Abstract: A seamless leg rest device for automobile seats comprises a middle fixing bracket, side fixing brackets, link assemblies, a rotary driving assembly, a support plate and a telescopic assembly, wherein a front side of the support plate is covered with a foamed cover assembly, a lower end of the foamed cover assembly stretches across the support plate and is then bent backwards, and a tail end of a bent section of the foamed cover assembly is tensioned on the link assemblies through a telescopic return member. Both the angle and the length of a leg rest can be adjusted, and seams are avoided when the leg rest is adjusted.

Abstract: A seat that can be converted between an upright position and a bed position, includes a mechanism for deploying an armrest, The mechanism includes a first guide connection comprising a first roller mechanically connected to the moving part associated with the seat-cushion portion, the first roller collaborating with a first slot formed in the armrest, and a second guide connection comprising a second roller mechanically connected to a fixed part, the second roller collaborating with a second slot formed in the armrest, such that a movement of the seat-cushion portion of the seat as the seat transitions from the upright position to the bed position causes the armrest to move from the up position to the down position.

Abstract: A vehicle seating row for installation in a passenger cabin adjacent an aisle. The seating row includes a framework including at least two laterally adjacent seats. The framework for the outboard most seat is fixed whereas framework for the inboard seat(s) includes a front leg coupled to a front transverse beam movable together toward the rear transverse beam to shorten the length of the at least one second seat to increase cross aisle space to facilitate seat ingress and egress during respective boarding and deplaning. An actuator is operative to displace the front leg and front transverse beam between first and second positions.

Abstract: A calf support arrangement for a vehicle seat may have one seat attachment unit. The arrangement may also have one first calf support element which is coupled to the seat attachment unit and is pivotable relative thereto. The arrangement may also have one second calf support element which is coupled to the first calf support element and is movable relative thereto. At least one guide arrangement is provided by which the calf support elements are arranged on the seat attachment unit coupled in terms of movement in such a manner that the two calf support elements are pivotable relative to the seat attachment unit and the second calf support element is movable relative to the first calf support element. A vehicle seat having the calf support arrangement is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a height-adjustable control lever carrier for a commercial vehicle seat, which carrier is at least partially arranged to the side of a seat part, wherein the control lever carrier is provided for receiving at least one control lever for controlling vehicle equipment and at least one armrest, and is characterised in that the control lever carrier comprises a multi-joint mechanism construction, by means of which the control lever carrier is adjustable both in a seat height direction and in a seat longitudinal direction relative to the seat part.

Abstract: A wheelchair includes: a chassis configured to collapse in a width direction of the wheelchair; at least one wheel carried by the chassis; a seat assembly including a seat and a back support carried by the chassis, the back support defining a tilt angle relative to the seat and being pivotable to adjust the tilt angle; and a tilt assembly carried by the chassis and including at least one tilt actuator coupled to the back support, the at least one tilt actuator being configured to pivot the back support and adjust the tilt angle. The chassis is collapsible in the width direction while carrying the at least one actuator to reduce a width of the wheelchair.

Abstract: Various implementations include a convertible swinging seat assembly. The assembly includes a seat and at least four suspenders. The seat includes four segments. A first end of a second segment is pivotably coupled to a second end of the first segment at a first joint. A first end of a third segment is pivotably coupled to a second end of the second segment at a second joint. A first end of a fourth segment is pivotably coupled to a second end of the third segment at a third joint. The first, second, and third joints are independently pivotable relative to each other. The suspenders each have a first suspender portion and a second suspender portion. The second suspender portion of each suspender is coupled to a different one of the first, second, third, and fourth segments.

Abstract: A deployable ottoman extension fills the gap between the ottoman and fully reclined oblique aircraft seat. The deployable ottoman extension can pivot out from the ottoman about a pivot point and/or slide out along a rail. Alternatively, the ottoman extension may be hinged to the ottoman to deploy by flipping down. The deployable ottoman extension may include deployable support features that extend to the aircraft floor when deployed.

Abstract: A powered seat-base release system includes a rod rotatably mounted in a bucket assembly of an aircraft seat and a motor mechanically coupled to the rod. The motor is configured for rotating the rod from a locked position to a released position. A locking mechanism is configured for preventing motion of the bucket assembly. A cable has a first end and a second end, the first end being mechanically coupled to the rod, and the second end being mechanically coupled to the locking mechanism. A user interface is configured to activate the motor for rotating the rod to the released position such that the rod pulls the cable thereby releasing the locking mechanism to enable motion of the bucket assembly. Upon deactivation of the motor, a biasing mechanism is configured to counter rotate the rod from the released position to the locked position thereby back driving the motor.

Abstract: A recliner system, including a suspension point adapted to be mounted onto an upright anchor and to extend outwardly therefrom. The recliner system further includes a support platform and a plurality of cords, each attached to the support platform at two attachment points and suspended from the suspension point. The support platform is adjustable between an upright position and a reclined position by pulling on at least a subset of the plurality of cords.

Abstract: A vehicle seat includes a conjunction mechanism and a locking mechanism. When a seat cushion is placed at a raised position, the conjunction mechanism causes an ottoman to be placed at a stored position closer to the seating surface relative to a standby position. The locking mechanism restricts movement of the ottoman when the seat cushion is placed at a seating position. The locking mechanism includes an anchoring portion, a traction cable, and a wound portion. In response to a change being made in an amount of winding of the traction cable around the wound portion due to the seat cushion being moved, anchoring of the ottoman by the anchoring portion and canceling of the anchoring are caused.

Abstract: A medical chair includes a base, a seat section, and a leg rest pivotally mounted relative to the seat and adapted to move between an extended position and a retracted position. The chair further includes a scissor mechanism coupled to the leg rest to extend and contract the leg rest and an actuator mounted on one end relative to the seat section and having an extendible driving end coupled to the leg rest wherein when the extendible driving end extends the extendible driving end pivots the leg rest about the pivot axis and extends the scissor mechanism.

Abstract: A power leg rest for a vehicle includes a pair of fixed plates; a main pipe connected to between internal surfaces of the fixed plates; a tilt motor tiltably mounted to the main pipe; a pair of main links fastened to external surfaces of the fixed plates by respective first hinge pins; a support pipe connected to between front end portions of the main links; a lead nut bracket coupled to a lead screw and movable forwards and backwards and hingedly fastened to the support pipe; a pair of leg rest links mounted on both sides of a leg rest frame; and a pair of driving links, each being hingedly fastened to corresponding ones of the leg rest links, the main links, and the fixed plates, operating in linkage with the main link, and folding or unfolding the pair of leg rest links.

Abstract: [Object] To inhibit leg rests from colliding with each other and to allow a leg rest of his/her own seat to operate even in the case where a power source failure or the like occurs. [Solving Means] A seat apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a seat body; a control unit; and a setting means. The seat body includes a leg rest. The control unit includes a controller. The controller determines whether the seat body is in a first state in which the seat body does not face a front seat or a back seat of the seat body or a second state in which the seat body faces one of the front seat and the back seat. The controller enables, where the controller has determined that the seat body is in the first state, a tilt operation command for the leg rest to tilt forward, and invalidates, where the controller has determined that the seat body is in the second state, the tilt operation command. The setting means fixes the determination result by the controller to the first state.

Abstract: A low profile armrest articulation mechanism for a passenger seat is disclosed. The passenger seat has a seatback reclinable from an upright configuration to a berthed or horizontal configuration (e.g., parallel to the seatpan). The mechanism includes moving stops connecting the armrests on either side to the seatback and linkages connecting the moving stops to the seat frame. As the seatback reclines, the moving stops maintain the armrests at an optimally ergonomic angle (e.g., substantially parallel to the seatpan) for as long as possible. When the seatback reaches the fully reclined or berthed configuration, the armrests may be pivoted upward into a berthed orientation flush with the seatback, adding bed space to the berthed configuration.

Abstract: A passenger seat incorporating a path and follower mechanism for nonlinear deployment of a passenger leg rest is disclosed. The passenger seat incorporates lightweight tubular members linked to backrest linkages, the backrest linkages driven by a passenger occupying the seat, e.g., via a reclining motion of the seatback. The reclining motion drives the backrest linkages which in turn drive path followers through a curving path such that, as the path follower drives forward or backward, the leg rest deploys at a variable rate between undeployed and fully deployed configurations, consistently providing an optimally relaxing leg position at any point between.

Abstract: An aircraft seat may include an upper aircraft seat assembly, a lower aircraft seat assembly, and a frame actuation assembly configured to actuate the upper aircraft seat assembly relative to the lower aircraft seat assembly. The lower aircraft seat assembly may include at least one spring coupled to a foundation with a sloped actuation surface configured to cause the upper aircraft seat assembly to be at a decreased height when in a bed position. The compressing of the at least one spring may be configured to counterbalance a load within the aircraft seat and generate a controlled actuation of the upper aircraft seat assembly from an upright position to the bed position. A return force provided by the at least one spring may assist the frame actuation assembly during actuation of the upper aircraft seat assembly from the decreased height of the bed position to the upright position.

Abstract: A vehicle seat includes a seat back, a seat base, a base structure that is connected to the seat base, a guide structure, and a primary pivot joint that connects the guide structure to the base structure so that the guide structure is able to rotate with respect to the base structure to change a recline angle of the seat back with respect to the seat base. The vehicle seat also includes a slide structure that is connected to the seat back and has a sliding connection to the guide structure, and a link that connects the seat back to the seat base so that the slide structure slides with respect to the guide structure during rotation of the guide structure with respect to the base structure.

Abstract: A chair includes a frame unit including a seat frame, a leg rest that is pivotally mounted to the seat frame, and a rest adjusting mechanism that is connected between the leg rest and the seat frame. The rest adjusting mechanism is convertible between an unlocked state, where the leg rest is permitted to pivot relative to the seat frame, and a locked state, where the leg rest is not permitted to pivot relative to the seat frame.

Abstract: An ottoman for an aircraft seat includes a guide assembly, a foot platform, and an actuator assembly. The guide assembly is configured to couple to a frame of the aircraft seat. The guide assembly includes a guide and a slide that is translatable along the guide. The foot platform is coupled to the slide. The actuator assembly is configured to selectively translate the slide along the guide to reposition the foot platform between a stowed position and a deployed position. The actuator assembly includes an actuator and an arm. The arm defines a first interface coupled to the slide and a second interface coupled to the actuator. Engagement of the actuator causes the arm to pivot and move the slide along the guide.

Abstract: A patient support is provided with a membrane made of a stretchable material. The membrane may be fixed in one embodiment to lateral supports and used as a patient's knee or calf support. During use, the membrane can stretch on the application of force by a patient, which stretch will reduce discomfort and pain and can also assist in preventing slippage of the patient during movement. The flexible membrane may be used also in patient slings and other supports.

Abstract: An occupant support may include a seat bottom and a seat back coupled to the seat bottom. In some embodiments, a leg support is coupled to the seat bottom and configured to support an occupant's leg when in an extended position.

Abstract: A vehicle seating arrangement includes a rail system that has a plurality of lateral and longitudinal rails. The vehicle seating arrangement also includes at least one seating assembly coupled to the rail system. The seating assembly includes one or more armrests coupled to a seat-base. The armrests are configured for articulation in a vertical direction relative to the seat-base. The armrests enable the seating assembly to transition between captains' chair, loveseat, and bed configurations.

Abstract: A vehicle seat having a seat cushion and ottoman pillars attached to the seat cushion, the seat cushion can be formed in a compact manner. The vehicle seat (S) comprises a cushion frame (F1) including a pair of cushion side frames (85), a cushion front member (86) connecting front ends of the cushion side frames with each other and a cushion rear member (87). The cushion front member is provided with a pair of recesses (143) extending in a fore and aft direction, and a pair of pillar support portions (141) extending in the fore and aft direction are received in and bonded to the respective recesses, the ottoman including a pair of ottoman pillars (135) inserted into the respective pillar support portions.

Abstract: A foldable leg rest has a seat, a first folding frame and a first stage drive mechanism. The first folding frame is pivotally connected to the seat. The first stage drive mechanism includes two angle adjusters, two first stage DC motors and a drive rod. Each of the angle adjusters is disposed between one of opposite sides of the seat and one of opposite sides of the first folding frame. The first stage DC motors are respectively disposed on the sides of the seat. The drive rod is connected between the angle adjusters. In use, the first stage DC motors are actuated to drive the drive rod and the angle adjusters such that the first folding frame is pivoted relative to the seat.

Abstract: A vehicle seat can include a seat bottom frame having a front, a back opposite the front, and enclosing a volume. Pivotally connected to the back of the seat bottom frame can be a seat back frame and pivotally connected to the front of the seat bottom frame can be a seat leg rest. The seat leg rest has a length. Mounted in the volume of the seat frame are at least two leg rest springs which are connected to the leg rest. When the leg rest springs are actuated, the seat leg rest can be directly pivoted approximately and incrementally parallel with the seat bottom frame. The two leg rest springs are mounted a first distance apart and the first distance is less than half of the length of the leg rest.

Abstract: A footrest for a car seat is disclosed. The footrest includes a coupling plate including at least one first coupling hole formed in a surface of the coupling plate, a supporting plate including at least one second coupling hole formed in a surface of the supporting plate, and at least one guide bar having a column shape and detachably coupled into the first coupling hole and the second coupling hole. Through combination of these configurations, feet of all age groups of children sitting on the car seat are comfortably and safely supported by adjusting the height and inclination of the supporting plate, and the footrest is simply and easily installed and fixed and is used for all types of car seats.

Abstract: A legrest assembly adapted for use with an aircraft passenger seat including a pair of spaced parallel support members adapted to extend forward from the front of the seat, a legrest pivotally supported on ends of the support members configured to pivot from near vertical when stowed to near horizontal when deployed, a brake mechanism for stopping forward deployment of the legrest, and an actuator for driving forward deployment of the legrest.

Abstract: A stroller seat has a seat bottom with a calf support pivotally connected thereto and pivotable between a lowered position and a raised position. A positioning mechanism is coupled to the calf support and movable between an engaged arrangement and a released arrangement. The positioning mechanism, when in the engaged arrangement, retains the calf support in a position selectable from among at least the lowered position and raised position. A release actuator on the calf support is coupled to the positioning mechanism. The release actuator moves the positioning mechanism to the released arrangement. The positioning mechanism, whether in the engaged or released arrangement, allows the calf support to move in the direction of the raised position. The positioning mechanism, when in the engaged arrangement, prevents the calf support being moved in the direction of the lowered position. The positioning mechanism, when in the released arrangement, permits the calf support to move toward the lowered position.

Abstract: An adjustable seating frame assembly includes a side frame member, first and second joint members, a footrest hanger, a pivot fastener and a lock fastener. The first joint member is affixed to the side frame member and includes a first pivot aperture and at least one first lock aperture. The second joint member is affixed to the footrest hanger and includes a second pivot aperture and at least one second lock aperture. The pivot fastener is secured through the first and second pivot apertures to pivotally attach the second joint member to the first joint member. The lock fastener is secured through a selected one of the at least one first lock aperture and a selected one of the at least one second lock aperture to secure the second joint member in a selected one of a plurality of angular positions with respect to the first joint member.

Abstract: A lightweight folding motorized chair with mechanical traction steering and braking. A folding frame supports the traction wheels and the drive system with hinged frame members configured to mechanically fold the control levers, wheels and periphery components into a substantially flat configuration for easy storage in small spaces. A mix of weight saving choices including: structural materials; mechanical traction control system; lithium ion battery; and overall lightweight design keeps the folding motorized chair at a size and weight that a person can lift into the trunk of a car.

Abstract: A footrest apparatus for a vehicle seat includes a fixed member fixed to the vehicle seat, a footrest movable between a retracted position and an operating range, and a link mechanism which connects the fixed member and the footrest to each other and moves the footrest between the retracted position and the operating range by extending and contracting. The link mechanism includes a pair of link members which rotate in synchronization with each other, each of which is formed as a plate that is orthogonal to a widthwise direction of the vehicle seat, and a connecting member formed as a plate which extends in the widthwise direction, wherein common edges of the pair of link members are connected to opposite ends of the connecting member in the widthwise direction, respectively.

Abstract: A foldable leg rest has a seat, a first folding frame and a first stage drive mechanism. The first folding frame is pivotally connected to the seat. The first stage drive mechanism includes two angle adjusters, two first stage DC motors and a drive rod. Each of the angle adjusters is disposed between one of opposite sides of the seat and one of opposite sides of the first folding frame. The first stage DC motors are respectively disposed on the sides of the seat. The drive rod is connected between the angle adjusters. In use, the first stage DC motors are actuated to drive the drive rod and the angle adjusters such that the first folding frame is pivoted relative to the seat.

Abstract: A modular footrest assembly allowing an independent height and swivel adjustment functionality for a pedestal or wall-mounted seat configured in a modular manner. The footrest swivel is independent of the seat swivel and is obtained by manually lifting the seat until the swivel latch is disengaged. The footrest is then rotated and manually laid down to position on a bottom height limit. The footrest height adjustment is independent of the footrest swivel and is optional. The footrest may include a lockable piston element activated by a foot button to modify the bottom height limit position. The footrest swivel position may be manually changed in any height position and the height adjustment is the same after the swivel position modification. A damper may be added to the system to prevent a free drop of the foot support during a manual swivel adjustment operation.

Abstract: A wheelchair includes a pivotable mechanism. The pivotable mechanism allows for a pivoting movement about an axis defined by an interface between adjacent components. These components may be (a) a seat member and a back member, (b) a seat member and a footrest, (c) a foot rest and a footplate support, (d) a baseplate and a footplate, or (e) a back member and a headrest.

Abstract: A seating furniture structure having a carrier unit and a seat part arrangement movably mounted relative to the carrier unit, and a leg rest arrangement with a guiding part and a support carriage displaceable relative to the guiding part by a mechanical tension cord control system. The tension cord control system has a forced coupling to a pivot mechanism of the guiding part such that the support carriage is displaceable between different end positions relative to the guiding part in response to a pivot position of the guiding part. The tension cord control system includes adjacent deflection elements, wherein a tension cord of the tension cord control system is guided alternatingly deflected in opposite directions over the deflection elements, and a deflection element is dislocatably retained and is in operative connection to the pivot mechanism of the guiding part by a forced coupling unit.

Abstract: A seat adjustment apparatus for a vehicle includes a first bracket, a second bracket defining an accommodating void with the first bracket, a pawl, and a pawl reverse spring, The pawl includes a ratchet portion, a pawl side reverse wall portion, and a pawl side return wall portion, the ratchet portion allowing a relative rotation of the first and second brackets in a first direction and prohibiting a relative rotation of the first and second brackets in a second direction in a case where the pawl is biased to rotate in a normal direction, the pawl side reverse wall portion allowing the relative rotation in the second direction so that the pawl is reversed by being biased to rotate in a reverse direction, the pawl side return wall portion bringing the pawl to be returned by being biased to rotate in the normal direction.

Abstract: A folding massage chair that includes a chair with attached front and rear support frames. The chair includes a seat portion and a backing portion, and also includes a massage and heating pad that is placed over the seat portion and a backing portion. The massage and heating pad includes a number of heating units and heating coils, along with a number of vibrator units. The chair also includes a cup holder and a music player holder, along with a foot rest attached to the front support frame. The chair also has a canopy that is attached to the backing portion.

Abstract: A chair according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a seat frame, a plurality of legs, a backrest and an armrest. The plurality of legs are rotatably coupled to the seat frame at front and rear portions of the seat frame. The backrest is rotatably coupled to the seat frame at the rear portion of the seat frame. The armrest is rotatably coupled to upper ends of the legs. The armrest includes a movable member and a first elastic member. The movable member is retained inside the armrest and is movable along the armrest. The movable member is rotatably coupled to the backrest. The first elastic member is located inside the armrest and applies an elastic restoration force against the movement of the movable member.

Abstract: In one embodiment now described, and according to one aspect of the invention. There is provided a leg rest mechanism 100. The leg rest mechanism is suitable for use with a seat pad 200 of a seat arrangement 300 in a passenger vehicle (not shown). The leg rest mechanism 100 comprises a support member 110 adapted for at least partially supporting a passenger's weight; and an extension arrangement 400. The extension arrangement 400 comprises a pair of horizontal support mechanisms 120 for supporting the support member 110, an adjustable support mechanism 160 and a drive arrangement 20.

Abstract: A powered wheelchair includes a seat assembly configured to support an individual, a legrest assembly pivotally connected to the seat assembly, and an adjustment assembly including an actuator operatively connected to the central column through a piston slidably secured within a sleeve. The adjustment assembly is secured underneath the seat assembly. The powered wheelchair may also include an extension bracket that allows legrests and a central column of the legrest assembly to be separately and independently adjusted with respect to one another.

Abstract: An apparatus that supports a person in a variety of positions so that a tattoo artist can comfortably apply a tattoo to the skin of the supported person is herein disclosed. The apparatus can be articulated to cause a person's legs and arms to be optimally positioned and supported to receive a tattoo.

Abstract: A seat for supporting the bottom area of a seated person, which seat is intended and adapted to form part of an article of seating furniture, such as a chair or a couch, a seat for a means of transport such as a car, a bus or an aircraft, or a wheelchair, has the feature that the seat consists of two parts, i.e. a left-hand seat part and a right-hand seat part, which seat parts are separated from each other along the nominal median plane of a user, each of the seat parts is pivotable around a pivot zone extending at least roughly perpendicularly of said median plane; and the projected position of the pivot zone lies in front of the tubera.

Abstract: A wheelchair footrest retraction device has been developed to allow wheelchair users to easily retract the footrest and have assistance as they rise from the wheelchair. The device includes a handle that can be rotated by the user from a horizontal to a vertical position where it can then be used to provide support as the user rises from the wheelchair. Rotation of the handle acts to retract the footrest through a series of linkages that transmit force from the handle to the footrest. The device also includes a support post that prevents the wheelchair from tipping forward as the user rises from the wheelchair.

Abstract: A stroller seat pod includes a seat bottom having front, left side, right side, back, top, and underside; seat back having first piece and second piece, first piece and second piece slidably connected to one another; first piece of seat back being hingedly connected to seat bottom such that seat back and seat bottom have first seat position and second seat position, wherein, in first seat position, seat back and seat bottom have open configuration for sitting, and wherein, in second seat position, seat back and seat bottom have a closed configuration for storage; second piece of seat back being connected to first piece of seat back such that first piece of seat back and second piece of seat back have first backrest position and second backrest position, wherein, in first backrest position, first piece of seat back and second piece of seat back are extended relative to one another to increase seat back area for sitting, wherein, in second backrest position, first piece of seat back and the second piece of seat

Abstract: A powered wheelchair includes a seat assembly configured to support an individual, a curved legrest assembly pivotally connected to the seat assembly, and an adjustment assembly including an actuator operatively connected to the central column through a piston slidably secured within a sleeve. The adjustment assembly is secured underneath the seat assembly. The powered wheelchair may also include an extension bracket that allows legrests and a central column of the curved legrest assembly to be separately and independently adjusted with respect to one another.

Abstract: A stylist chair is provided that includes a chair, a center bar and a footrest assembly. The center bar couples the footrest assembly to the chair. The footrest assembly includes a gear assembly, a first pedal and a second pedal. The first pedal and the second pedal move between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein in the open configuration, the first pedal and the second pedal form a footrest and in the closed configuration, the first pedal and the second pedal are moved toward one another to form a configuration that enables a user to easily exit the stylist chair. Also, the first pedal and the second pedal are coupled to the gear assembly so that when one of the first pedal and the second pedal moves, the other of the first pedal and the second pedal simultaneously moves.

Abstract: A legrest assembly including a calf support hinged to a forward end of a seat frame and moveable between a stowed configuration generally vertically disposed below the forward end of the frame and a deployed configuration inclined above the stowed configuration, a foot support movable with and telescopically connected to the calf support, and a foot rest pivotally connected to the foot support and pivotable between a stowed configuration substantially parallel to the foot support and a deployed configuration extending outward from the foot support.

Abstract: A stroller seat assembly has a seat bottom with a forward end and a rear end. A calf support is pivotally connected to the seat bottom adjacent the forward end and is pivotable between a lowered position and a raised position. A lock mechanism can, in a locked arrangement, retain the calf support in a selected one of the raised and lowered positions. A release actuator is actuable between a locked position associated with the locked arrangement and a released position that reconfigures the lock mechanism to a released arrangement. The release actuator is gripped and released by one hand of a user whereby the calf support is selectively pivotable toward either of the raised and lowered positions by the same hand.

Abstract: A wheelchair includes a pivotable mechanism. The pivotable mechanism allows for a pivoting movement about an axis defined by an interface between adjacent components. These components may be (a) a seat member and a back member, (b) a seat member and a footrest, (c) a foot rest and a footplate support, (d) a baseplate and a footplate, or (e) a back member and a headrest.