Abstract: A rotor assembly of a motor is configured to be rotatable relative to a stator. The rotor assembly may comprise a permanent magnet rotor segment comprising permanent magnets, the permanent magnet rotor segment configured to be rotatable by a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets; and a reluctance rotor segment comprising flux barriers, the reluctance rotor segment configured to be rotatable by magnetic reluctance formed by the flux barriers. The permanent magnet rotor segment and the reluctance rotor segment are axially stacked relative to each other so that at least a part of a first torque ripple generated by the permanent magnet rotor segment and at least a part of a second torque ripple generated by the reluctance rotor segment can cancel each other. The permanent magnet rotor segment may be a rare earth permanent magnet rotor, and the reluctance rotor segment may be a synchronous reluctance rotor.

Abstract: A generator for generating energy is described. The generator includes a first shielding disk having alternating first disk regions of magnetic shielding and non-shielding. One or more conductive wires are located axially below the first shielding disk. Each conductive wire has one end that crosses through a first disk region of magnetic shielding. The generator also includes a first magnet located axially above the first shielding disk such that a first pole is of the first magnet is directed towards the first shielding disk and the conductive wire and a second magnet located axially above the first shielding disk such that a second pole is of the second magnet is directed towards the first shielding disk. The second pole is opposite the first pole of the first magnet. Methods of using the generator are also described.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator includes a rotor arrangement and a drive arrangement. The centrifugal separator includes a generator for generating an electric current. The generator is configured for continuously generating a current during a full revolution of the rotor arrangement. The current is utilised for supplying electric current to a user of electric energy arranged in the rotor arrangement.

Abstract: A capacitive system provides adjustable electrical potential output using first and second capacitive plates maintained in a parallel and opposed relationship, while permitting the separation distance of the first and second capacitive plates to change. A drive mechanism is used to increasing the separation distance between the capacitive plates, so that an increase in separation distance renders a decreased capacitance, and with the capacitive plates charged relative to each other, the increase in separation distance renders an increase in potential across the capacitive plates. A bidirectional DC-DC voltage converter transfers current to and from the capacitor.

Abstract: A small sized drive motor that achieves both high output including high-speed rotation and weight reduction is realized. Provided is a drive motor rotating in a predetermined direction. The drive motor includes a rotor having no magnet and including a plurality of salient poles. A stator core includes a plurality of element cores and a plurality of magnets. The salient poles are formed with a slit or a void (e.g., a second air gap)). The salient poles include a large magnetic circuit (a first magnetic circuit) on a front side of the slit in the rotational direction and having a large cross-sectional area and a small magnetic circuit a second magnetic circuit) on a rear side of the slit in the rotational direction and having a small cross-sectional area.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a speed of a vehicle having an in-wheel motor including a lock nut part fixed to an outer portion of a rotation shaft rotated by receiving power of the in-wheel motor, and restricting movement of a bearing part positioned outside the rotation shaft; a connection part coupled to the lock nut part; a magnet part having a magnetic force, and fixed to the connection part; and a speed sensor part installed to be separated from the magnet part, and measuring rotations of the magnet part.

Abstract: Provided is a rotating electric machine (100) including a stator (1) and a rotor (2). The rotor (2) includes a plurality of stages of rotor units (201 and 202) stacked in an axial direction. Each of the rotor units (201 and 202) includes a pair of permanent magnets (21) and slits (22a and 22b) arranged in one or more rows. The slits (22a and 22b) has an arc-like shape. Both ends of the arc-like shape are located on an outer periphery side of the rotor (2). When an angle formed between two straight lines that connect positions of both ends of the arc-like shape and a rotation axis center of the rotor (2) is defined as an arc angle, at least one of the arc angle of the slit (22a) and the number of rows of the slits is different between at least two rotor units (201 and 202).

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a speed of a vehicle having an in-wheel motor includes a lock nut part fixed to an outer portion of a rotation shaft rotated by receiving power of the in-wheel motor, and restricting movement of a bearing part positioned outside the rotation shaft; a connection part coupled to the lock nut part; a magnet part having a magnetic force, and fixed to the connection part; and a speed sensor part installed to be separated from the magnet part, and measuring rotations of the magnet part.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a sensor mounting device for mounting a sensor to an object The device comprises an object attachment member for attaching the sensor mounting device to the object, a sensor attachment member for attaching the sensor to the sensor mounting device, wherein the object attachment member and the sensor attachment member are located at a distance from each other in a longitudinal direction of the sensor mounting device. The object attachment member and the sensor attachment member are connected by at least two connecting elements, and the at least two connecting elements are adapted to adjust an inclination of the object attachment member relative to the sensor attachment member by adjusting the distance in the longitudinal direction between portions of the object attachment member and the sensor attachment member. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a sensor assembly and a vehicle comprising a sensor mounting device.

Abstract: A sensor bearing unit includes a bearing having a first ring and a second ring centered on an axis, and an impulse ring secured to the first ring of the bearing. The impulse ring includes a radial portion mounted in axial contact against a lateral face of the first ring of the bearing and at least one opening extending through the thickness of the radial portion such that a part of the lateral face of the first ring of the bearing is exposed through the at least one opening.

Abstract: A consequent-pole permanent magnet biased bearingless doubly-salient motor includes: a core of a stator/rotor, a middle part of a surface, facing an air gap (11), of each stator pole 1-1 is grooved toward an edge part of the stator pole 1-1 in an anti-clockwise direction, one permanent magnet is attached in each groove, and a surface, facing the air gap (11), of each permanent magnet (3) is the same in polarity; each stator pole 1-1 is wounded with an armature coil, the armature coils are serially connected in sequence to form an armature winding, and the armature winding is respectively connected to an external main circuit; and every three stator poles 1-1 are wound with a suspension coil, and the suspension coils opposite spatially and radially are serially connected to form a suspension winding connected to an external suspension control circuit.

Abstract: A system for determining the number of revolutions of a cardan shaft, having at least a magnet and at least a hall sensor is positioned to provide magnetic interaction between them, characterized by connecting one of the magnet and hall sensor onto either the rotating elements of the cardan shaft and the other to a fixed point and including a detection element for detecting the revolution rate by correlating to the revolution and the pulse created by the hall sensor as a result of interaction between the magnet and the hall sensor, when the cardan shaft rotates.

Abstract: Embodiments of an axle monitoring system of the present invention generally include an oil bath cap plug equipped with a sensor assembly containing one or more power provision components, and an oil level monitor, a humidity/temperature sensor, a vibrational energy detector, and/or a GPS tracking chip, all of which are mounted on a microcircuit board, wherein the sensor assembly is adapted and configured to be fitted inside the axle oil bath cap plug. In various embodiments, information and/or data obtained by the sensor assembly can be transmitted, in raw or processed form, to one or more remote devices. Embodiments of a method of using embodiments of an axle monitoring system of the present invention are also provided.

Abstract: A rotary transformer is provided. The transformer has a stator and a rotor. The stator has a stator core and the rotor has a rotor core sleeved in the stator core. An air gap is defined between an inner side wall of the stator core and an outer side wall of the rotor core. During rotation of the rotor, a length S of the air gap along a circumferential direction of the transformer and a mechanical rotation angle ? of the rotor satisfy a sinusoidal function relationship containing third-harmonic components, and the length changes periodically according to the functional relationship to define a shape of the rotor core. As a result, the output signal amplitude and measurement accuracy of the position of the rotary transformer can be improved under the same maximum and minimum air gaps.

Abstract: A field modulated doubly salient motor and a design method for a distribution of salient pole teeth thereof are provided. The motor includes a stator and a mover, wherein the stator includes a stator core, two sets of windings, and two sets of permanent magnets. Each of the stator teeth is split into two field winding teeth, and each of the field winding teeth is split into two salient pole teeth. The two sets of windings are respectively armature windings and field windings, wherein the armature windings are wound around stator teeth, and the field windings are wound around adjacent field winding teeth that are split from different stator teeth. The two sets of tangentially magnetized permanent magnets are respectively placed on openings and bottoms of field winding slots, and permanent magnets placed in the same slot or at the same positions of adjacent slots have opposite polarities.

Abstract: A wheel bearing includes a rotating element to which the wheel of the vehicle is mounted and configured to rotate together with the wheel of the vehicle; a non-rotating element fixed to the vehicle body; and one or more rolling elements provided between the rotating element and the non-rotating element and configured to rotatably support the rotating element relative to the non-rotating element. The rotating element includes a wheel mounting flange, and a sensor target used to measure a rotational speed of the wheel is provided on an axial end surface of the wheel mounting flange. The sensor target includes an annular plate portion configured to be mounted to the axial end surface of the wheel mounting flange, and the annular plate portion includes a target portion used for measuring the rotational speed of the wheel and at least one bolt insertion hole.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor and an electric car having the same. The permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor includes: a stator body, wherein a plurality of stator teeth are provided on an inner circumferential surface of the stator body, and a stator slot is formed between two adjacent stator teeth; a rotor body disposed within the stator body and opened with a group of permanent magnet slots, which include a plurality of permanent magnet slots, wherein a first end of at least one of the plurality of permanent magnet slots and an end of one of the plurality of stator teeth are arranged oppositely, and a second end of the permanent magnet slot and the stator slot formed by two adjacent stator teeth among remaining stator teeth are arranged oppositely.

Abstract: A stator core of an electric motor is provided with a first core block and a second core block formed by laminating a plurality of large-diameter thin plates in a reversed arrangement with respect to each other causing outer circumferential edge burrs of the large-diameter thin plates to face each other, and with a small-diameter thin plate sandwiched between the first core block and the second core block, and having an outer diameter smaller than the cuter diameter of the large-diameter thin plate.

Abstract: A control device for an electric motor having a first set of coil windings arranged to form a first sub motor and a second set of coil windings arranged to form a second sub motor, wherein current flow in the first set of coil windings is controlled using a first pulse width modulation, PWM, having a first switching sequence and current flow in the second set of coil windings is controlled using a second PWM having a second switching sequence, the control device comprising means arranged to measure the current flow in each of the first set of coil windings, wherein upon determining that the sum of the current flow in the first set of coil windings is substantially non zero, deriving the first PWM values from voltage values used to generate the second PWM.

Abstract: For flux map identification, a method applies an initial voltage to a motor. The motor is a salient motor. The method generates a flux map for the motor. The method iteratively applies a variable voltage to the motor. The variable voltage includes a constant current change calculated from the flux map. The method iteratively modifies the flux map.

Abstract: A claw pole synchronous machine includes a housing and a rotor being rotatable relative to the housing and having a plurality of first claw poles circumferentially alternating with a plurality of second claw poles. The plurality of first claw poles are axially overlapping with the plurality of second claw poles. At least two DC excitation coils are fixed relative to the housing and configured to provide a magnetic field to the rotor. A stator is fixed to the housing.

Abstract: A drum braking system having a spindle and backing plate affixed thereto. The system includes a drum rotating on the spindle. The drum has an inside surface with integral notches that are machined or cast into the drum. When the brakes are applied, brake shoes are actuated to contact the inside surface to create drag between the drum and the spindle. A sensor is fixed with respect to the spindle or backing plate that detects the notches when the drum rotates about the spindle. A portion of the inside surface with the integral notches is shared with the brake shoes so that applying the brakes prevents buildup that could contact the sensor. The sensor is positioned radially to reduce the effect of drum endplay on detecting of the notches.

Abstract: A brushless winding field rotational electric machine includes: a stator, held to a case, including an alternating-current coil configured to generate a rotation magnetic field by alternating current; a field core, held to the case, including a field coil to be excited by direct current; and a rotor on an outer periphery of a rotation member and rotatably held about a rotational axis relative to the stator and field coil. The field coil includes a plurality of coil winding layers stacked in a radial direction of the rotational axis. A cross-sectional area along an axial direction of the rotational axis, of a coil winding layer closest to the rotational axis in the radial direction of the rotational axis is smaller than a cross-sectional area along the axial direction of the rotational axis, of a coil winding layer farthest from the rotational axis in the radial direction of the rotational axis.

Abstract: An axial flux induction machine includes at least two stators and one rotor where the stators include an inner and outer ring of coils. The stator includes two mirrored structures constructed such as to secure wire coils, amplify magnetic characteristics, and provide a structure upon which to secure a rotary shaft. The structures supporting the outer ring of coils can be in contact between the two stators and the outer ring can be spaced further from the rotary shaft than the inner ring of coils and also further from the rotary shaft than an outer edge of the rotor.

Abstract: A stator for a generator includes a ferromagnetic core with two or more poles arranged about a rotation axis, a direct current (DC) field coil, and four or more alternating current (AC) coils. The DC field coil is wrapped about the pole. A first of the AC coils is wrapped about the pole at a location circumferentially spaced from a second of the AC coils. Generator systems and methods self-exciting synchronous reluctance generators are also described.

Abstract: A stator for a generator includes a ferromagnetic core with two or more poles arranged about a rotation axis, a direct current (DC) field coil, and four or more alternating current (AC) coils. The DC field coil is wrapped about the pole. A first of the AC coils is wrapped about the pole at a location circumferentially spaced from a second of the AC coils. Generator systems and methods self-exciting synchronous reluctance generators are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resolver, which includes a stator having at least one excitation coil and at least one output coil, and a rotor disposed at a center space in the stator with a predetermined gap from the stator, the rotor rotating based on a rotary shaft to change a gap permeance with respect to the stator, wherein an area ratio (Ar/As) between the stator and the rotor satisfies Equation 1 below to prevent magnetic saturation of the resolver, improve measurement precision and reduce manufacture costs without increasing a size or weight of the resolver: 0.22?Ar/As?0.37??Equation 1 where As represents a sectional area of the stator, and Ar represents a sectional area of the rotor.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for switched reluctance machine configurations. In at least one embodiment, a switched reluctance machine configured according to the teachings herein comprises an axially extending shaft, an axially extending rotor mounted to the shaft, the rotor having a plurality of salient rotor poles, an axially extending stator disposed coaxially and concentrically with the rotor, the stator having a plurality of salient stator poles protruding radially from the stator towards the rotor poles, a plurality of stator teeth and tooth-tips, and a plurality of electrical coils wound about the stator poles to define a plurality of phases of the switched reluctance machine, where a number of stator poles can be determined according to the following equation and at least one constraint condition: N s = N t × LCM ? ( N s , N r ) N r × N p ? ? h × S .

Abstract: A Method and Apparatus to Control an Armature Rotating within a Magnetic Circuit have been disclosed. A rotatable radial field control is positioned between permanent magnets on a rotatable armature that is positioned within a stator. The rotatable radial field control rotation controls the rotation of the armature.

Abstract: Provided is a bearing monitoring device of a railcar, the bearing monitoring device being configured to monitor a bearing of a bogie supporting a carbody, the bearing monitoring device including: a receiving unit configured to receive a data piece of a temperature of the bearing and at least one of a data piece of a load of the bearing and a data piece of a rotating speed of the bearing; and a diagnostic unit configured to, when a monitoring value exceeds a variable threshold, determine that an abnormality of the bearing has occurred, the monitoring value being at least one of a temperature value and a temperature increase rate, the at least one of the temperature value and the temperature increase rate being obtained from the data piece of the temperature of the bearing received by the receiving unit, wherein when at least one of a value of the data piece of the load and a value of the data piece of the rotating speed decreases, the diagnostic unit lowers the variable threshold.

Abstract: Detectable indicia are provided on the interior circumferential rim of the brake hub-drum adjacent to, and spaced apart from, the backing plate of the brake. A sensor is mounted on the backing plate to detect wheel speed and/or other operating conditions detectable from the motion and/or relative location or condition of those indicia. The number of indicia used and the indicia spacing along the interior circumferential rim is selected as needed for a given type of sensor and/or a given application. In the case of a speed sensor, the indicia can be a series of notches in the rim along the entire interior circumferential rim, resembling a series of “teeth” into that rim. The width of those teeth can be formed wide enough to accommodate movement of the hub-drum relative to the backing plate and/or the sensor, without loss of system functionality, according to the sensing tolerances of a given sensor being used in a given application.

Abstract: A hub bearing for motor vehicles includes a rotatable hub and a bearing unit. The bearing unit has a radially outer ring, provided with respective radially outer raceways, a radially inner ring, provided with respective radially inner raceways, and a plurality of rolling bodies positioned between the corresponding inner and outer raceways. The hub bearing has an optical reading device for measuring the rotational speed of one of the hub or the radially inner ring. The optical reading device is mounted on the radially outer ring.

Abstract: A permanent magnet brushless motor has a stator, an armature winding, a rotor, and a permanent magnet. The stator is provided with an armature groove. The armature winding is placed in the armature groove. The stator and the rotor are spaced apart by an air gap; the permanent magnet is attached to the surface of the rotor, and is magnetized by a Halbach array structure. The motor is an eight-phase motor, and phases are evenly distributed at a phase belt angle of 45°. The motor and the proposed control algorithm have good fault-tolerant effects, and the average torque after fault tolerance is basically consistent with that in normal operation.

Abstract: In some examples, a rotatable transformer includes a first core half mounted on a rotor and a second core half mounted on a stator. Each core half may include a first element having a ring shape and constructed of a laminated sheet material layered in a radial direction from an axis of rotation of the rotor, and a second element having a ring shape and constructed of a laminated sheet material layered in a direction of the axis of rotation. The second element may be positioned adjacent to the first element and at angle thereto, and a coil winding may be located in an area of the angle formed by the first element and the second element. The first core half and the second core half may be positioned adjacent to each other with a gap there between. The gap may be conical about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: Obtain a rotary electric machine in which attachment of a sensor stator to a case having a cylindrical shape is not required, and a stator is inserted to the case having a cylindrical shape, whereby the sensor stator can be easily arranged at the inside of the case having a cylindrical shape. The rotary electric machine includes a rotor and a sensor rotor, which are maintained to a rotary shaft and are arranged in a shaft direction of the rotary shaft; a stator which is faced to the rotor and is arranged at the inside of a case having a cylindrical shape; and a sensor stator which is supported to sensor supporting components which are provided at end portions in a shaft direction of the stator, and is faced to the sensor rotor and is arranged.

Abstract: A new rotor start-up system is provided for application to rotating systems such as stationary or vehicular electromechanical battery systems. An embodiment of the system consists of a “locator” that includes a stationary permanent-magnet pole above which is a circular ferromagnetic (e.g., iron) strip embedded in the lower, inner edge of the flywheel rotor. The lower edge of this strip is wave-like so that the magnet can pull the rotor around to a position where the position relative to the minimum capacity between the rotor and stator electrodes is such as to launch the rotor in a chosen direction, i.e., either clock-wise or counter-clockwise. Startup from rest is then accomplished by applying a short high-voltage ac or dc pulse to the EMB capacitor.

Abstract: A bicycle magnetism generation device and a disc brake adapter are configured to allow a rotation state of a bicycle wheel to be detected in a suitable manner. The bicycle magnetism generation device includes a magnetism generator generating magnetism. In a state where the disc brake rotor is coupled to a hub of a bicycle, the bicycle magnetism generation device is at least partially arrangeable between the disc brake rotor and the hub.

Abstract: A sensor device for determining a position ?1 of a rotor of an electrical machine, for example an electric motor or electric generator. The sensor device comprises a number r of sensors, which detect the magnetic field generated by the rotor and/or a permanent magnet rotating with the rotor, and an electronic circuit which is configured to detect and digitalize the sensor signals a1 to ar and to form a signal vector {right arrow over (a)}=(a1, . . . , ar), to form a measurement vector {right arrow over (q)} according to a predetermined linear function g to {right arrow over (q)}=g({right arrow over (a)}), to calculate a vector {right arrow over (p)}=Mrot1·{right arrow over (q)}, wherein {right arrow over (p)} is a 2-component vector with the components p1 and p2 and Mrot1 is a 2×n matrix, and to determine the position ?1 of the rotor to ?1=a tan 2(p2, p1). The invention further concerns a control device for an electric motor with such a sensor device.

Abstract: A rotor is provided for use in an electric motor. The rotor includes a shaft assembly rotatable about an axis. The rotor also includes a plurality of magnets arranged arcuately about the shaft assembly, and a plurality of pole segments arranged arcuately about the shaft assembly. The pole segments alternate with the magnets, such that each of the magnets is at least in part interposed between adjacent pole segments. The pole segments interlock with the coupling element.

Abstract: A magnetic engine vibration isolator, including: at least one block magnet arranged to be connected to a block for an internal combustion engine; and a crank magnet arranged to be connected to a crankshaft for the internal combustion engine. A magnetic engine vibration isolator, including: a first block magnet arranged to be connected to a block for an internal combustion engine and extend about an axis of rotation for a crankshaft for the internal combustion engine; a second block magnet arranged to be connected to the block and extend about the axis of rotation; and a crank magnet arranged to be connected to the crankshaft and disposed between the first block magnet and the second block magnet.

Abstract: A wheel bearing assembly for a motor vehicle. A roller bearing arranged in a wheel carrier, by which a wheel hub is rotatably mounted with respect to the wheel carrier. The wheel carrier is provided with a circumferential axial gap, and that at the rotary bearing ring of the roller bearing is formed an extension which is extending into the gap.

Abstract: A rotor for an electric rotating machine, in particular a synchronous machine includes a shaft that can rotate about an axis of rotation, and at least one pole shoe. In order to improve vibration properties, the pole shoe includes a pole shoe body and a pole shoe sheet metal which rests on a radially outer surface of the pole shoe body.

Abstract: A motor control method comprises detecting operating parameters of a motor system comprising a plurality of windings, a rotor, a stator magnetically coupled to the rotor and a plurality of power converters connected to the plurality of windings, determining, by a controller, a suitable pole number and a preliminary set of operating variables based upon the operating parameters, reducing operating stresses of the motor system gradually and after reducing the operating stresses, configuring the plurality of power converters so as to adjust the number of poles of the motor system according to the suitable pole number.

Abstract: The invention relates to a motor and a resolver thereof. The resolver includes a resolver stator (70), a resolver rotor (80). The resolver includes (70) a plurality of resolver stator teeth (73) and resolver stator windings (75) wound around the resolver stator teeth (73). The resolver rotor (75) includes a resolver rotor core (81) received in a space surrounded by the resolver stator teeth (73) and capable of rotating around a shaft axis. The resolver stator windings (75) includes first output windings wound around each of the resolver stator teeth (73) by a first number of turns, second output windings wound around each of the resolver stator teeth by a second number of turns, and exciting windings wound around each resolver stator teeth by a third number of turns.

Abstract: A stator assembly is provided including (a) an inner frame structure having an annular shape with an inner circumferential edge and an outer circumferential edge, wherein the inner frame structure is formed around a center axis corresponding to an axial direction of the electric generator; and (b) an outer frame structure, which surrounds the inner frame structure and which, starting from the outer circumferential edge, includes two inclined annular walls which, along a radial direction, spread apart from each other such that in between a first inclined annular wall and the second inclined annular wall there is formed an accommodation space. Preferably, the inner frame structure and the outer frame structure are made from a single piece.

Abstract: A wheel speed sensor includes an electromagnetic sensor having an electromagnetic sensor head disposed at a distal end thereof and a flange acting as a sensor support. The electromagnetic sensor head includes a magnet and an integrated circuit for sensing movement of a tone ring formed of magnetic attractive material. A sensor interface disposed at the distal end of the electromagnetic sensor is mechanically secured to a flange interface of the flange. The sensor interface can include outwardly projecting opposing tabs on opposing sides of the electromagnetic sensor head that are received by opposing apertures in parallel, spaced projecting arms that form the flange interface. In another arrangement, the sensor is inserted into an opening defined in the flange, and a retainer element is inserted into a slot formed on the electromagnetic sensor head such that the sensor cannot be extracted from the opening.

Abstract: A sensing device includes a housing positioned on an outer surface of a wire and a circuit board received in the housing. The circuit board has a sensing area for sensing the wire, such that the measurements obtained by the circuit board are relative values. Therefore, the circuit design of the circuit board can be simplified, and the size of the sensing device can be reduced.

Abstract: A magnetic circuit component includes a magnetic core and a coil formed by winding a conductor around the magnetic core. The magnetic circuit component includes a magnetic material section that is formed from a soft magnetic material, and that covers a part of a surface of the coil or the entire surface of the coil and is disposed away from the magnetic core.

Abstract: A hydroelectric turbine may include a stator comprising a first plurality of electricity-generating elements and a rotor comprising a second plurality of electricity-generating elements. The rotor may be disposed radially outward of an outer circumferential surface of the stator and configured to rotate around the stator about an axis of rotation. The rotor may be a flexible belt structure. The turbine may further include at least one bearing mechanism configured to support the rotor relative to the stator during rotation of the rotor around the stator.

Abstract: A capacitive sensing system for determining mass displacement and direction is disclosed. In an embodiment, a capacitive sensing system for sensing mass displacement and direction comprises: a mass; a periodic drive electrode pattern formed on or attached to the mass; a sensing electrode array positioned relative to the periodic electrode pattern, the sensing electrode array operable to sense a capacitance in an overlapping area between the periodic drive electrode pattern and the sensing electrode array; and a capacitive sensing circuit coupled to at least the sensing electrode array, the capacitive sensing circuit operable to generate a periodic signal based on the sensed capacitance, to determine a phase shift in the periodic signal in response to the periodic drive electrode pattern moving relative to the sensing electrode array, and to determine, based on the phase shift, a displacement and direction of the mass on a movement axis.