Abstract: The invention relates to a method for steering resonance frequencies of interfering oscillation modes. The invention is applicable to that type of ultrasound sealing unit (1) which has a drive unit (2), centrally placed above the point of intersection between the two planes of symmetry (8) into which the sealing unit may be divided. The sealing unit (1) has reaction bodies (3) surrounding the drive unit (2), and a horn (4) with an elongate, narrow sealing surface (5). The sealing unit has a nodal plane between the reaction bodies (3) and the horn (4) in which plane the sealing unit is fixed with the aid of the anchorage edge (7). The resonance frequencies of the interfering oscillation modes which negatively influence the function of the sealing unit are steered in that symmetrically placed grooves (9) are provided in the reaction bodies (3). The grooves (9) are placed where the interfering oscillation modes have a maximum of potential, or alternatively a maximum of displacement.

Abstract: A vibrating gyroscope having a vibratable body in the form of a triangular prism, piezoelectric elements formed on side surfaces of the vibrating body and having the same vibration characteristics and a detection circuit having two input terminals connected to two of the piezoelectric elements to detect the difference between the outputs from the two piezoelectric elements, the two detection piezoelectric elements being selected such that the difference between their outputs with respect to a change in ambient atmosphere temperature is the smallest.

Abstract: Four piezoelectric elements are formed on both surfaces of a plate-shaped vibrating body. Two piezoelectric elements are formed to be opposite to each other at one side of the longitudinal center portion of the vibrating body. Another two piezoelectric elements are formed to be opposite to each other at the other side of the longitudinal center portion of the vibrating body. By applying a signal to the piezoelectric elements, the vibrating body is vibrated in a longitudinal direction. In this time, the vibrating body is vibrated in such a manner that longitudinal expansion and contraction take place simultaneously in a part of the vibrating body. By using such vibration, both longitudinal ends are not displaced in spite of the vibration of the vibrating body. The vibrating body can be used as an acceleration sensor by measuring the output voltages from the piezoelectric elements of the vibrating body.

Abstract: An oscillator includes an oscillatory element in the form of a triangular prism. Two supporting members are fixed at their center to the oscillatory element. The two supporting members include annular coils, each with a single turn. The supporting members have inner peripheral portions which are fixed to the ridge of the oscillatory element at a location adjacent to its nodes. The oscillatory element has three sides on which three piezoelectric elements are correspondingly formed. When a drive signal is applied to two of the piezoelectric elements, then the oscillatory element is bent or oscillated in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the other piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A control system for an optical cell (light valve) is provided which comprises a first (oscillator) circuit supplied by a low voltage power source and including a primary winding of an induction coil and a secondary (resonant) circuit which includes the optical cell and a secondary winding of the induction coil. The secondary circuit includes the inductance of the secondary winding and the optical cell, and the induction coil provides a weak coupling between the primary and secondary windings. The resonant circuit provides a large over-voltage coefficient and great stability and the configuration made possible by the invention facilitates a significant reduction in the bulk of the control system.

Abstract: A high-performance angular velocity sensor has a tuning-fork structure in which two vibrator units consisting of piezoelectric elements are coupled to each other. The angular velocity sensor comprises two metal plates, a first vibrator including a first actuator and a first detector joined orthogonally to each other, and a second vibrator including a second actuator and a second detector joined orthogonally to each other, the two vibrators being coupled by an electrode block to each other in parallel along an axis of detection. The first actuator and the first detector include piezoelectric elements bonded to the first metal surface, and the second actuator and the second detector include piezoelectric elements bonded to the second metal surface.

Abstract: A vibratory gyroscope including an elongated vibrator having a central (neutral) axis (Y-axis), a drive unit for deforming the first direction such that the vibrator vibrates in a first (X) direction, an added mass attached to the vibrator at a position offset from the central axis in a second (Z) direction, and a detector formed on the vibrator. Rotation of the vibratory gyroscope about the second (Z) direction during vibration in the second direction causes Coriolis force to acting on the added mass in a direction parallel to the central axis. Because the added mass is offset from the central axis, a resulting vibration in the second (Z) direction is produced, which is detected by the detector. With this arrangement, the central axis of the vibrator is placed in parallel with the surface of rotation of the rotating system. Thus, rotations about two or three axes in each direction can be detected in such a manner that noise generation is prevented.

Abstract: A chip-type piezoelectric resonance component is prepared by bonding spacer plates to side portions of an energy trap piezoelectric resonator. The resonator includes a piezoelectric resonance unit coupled with dynamic dampers vibrating for suppressing vibration as it is propagated, with the vibration being suppressed through a phenomenon of the dynamic dampers. Case members are pasted onto upper and lower portions of an element plate through sheet-type adhesives which define spaces for allowing vibration and prevent vibration of the vibrating portions from being hindered.

Abstract: An ultrasonic motor having an elastic body provided with a base part and two driving force output members. The driving force output members are provided with slide members. Two piezo-electric elements for generating longitudinal oscillation L1 mode and flex oscillation B4 mode are arranged on the base part. The slide members can be of a variety of configurations and patterns, including, for example, two strips placed either lengthwise or widthwise across the driving force output members. Further, the driving force output members can either be an integral part of the elastic body or can be formed in a separate process and then joined to the elastic body.

Abstract: A vibration type gyroscope apparatus of digital type which is good in operability and high in detection accuracy includes a variable gain amplifier (3), for amplifying a detection signal of a vibration type gyroscope, and an analog to digital converter (5), for converting an output signal of the variable gain amplifier (3) into a digital signal, are integratedly contained in the vibration type gyroscope apparatus. Accordingly, the detection signal is amplified and converted into a digital signal at a range as near as possible to a vibration type gyroscope (1) to thereby prevent the detection signal from being deteriorated by the influence of external noise in a transmission line. Accordingly, the transmission line can be used effectively, so that the signal can be transmitted at high-grade and high-fidelity.

Abstract: To provide a small-sized and highly sensitive oscillation gyroscope, an oscillation gyroscope 20 includes a first through a seventh piezoelectric substrate 24a through 24g, the first through the seventh piezoelectric substrates 24a through 24g are respectively polarized in the same direction and are integrally laminated, a first lead electrode 26a, a second lead electrode 26b, a first driving electrode 28a and a second driving electrode 28b are formed in the first and the second piezoelectric substrates 24a and 24b, the first lead electrode 26a is connected to the first driving electrode 28a and the second lead electrode 26b is connected to the second driving electrode 28b, first through fifth divided electrodes 32a1 through 32e1 and 32a2 through 32e2 are formed in the third through the seventh piezoelectric substrates 24c through 24g, first ones of the first through the fifth divided electrodes 32a1 through 32e1 are mutually connected to one another and also to a third lead electrode 26c and second ones of t

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a vibrator having a diaphragm valve for detecting pressure. First and second circular piezoelectric bodies are located on a respective one of the two principal planes of the diaphragm valve. On one principal plane of the first piezoelectric body, a first circular electrode is located and a second hollow circular electrode is located so as to surround the first electrode. On one principal plane of the second piezoelectric body, a third circular electrode is located so as to oppose the first electrode and a fourth hollow circular electrode is located so as to surround the third electrode and to oppose to the second electrode. In the diaphragm valve, an inside circular portion of the vibrator interposed between the first electrode and the third electrode and an outside circular portion of the vibrator interposed between the second electrode and the fourth electrode vibrate radially so as to expand and contract in opposite directions.

Abstract: A vibrating gyroscope 10 includes a piezoelectric vibrator 12. The piezoelectric vibrator 12 includes a vibrating body 14 having a regular triangular prism shape. Grooves 16 are formed on one side face of the vibrating body 14 along its width direction. The grooves 16 are formed at portions corresponding to nodal points of the vibrating body 14. Piezoelectric elements 18a, 18b and 18c are formed on three side faces of the vibrating body 14. An M-shaped supporting members 26 are attached to the vibrating body 14 at portions in grooves 16.

Abstract: A driving circuit (30) includes an oscillation circuit (32). An input terminal of the oscillation circuit (32) is connected to a feedback piezoelectric element (16a) of a vibratory gyroscope (10). The oscillation circuit (32) is designed to amplify a feedback signal from the feedback piezoelectric element (16a). An output terminal of the oscillation circuit (32) is connected to a first input terminal of an AGC circuit (42), via a phase-shifting circuit (36) for adjusting a phase. The feedback piezoelectric element (16a) is connected to a second input terminal of the AGC circuit (42). An output terminal of the AGC circuit (42) is connected to driving and detecting piezoelectric elements (16b) and (16c). The AGC circuit (42). is designed to suppress the voltage of the driving signal to the driving and detecting piezoelectric elements (16b) and (16c), in response to the voltage of the feedback signal from the feedback piezoelectric element (16a).

Abstract: A vibrating cylindrical rate sensor (10) is mechanically balanced and mode aligned with respect to the vibrating portion of the sensor (10) by removing material from a vibrating portion of the vibrating cylinder (34) after the drive and pick-off transducers (30, 32, 30a, 18, 20) are fixed to the vibrating portion of the vibrating cylinder (34) of the cylindrical rate sensor (10).

Abstract: Four piezoelecric elements are formed on both surfaces of a plate-shaped vibrating body. Two piezoelectric elements are formed to be opposite to each other at one side of the longitudinal center portion of the vibrating body. Another two piezoelectric elements are formed to be opposite to each other at the other side of the longitudinal center portion of the vibrating body. By applying a signal to the piezoelectric elements, the vibrating body is vibrated in a longitudinal direction. In this time, the vibrating body is vibrated in such a manner that longitudinal expansion and contraction take place simultaneously in a part of the vibrating body. By using such vibration, both longitudinal ends are not displaced in spite of the vibration of the vibrating body. The vibrating body can be used as an acceleration sensor by measuring the output voltages from the piezoelectric elements of the vibrating body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vibrating unit comprising vibration cancel means which is coupled to a vibration source through a vibration transfer part. The vibration cancel means receives vibration from the vibration source and resonates in a bending mode, to cancel vibration as propagated by a dynamic vibration absorbing phenomenon.

Abstract: A filter (500) including a first resonator (505) coupled in shunt with a first port (507), a first bridging network (510) coupled between the first port (507) and a first node (509), a second resonator (515) coupled in shunt with the first node (509) and a second port (547) coupled to the first node (509). The first (505) and second (515) resonators each include acoustic resonators (15) and the first bridging network (510) has an electrical length .THETA. at a frequency .omega. in a system having a characteristic admittance Y in accordance with .omega.C.sub.o =Ycot.THETA. where C.sub.o is a shunt capacitance including the clamping capacitance of the first resonator (505) and .omega. is a center frequency of the filter (500).

Abstract: A composite electronic component including a resonator element and a capacitor element fixed together by adhesive material. The capacitor element is longer than the resonator element, so that side steps are defined on both end portions of the elements. First and second lead terminals are connected by solder with first and second capacitor electrodes located on a front surface of the capacitor element and with resonator electrodes located on side surfaces of the resonator element exposed at the side steps. A third lead terminal is connected by solder with a third capacitor electrode located on a rear surface of the capacitor element. Therefore, the thin and miniature composite electronic component adapted for a Colpitts oscillation circuit is obtained at a low cost.

Abstract: A monolithic resonator for a vibrating beam device, either an accelerometer or a pressure transducer, includes an outer structure and an inner structure. The outer structure includes a mounting structure, a proof mass or pressure transfer structure and a plurality of flexure beams parallel for the accelerometer and perpendicular for the pressure transducer, extending between the mounting and either proof mass or pressure transfer structure. The inner structure is connected to the outer structure and contains isolator masses, isolator beams and a vibrating beam. The outer structure has a thickness greater than the intermediate thickness of the isolator masses which is in turn thicker than the inner structure thickness of the isolator beams and vibrating beam. The intermediate thickness is independently selected to achieve the ideal mass requirements of the vibration isolation mechanism.

Abstract: A vibrating beam force-frequency transducer has a flat elongate blade designed to be interposed between two elements for applying a longitudinal force to the blade. The middle portion of the blade constitutes two lateral beams which are separated by a gap and which are interconnected by terminal portions of the blade. The beams carry electrodes for setting the beams into vibration in the plane of the major faces of the blade and for measuring the frequency of vibration. The terminal portions have extensions parallel to the beams and directed towards the middle of the blade in the longitudinal direction. The extensions are arranged for connecting them to the elements in zones that are closer together than are the terminal portions.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrator 12 used for a vibrating gyroscope 10 includes a vibrating body 14 having, for example, regular triangular prism shape. Piezoelectric elements 14a, 14b and 14c are formed respectively on three side faces of the vibrating body 14. Supporting members 24a and 24b are attached to a ridge line of the vibrating body 14 in the vicinity of nodal points. The supporting members 24a and 24b are secured to two supporting substrates 26a and 26b. The supporting substrates 26a and 26b are attached to a base substrate 30 via buffer blocks 28a and 28b. The vibrating body 14 makes a bending vibration, and two ridge lines (A) at symmetrical portions against basic bending vibration are pressed, and the hardness of the two ridge line portions (A) is made high.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a piezoelectric resonator (11) utilizing a width expansion mode provided with a piezoelectric resonance part (12) having a rectangular section in which a ratio b/a of the length of each longer side to that of each shorter side is within a range of .+-.10% about the following value:b/a=n(-1.47.sigma.+1.88) (1)where a represents the length of each shorter side, b represents that of each longer side, .sigma. represents a Poisson's ratio and n represents an integer, and support members (16, 17) which are coupled to central portions of both shorter sides of the piezoelectric resonance part.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vibrating unit containing a vibrator for utilizing vibration of the vibrator. A vibration transfer part is coupled to a portion of the vibrator exhibiting the minimum displacement or a portion close thereto, and a resonant part is coupled to the vibration transfer part and formed to receive vibration propagated from the vibrator to the vibration transfer part to resonate. The vibrating unit utilizes a dynamic vibration absorbing phenomenon.

Abstract: An energy-trap chip-type piezoelectric resonance component has a resonance part defined by first and second resonance electrodes which are formed on a pair of opposite surfaces of a piezoelectric plate so that vibrational energy of the resonance part is partially trapped, and first and second holding plates which are bonded to both sides of the pair of opposite surfaces through adhesive layers, and the adhesive layers are applied onto regions other than that provided with the resonance part for allowing vibration of the resonance part, while the same contain granular solids.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing toner release from an image bearing member in an electrostatographic printing machine, including a resonator suitable for generating vibratory energy arranged in line contact with the back side of the image bearing member for uniformly applying vibratory energy to the image bearing member. The resonator includes a piezoelectric transducer and a horn-type waveguide assembly, wherein an adhesive epoxy augmented with a substantial concentration of electrically conductive, free flowing particulate bead elements is used to bond the horn and piezoelectric transducer element together, without the requirement of a backing plate or bolts. The conductive beads resolve bond layer thickness anomalies while eliminating adhesive flow restrictions such that substantially uniform tip velocity and frequency output can be achieved.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor includes a sensor body obtained by forming first and second signal electrodes on outer major surfaces of first and second piezoelectric ceramic plates which are pasted to each other through an intermediate electrode. The sensor body is formed to be mechanically supported in the form of a center beam, and has first to third regions formed so that stress is caused in different directions in adjacent ones of the first to third regions upon acceleration. The first and second piezoelectric ceramic plates are polarized in opposite directions in the second region so that charges which are opposite in polarity to charges generated in the second region are not drawn from the signal electrodes in the first and third regions.

Abstract: A resonating assembly, generally for use in electrostatographic applications for enhancing transfer of toner from an image bearing member, with the resonating assembly positioned along a longitudinal axis generally transverse to the process direction of movement of the image bearing member, for applying uniform vibratory energy thereto. The resonating assembly includes a plurality of discrete individual resonator elements, each including a vibratory energy producing segment, such as a piezoelectric transducer, for generating vibratory energy and a waveguide segment coupled to the vibratory energy producing segment for directing the vibratory energy to the image bearing member. An alignment rod is provided for extending the length of the entire resonating assembly, along a longitudinal axis thereof, wherein the alignment rod facilitates critical alignment specifications for the resonating assembly.

Abstract: An oscillatory pressure sensor providing an alternating electrical signal representing an oscillation in differential pressure comprises a piezo electric transducer contained within a cavity included in the sensor body in a compressed relationship between two opposite thin side walls of the cavity, which two opposite thin side walls are respectively connected to deflective portions of two thin deflective partitioning walls respectively constituting a planar barrier between two fluid pressures, wherein the combination of deflective motions of the two thin deflective partitioning walls produced by the differential pressure thereacross induces an alternating stress in a piezo electric disc included in the piezo electric transducer and generates an alternating electrical signal from the piezo electric transducer.

Abstract: A vibrator 12 includes a regular triangular prism-shaped vibrating body 14. Center portions of two supporting members 18a and 18b are fixed to the vibrating body 14. One supporting member 18a includes a linear intermediate portion 20a extending in a widthwise direction (y-axis direction) of the vibrator 12, and two linear leg portions 22a and 22a bend downward from both ends of the intermediate portion 20a. In this case, a distance W' between tips of the two leg portions 22a and 22a is expanded wider than a length W of the intermediate portion 20a. Similarly, the other supporting member 18b also includes a linear intermediate portion 20b and two leg portions 22b and 22b, a distance between tips of which is expanded.

Abstract: The vibrator includes, for example, a triangular prism shaped vibrating body. On each of three side faces of the vibrating body, piezoelectric elements are formed respectively. The vibrating body makes bending vibration by giving a driving signal to one or two piezoelectric elements. The vibrator is used in a vibratory gyroscope. In this case, for example, one piezoelectric element is used for vibrating the vibrator. When a rotating force is applied to the vibratory gyroscope, a Coriolis force is exerted to produce output voltages on the remaining two piezoelectric elements corresponding to the rotational angular velocity.

Abstract: A surface-mountable crystal resonator (100) is provided in the following manner. A first predetermined electrode pattern (105) and a second predetermined electrode pattern (201) are formed on a first major surface (104) and a second major surface (200), respectively, of a piezoelectric crystal substrate (101). Additionally, a first predetermined attachment electrode pattern (106), electrically coupled to the second predetermined attachment electrode pattern, and a second predetermined attachment electrode pattern (202), electrically coupled to the first predetermined attachment electrode pattern, are formed on a first attachment area (102) and a second attachment area (103), respectively. The first and second attachment areas include extensions (107) that, when mounted, allow a conductive adhesive (301), placed on a mounting substrate (300), to flow and establish electrical connections with the first and second predetermined attachment electrode patterns.

Abstract: A low voltage bender piezo-actuator with multiple, same size piezo layers (11, 12) separated by thin electrically conductive strips (14) and adapted to be affixed to a rigid, vibration transmitting plate (10) to produce noise counter vibrations to prevent noise from passing through the plate.

Abstract: A vibrating gyroscope 10 includes a vibrator 12. The vibrator 12 has a regular triangular prism-shaped vibrating body 14, and piezoelectric elements 16a, 16b and 16c are formed on side faces of the vibrating body 14. Resistors 26 and 28 are connected to the piezoelectric elements 16a and 16b, and an oscillation circuit 30 and a phase correction circuit 32 are connected between the resistors 26, 28 and the piezoelectric element 16c. An opposite phase signal against a driving signal is supplied to a ground terminal of the vibrator 12. Output signals of the piezoelectric elements 16a and 16b are supplied to a differential circuit 36.

Abstract: A vibratory gyroscope, including a vibrator, which has three elastic arms separated by two slits, a driving means for generating vibration in at least one elastic arm, and a detecting means for detecting a component of vibration in a direction, which intersects with the direction of the vibration generated in an elastic arm due to Coriolis force when the vibrator rotates.

Abstract: Piezoelectric elements are attached to both sides of a flexible metal thin plate, thus forming a bimorph-type piezoelectric vibrator. A portion of the metal thin plate is extended to form a stirring blade. A suitable weight is attached to a part of the metal plate such that the amplitude of the blade is made greater than the amplitude of the vibrator itself. The voltage to be applied to the vibrator and the frequency are adjusted, and the vibrator is vibrated in a second-order mode. Thereby, the entire solution is moved simultaneously, vertical motion is caused, and the stirring efficiency is enhanced.

Abstract: Several exemplary embodiments for an ultrasound transducer are suggested, in which the sound propagation in the vertical plane is narrow-angled and in the horizontal plane wide-angled by means of appropriate damping measures. The effect on the propagation characteristic is achieved by means of the embodiment in accordance with the invention of the oscillating diaphragm and/or the housing, as well as multiple disposition of piezo oscillators. Because of these measures, damping of the sound waves or the sensitivity of the sensor is approximately the same over the entire horizontal angle up to almost 180.degree..

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin film voltage-tuned semiconductor bulk acoustic resonator (SBAR). A piezoelectric film is positioned between a first electrode and a second electrode and positioned adjacent a semiconductor substrate containing a via hole. A variable voltage source applies a DC bias voltage to the electrodes which causes an electric field to be created between the electrodes within the piezoelectric film. The resulting electric field causes the piezoelectric film to resonate at a frequency different than its unbiased resonant frequency. By adjusting the variable voltage source to change the DC bias voltage, the resonant frequency from the thin film semiconductor bulk acoustic resonator (SBAR) can be varied.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensor having a tuning-fork structure comprising a first vibrator including a first actuator and a first detector each attached to a metal plate and joined orthogonally to each other, and a second vibrator including a second actuator and a second detector each attached to another metal plate and joined orthogonally to each other, the two vibrators being coupled by an electrode block to each other in a generally parallel relationship along the axis of detection of the sensor. The first and second detectors have a rectangular plate shape each holding a piezoelectric element. The rectangular plate shape has a lengthwise edge and a widthwise edge where the lengthwise edge parallel to the axis of detection of the sensor and is longer than the width wise edge. At least one of the lengthwise edges of the detectors has a beveled surface formed by removing metal at an angle from the lengthwise edge of the detector to balance the sensor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a counting scale which implements a load cell assembly for the measurement of weight used in counting calculations. A load cell in such an assembly has a beam structure with beams positioned parallel to each other in at least one plane. Generally, these parallel beams are attached to a stationary base and have sensing means attached between the two beams and the base. These sensing means are preferably resonators which have resonant frequencies that vary in response to an applied force on the load cell. A controller is included in the assembly to drive these resonators, convert their frequency outputs to digital values, and correct for various environmental effects, to obtain an accurate weight measurement for use in the counting scale.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vibrating unit comprising vibration cancel means which is coupled to a vibration source through a vibration transfer part. The vibration cancel means receives vibration from the vibration source and resonates in a bending mode, to cancel vibration as propagated by a dynamic vibration absorbing phenomenon.

Abstract: A method to fabricate a tuning fork resonator gyro which uses non-piezoelectric substrate structure is proposed. The tuning fork structure can be effectively rendered piezoelectric for activation and sensing by thin film deposition of a piezoelectric material. Electrical excitation of the piezo film excites vibrations in the structure of the drive tuning fork, and the gyro signal generated due to rotation can be picked up from the piezo film on the signal tuning fork. Most piezoelectric films have a much higher piezoelectric coupling than crystalline quartz, the material used in the prior art. The piezoelectric films on mechanically hard non-piezoelectric substrates are simpler for fabrication, electroding, and have a number of other advantages over the prior art. Fabrication of the tuning fork structures can be done more simply than the prior art, and deposition of the piezo films can be accomplished by sol-gel, or other thin film techniques.

Abstract: A vibrator 1 of a vibrating gyro includes a cylindrical vibrating body 2 made of a piezoelectric ceramic and three electrodes 3, 4, and 5 formed symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry 8. A driver power source S0 applies an AC voltage V across the common electrode 3 and the other two electrodes 4, 5 via current detector/driver means 20 and 30, which include an operational amplifier 21 and 31 and a feedback resistor 22 and 32. The outputs of the current detector/driver means 20 and 30 corresponding to the currents i.sub.L and I.sub.R flowing through the electrodes 4 and 5 are input to a differential amplifier 40, the output of which represents the angular velocity of the vibrator 1.

Abstract: A T connection mouthpiece comprised of a first tubular member with open ends and internal, a tubular member with a smaller diameter having closed ends to define an air chamber. Proximate to the closed end of the air chamber and distal to the mouthpiece is an aperture. A second tubular conduit opens into the first tubular member to be attached to a nebulizer. On the external surface of the T connection mouthpiece and contiguous with the air chamber, is adhered a thin film of polyvinylidene flouride. When the patient inhales through the T connection, airflow is directed to the aperture to generate a fundamental tone, the acoustical energy is converted to electrical energy by the polyvinylidene flouride film. The electrical signal is received and processed by the electronic circuitry which energizes a solenoid valve normally closed to open and to allow for pressurized gas flow to activate the nebulizer. The aerosol is delivered synchronously during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor includes a vibrator of, for example, a quadrangular prism shape. On the opposed side faces of the vibrator, piezoelectric elements are formed. The piezoelectric elements are polarized from the outside toward the vibrator side. Driving signals of the same phase are applied to these piezoelectric elements. The vibrator vibrates in its longitudinal direction by these driving signals. In the vibrator, a resonance frequency of the longitudinal vibration is equalized to a resonance frequency of the bending vibration. A voltage difference between the output voltages of the two piezoelectric elements is detected by a differential circuit. The shape of the vibrator may be a triangular prism shape. In this case, the piezoelectric elements are formed on the three side faces of the vibrator. Two by two combinations of these piezoelectric elements are input to the differential circuits. The piezoelectric elements may be polarized from the vibrator side toward the outside.

Abstract: A transducer for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy at more than one frequency includes first and second electrostrictive layers mechanically coupled together such that ultrasonic vibrations in one layer are coupled into the other layer. The first electrostrictive layer is laminated between upper and middle electrical contact layers, and the second electrostrictive layer is laminated between middle and lower electrical contact layers. A bias voltage arrangement selectively produces within the first and second electrostrictive layers electric fields oriented in opposite directions or electric fields oriented in the same direction. When the electric fields are oriented in opposite directions, the transducer has a first resonance frequency. When the electric fields are oriented in the same direction, the transducer has a second resonance frequency.

Abstract: The ultrasonic actuator of the present invention includes a rod shaped vibration body having a first group of faces and a second group of faces, an exciter which is provided on at least one face of the first group of faces of the vibration body and which generates traveling waves, and a movable member which is pressed against the vibration body and is moved by the traveling waves. There is formed a first reflecting portion at one end portion of the vibration body, and there is formed a second reflecting portion at the other end portion of the vibration body. A support device which supports the vibration body is joined to at least one of the both end portions at which the first and second reflecting portions are formed.

Abstract: This invention discloses a monolithic multipole stacked crystal filter comprised of a series of cascaded 2-port semiconductor bulk acoustic resonator stacked crystal filters electrically cascaded and a shunt inductor connected between each of the 2-port filters. Each of the 2-port filters including a first and second piezoelectric layer, typically aluminum nitride. A first input electrode is positioned on a top surface of one of the piezoelectric layers and a second output electrode is positioned on a bottom surface of the other of the piezoelectric layers. A ground electrode is positioned between the piezoelectric layers. In this regard, the piezoelectric layers will resonate at a resonant frequency and provide bandpass filter characteristics. The complete monolithic multipole filter provides control of the passband shape which yields highly desirable filter characteristics.

Abstract: A frequency selective component and a method for making a frequency selective component. The frequency selective component includes a substrate having at least a first surface and an acoustic impedance transformer coupled to the substrate. The acoustic impedance transformer transforms an acoustic impedance of the substrate to a second acoustic impedance. The acoustic resonator further includes a mechanical resonator disposed on the acoustic impedance transformer. The acoustic resonator provides a frequency selection function.

Abstract: A force sensing element is formed with four vibrating beams having substantially the same width and length. The four beams are spaced apart and disposed parallel to one another and are connected at opposite ends by end portions. With such a configuration, the outer beams move in phase with each other but 180.degree. out of phase with the inner beams. As such, the linear and angular reaction forces at the end portions are effectively cancelled. One advantage of such a configuration is its relative insensitivity to manufacturing process variations. By utilizing four beams which are nearly identical in width, variation in fabrication tolerance has virtually an equal effect on beam mass such that the dynamic balance of the force sensing element is maintained to a high degree of accuracy. Various drive methodologies for the force sensing element are disclosed as well as force sensing elements with integrally-formed isolator systems.