os, and intermetallics, oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides, silicides, and phosphides of such metals as Al, Ti, Ni, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ta, W, Re, or Os. Particle size is typically between about 0.1 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, preferably less than 10 .mu.m, and the particle volume fraction is typically between about 1% and 50%, preferably between 5% and 30%.

Abstract: Ceramic substrates are pinned using powdered metallurgy pins formed in situ on the substrate.

Abstract: Immediately after a composite electric contact is made from wires by cold welding and in a manner as it has been cold welded, it is brought onto a supporting metal and subjected to pressure and resistance heat exerted by a pair of electrodes whereby the contact and the supporting metal are spot welded in situ without adversely affecting the supporting metal such as warping thereof and whereby cold welded abutting ends of the contact are released from stress which is produced by cold welding and the contact is annealed in whole.

Abstract: A novel distributor rotor electrode material is provided and a method for making it. A mixture comprised of at least half copper oxide and a minor portion of silica or silica and alumina is fused to form a friable glassy material. The copper oxide of the material is reduced to copper metal, the material in the solid state then being characterized by a substantially continuous microphase of sponge-shaped glassy bodies with copper retained in the interstices thereof. When the material is sintered into a rotor electrode body, the sponge-shaped bodies become strongly mechanically retained in a substantially continuous metal matrix providing the electrode with outstanding resistance to spark erosion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a contact bridge for an electric switching apparatus which contact bridge includes an electrically highly conductive overlay and a concave-shaped support layer. The method comprises the steps of pressing a powder blank comprising two layers of metallic material, one of which comprises iron for the support layer and the other of which comprises copper for the overlay; sintering the blank in a protective gas; sizing the blank; further sintering the blank in a protective gas; further pressing the blank by reverse-flow cup extrusion; and applying an electrical contact to the overlay. Alternatively, the powder blank may comprise a layer of copper-zirconium and silver-metal oxide, the latter for an electrical contact layer. In this embodiment, the contact bridge is formed with the electrical contact in one step and there is no need to apply a contact to the bridge after the pressing by reverse-flow cup extrusion.

Abstract: An ink composition for deposition upon the surface of a semiconductor device to provide a contact area for connection to external circuitry is disclosed, the composition comprising an ink system containing a metal powder, a binder and vehicle, and a metal frit. The ink is screened onto the semiconductor surface in the desired pattern and is heated to a temperature sufficient to cause the metal frit to become liquid. The metal frit dissolves some of the metal powder and densifies the structure by transporting the dissolved metal powder in a liquid sintering process. The sintering process typically may be carried out in any type of atmosphere. A small amount of dopant or semiconductor material may be added to the ink systems to achieve particular results if desired.