Abstract: In order to measure a choke current through a choke, a flux density of a magnetic field which is emitted by the choke is consecutively measured at a sampling rate at a location which is fixed in relation to the choke. A magnetic bias of the choke is ascertained from the measurement values of the flux density at a known choke current which occurs during operation of the choke, wherein the choke current is known only in longer time intervals than the inverse value of the sampling rate during measurement of the flux density. The actual choke current is determined from the actual measurement values of the flux density taking into account the ascertained magnetic bias.

Abstract: A router module is arranged in a housing of a smart television. The router module is externally connected to a modem for surfing the Internet. The router module is electrically connected to a micro processing unit of the smart television. Therefore, the smart television is connected to the Internet through the router module. A wireless transmission chip of the router module is configured to process Internet signals. An antenna module is configured to wirelessly transmit the Internet signals, so that wireless network is shared to outside.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus includes: a line breaker that is connected in series to a direct-current power supply; a first capacitor that is connected in parallel to the direct-current power supply through the line breaker; a discharge circuit that includes a resistor and a first switching circuit connected in series and is connected in parallel to the first capacitor; a power converter for driving a synchronous machine; a second capacitor that is connected in parallel to a direct-current side of the power converter; a second switching circuit that is connected in series between the first capacitor and the second capacitor; and a control circuit for controlling the discharge circuit. The control circuit controls the discharge circuit on the basis of the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the second capacitor.

Abstract: A short-circuit device is provided for medium and high-voltage switching devices, in which at least one moving contact is moved onto a fixed contact by means of a propelling charge. Two contact arrangements are provided in series to provide a higher dielectric strength. Each of the contact arrangements includes a fixed contact and a moving contact. A first fixed contact of a first one of the contact arrangements contains a mechanical ignition device for providing a propelling charge to a moving contact of the second one of the contact arrangements, such that when the moving contact reaches the fixed contact of the first contact arrangement, the propelling charge is mechanically ignited to cause the moving contact of the second contact arrangement to be propelled toward the fixed contact of the second contact arrangement.

Abstract: A motor drive circuit comprises positive and negative input terminals for connection of the motor circuit to a DC supply, a DC link filter connected between the input terminals: an electric motor having at least two phases, a plurality of motor drive sub-circuits, each connected to a respective phase of the electric motor and which each control the flow of current into or out of the respective phase of the motor that has been drawn from the supply through the DC link filter, and a switching means provided in the electrical path between the DC link filter and the electric motor drive sub-circuits, the switching means being movable between a closed position in which it connects the DC link filter to the motor drive sub-circuits, and an open position which isolates the DC link filter from the motor drive sub-circuits.

Abstract: The width and location of a hysteresis window of an interferometric modulator may be altered by adjusting various physical characteristics of the interferometric modulator. Thus, depending on the particular application for which the interferometric modulators are manufactured, the width and location of the hysteresis window may be altered. For example, in some applications, reducing the power required to operate an array of interferometric modulators may be an important consideration. In other applications, the speed of the interferometric modulators may be of more importance, where the speed of an interferometric modulator, as used herein, refers to the speed of actuating and relaxing the moveable mirror. In other applications, the cost and ease of manufacturing may be of most importance. Systems and methods are introduced that allow selection of a width and location of a hysteresis window by adjusting various physical characteristics.

Abstract: The width and location of a hysteresis window of an interferometric modulator may be altered by adjusting various physical characteristics of the interferometric modulator. Thus, depending on the particular application for which the interferometric modulators are manufactured, the width and location of the hysteresis window may be altered. For example, in some applications, reducing the power required to operate an array of interferometric modulators may be an important consideration. In other applications, the speed of the interferometric modulators may be of more importance, where the speed of an interferometric modulator, as used herein, refers to the speed of actuating and relaxing the moveable mirror. In other applications, the cost and ease of manufacturing may be of most importance. Systems and methods are introduced that allow selection of a width and location of a hysteresis window by adjusting various physical characteristics.

Abstract: The width and location of a hysteresis window of an interferometric modulator may be altered by adjusting various physical characteristics of the interferometric modulator. Thus, depending on the particular application for which the interferometric modulators are manufactured, the width and location of the hysteresis window may be altered. For example, in some applications, reducing the power required to operate an array of interferometric modulators may be an important consideration. In other applications, the speed of the interferometric modulators may be of more importance, where the speed of an interferometric modulator, as used herein, refers to the speed of actuating and relaxing the moveable mirror. In other applications, the cost and ease of manufacturing may be of most importance. Systems and methods are introduced that allow selection of a width and location of a hysteresis window by adjusting various physical characteristics.

Abstract: A 1000BASE-T transceiver linked to an unshielded twisted pair (UTP) through a transformer currently transmits and receives outgoing and incoming signals via the UTP. The transceiver employs an energy efficient class B or AB line driver supplying asymmetric output currents to the transformer's primary winding terminals so that the transformer's secondary winding induces the outgoing signal on the UTP. Resistors couple the transformer's primary winding terminals to inputs of separate amplifiers producing a differential output signal mimicking the incoming 1000BASE-T signal. Since both the incoming and outgoing signals contribute to voltages appearing at the transformer's primary winding terminals, echo cancellation circuits provide additional compensating signals to the amplifier inputs for canceling echo in each amplifier input due to the resistive and reactive loading on each driver output current and arising from the asymmetric nature of the class B or AB driver's output currents.

Abstract: A circuit for a transceiver output port of a local area networking device is provided and includes a first and a second current source coupled to the ground, a first and a second resistor coupled to the supply voltage, wherein the resistances of the first and the second resistors each are equal to half that of the equivalent resistance of the UTP cable for the purpose of impedance matching, and a third current source and a fourth current source coupled to the UTP cable for providing additional current for the circuit. The magnitude of the differential signal output from the circuit can thus sustain in a predetermined range even if the magnitude of the supply voltage is lower than the minimum magnitude required by the conventional circuit.

Abstract: A switch matrix having internal redundancy by combining outputs of two internal channels to form one single internally redundant channel. 1 by N, M by 1 and M by N switch matrices may be constructed using the principles of the present invention. Each input signal line is coupled between a signal input and a terminating resistor and each output signal line is coupled between a signal output and a terminating resistor. Switching nodes are formed that comprise an input line, a plurality of output lines, and a plurality of pairs of couplers that are respectively interconnected by way of respective switches used to select the input line and couple it to a respective output line. Pairs of output signal lines are connected to a single signal output to form internally redundant channels. The nodes may include a second serially coupled switch connected between the input and output couplers to provide redundancy if either one of the switches fail in a closed state.

Abstract: A symmetrical, figure 8 shaped, magnetic circuit is provided with reduced size end loops each including an electromagnetic reverse winding which, when excited, opposes the adjacent magnetic flux. A further set of forward windings adjacent each end loop is selectively turned on for developing such flux. As a result of sequential complementary switching of the reverse and forward windings, the center element of the magnetic circuit is impressed with an alternating magnetic flux for inducing power. An asymmetrical and a singly fed rotary power embodiment are also set out for operation in accordance with the foregoing principles.

Abstract: An active filter unit comprising a first active filter which operates under low-frequency PWM control for controlling the fundamental and low-order harmonic capacity and a second active filter which operates under high-frequency PWM control for controlling the high-order harmonic capacity. The first and second active filters are connected in series through associated transformers that are in serial connection across the power lines. The divided filter arrangement reduces the required power rating of high-frequency switching devices.

Abstract: A majority logic voting system employs at least three magnetic AND gates, each having first and second inputs and an output. The first input to each gate is connected as the second input to another gate and the outputs are connected in common so that the gates are in parallel. A diode is connected between the first and second inputs of each gate. Further, an additional circuit may be connected to determine the current difference between the output of each gate and the second input to another gate.

Abstract: An electret transducer is comprised of a motor and signal processing apparatus, that may include an amplifier and/or impedance matching means, disposed within a sealed conductive housing. The motor is fabricated in place within a housing and the signal processing means is mounted on the underside of the cover for the housing so that each may be independently tested prior to combining into a unitary structure. The motor is comprised of easily fabricated and assembled components that include means for spacing a backplate from the walls of the conductive housing and a spacer intermediate the backplate and the center of a diaphragm. The backplate and the diaphragm are provided with registering apertures. The amplifier is mounted to the cover to conductively connect to the housing and to provide rigid outwardly extending terminals for ready connection to further electrical circuits, as in a hearing aid.

Abstract: An improved signal isolator including two nonlinear circuits having nonlinear voltage-to-current characteristics, in which an input network is formed by connecting one of the nonlinear circuits in series with the primary winding of a transformer, and an output network is formed by connecting the other nonlinear circuit and an averaging circuit in series with the secondary winding of the transformer. A pulse signal is applied to the input network, the output network or the tertiary winding of the transformer to develop an output signal corresponding to the input signal while the input network and the output network are isolated from each other with respect to direct current.