Abstract: A brush holder incorporates a terminal integral part, which has a coupling portion. The coupling portion couples the terminals with each other. The brush holder has a resin body and a plurality of terminals. The resin body has an opening. The terminals are embedded in the resin body. The terminals are coupled to each other by the coupling portion as an integral part before being embedded in the resin body. The coupling portion is exposed from the opening of the resin body. The terminals are separated from each other by cutting the coupling portion, which is exposed from the opening of the resin body. A coating member coats the opening of the resin body to insulate each terminal.

Abstract: An electric machine has a rotor and a stator as well as a method for cooling such a machine. In order to improve cooling of an electric machine, the electric machine (18) has a rotor (2) that is excited by permanent magnets, a stator (38), magnets (3) which are arranged along the circumferential line of the rotor (2) in such a way that a magnetically non-effective zone (10) is created around the center of the rotor (2), at least one opening (11) in the magnetically non-effective zone (10) of the rotor (2) in order to embody an air flow path (41) through the rotor (2), the opening (11) extending substantially in an axial direction, and a fan (15, 56, 58, 59) which moves along with the rotor (2) and is used for embodying an air flow through the opening (11) of the rotor (2).

Abstract: An electric power tool has a motor with a stator and a rotor, an electronic module for operation control and signal and power communication, and a connector for a cable plug connecting the tool to a stationary remote control unit. The electric power tool includes an electric interface between the motor stator and the electronic module including a number of contact elements rigidly attached to the electronic module and a number of matching contact elements rigidly supported on the motor stator to enable quick plug-in between the stator and the electronic module.

Abstract: An axial air gap type electric motor realizes a torque up without an increase of the size of the electric motor. In the axial air gap type electric motor including a stator and two rotors each of which is molded almost with a discoid shape and which are arranged as facing one another on a common rotation axle with a fixed gap therebetween, the stator has a stator core including 3n (n indicates an integer of 2 or higher) pole members, and the pole members with three-phase configuration are connected in parallel. The rotors are formed with multiple magnets molded like a ring at an equal interval at positions facing the annular stator core when facing the stator, and the ratio of the number of the pole members and the number of the magnets becomes 3n:4n (wherein n indicates an integer of 2 or higher).

Abstract: A motor that is operable in response to an external power supply includes a stator core that is electrically connected to the external power supply and a rotor core positioned adjacent the stator core and rotatable about an axis in response to power being delivered to the stator core by the external power supply. A first encasement member is formed around the stator core to define a cavity and a second encasement member is formed around the rotor core and is sized such that at least a portion of the second encasement member and rotor core is disposed within the cavity. A quantity of coolant is disposed within the cavity.

Abstract: The brush holder comprises: an insulating support structure with a central aperture, around which retaining and guiding cases are fixed, a corresponding positive or negative brush being mounted in an axially translatable way in each of these cases. The support structure comprises a body of plastics material incorporating at least a first and a second essentially rigid conducting element connected, respectively, between the positive and negative brush or brushes and associated connecting members , so as to form corresponding connecting paths in the brush holder for connecting the brushes to the terminals of an external source of supply voltage. At least one discontinuity is provided in at least one of the connecting paths.

Abstract: The rotating electric machine has a stator coil wound around a stator, a magnetic pole and a signal rotor fixed to a rotor, and a detection stator, disposed opposite to the signal rotor, for detecting the rotational position of the rotor, characterized by further comprising an adjuster for adjusting the position of the signal rotor or the detection stator by supplying a direct current to a predetermined phase of the stator coil and then a direct current to a different phase from the predetermined phase to rotate the rotor by a predetermined angle or more and constrain the rotor.

Abstract: A motor for a washing machine including a driving shaft coupled to a drum, a stator for forming a magnetic field with a coil wound on a core, and a rotor rotatably mounted on an outside of the stator coupled to the driving shaft for driving the driving shaft, wherein the rotor includes a rotor frame having magnets attached to an inside surface of an outer end, a back yoke on an outside surface of the outer end for reinforcing the rotor frame and forming a magnetic path, a shaft supporting housing at a center of the rotor frame having one end portion of the driving shaft secured thereto, a bushing of a non-conductive resin having the shaft supporting housing formed as one body at a center, the bushing being secured to the rotor frame, and fastening members for fastening the bushing to the rotor frame.

Abstract: A stator includes split cores arranged in a cylindrical shape. Coils are wound continuously around teeth of split cores forming the same electrical phase via a bridge line. On the outer surface of the split core, openings are formed at the upper end face and the lower end face. Through these openings, a convex portion of a jig is inserted to an engagement groove, whereby the split core is supported by the jig. A bridge line of each coil is led out from the teeth side to the outer surface side through an outlet. The led-out bridge lines are placed in storage grooves in a mutually non-contact manner.

Abstract: A vibration motor that includes a base and a case which form an internal space, a shaft rotatably inserted in the base and the case, a rotor inserted onto the shaft and configured to rotate, which includes multiple wound coils and a commutator connected to the wound coils, a weight attached to a lower surface of the rotor, a brush which is in contact with the commutator and which is positioned on the base, and a magnet facing the rotor, can increase vibration and reduce electrical consumption during operation.

Abstract: The brushless direct current motor comprises a housing 10, a stator 13 and a rotor 11 within the housing, windings on the stator, sensors for sensing the position of the rotor relative to the stator and electronic circuitry for switching the current in the windings in response to outputs from the sensors to cause the rotor to rotate relative to the stator. The sensors and at least a part of the electronic circuitry are encapsulated in an electrically insulating and fuel resistant material in a container within the housing.

Abstract: An insulating motor housing includes first to fourth power supply elements stacked in their thickness direction to be spaced and insulated from each other and integrated with a housing body by insert molding. A power source connector using power source terminals of the second to fourth power supply elements as connector terminals is also integrated with the housing body.

Abstract: An in-slot conductor part of a stator winding of a rotary electric machine has multiple in-slot conductors disposed in multiple slots. In each of the multiple slots a plurality of the in-slot conductors are disposed in a line in the depth direction of the slot, in the coil end parts each of the multiple coil end conductors has a root part led out through a slot opening at one of the end faces of a stator core in substantially the same direction as the extension direction of the in-slot conductors and a connecting part disposed farther from the end face of the stator core than this root part and bent so as to form a bridge between two root parts.

Abstract: A motor end bell assembly includes an end bell having an opening in a face of the end bell for accessing terminals of the motor. An additional aperture in the end bell facilitates passage of a power cord through the end bell. A cover at least partially closes the opening and is formed as a single piece of material. The cover includes a tab for at least partially closing the aperture.

Abstract: A linear actuator (1) comprising a housing (6), a motor (2) comprising a stator with coils (4), a screw-nut system, and a rotor (5) axially and radially supported on the motor side by a bearing (11). The bearing comprises a ball (14) rigidly attached to the rotor, a cylindrical cavity (15) formed or positioned in the housing into which the ball (14) is inserted. A stop (17) is positioned in the cavity, supported in an axial direction of the rotor, against the ball (14) in essentially one point.

Abstract: A rotor 1 of an AC generator for vehicle according to the invention in which a conductor 6 is wound around a spool 5 in multi-rows and multi-layers is characterized in that gaps between the conductors at least at the deep portion 22 out of the gaps between the conductors from the innermost layer to the outmost layer are filled evenly with resin 7 forming resin layers. A manufacturing method of a rotor 1 of and AC generator for vehicle according to the invention includes the steps of applying a fluid resin material 7 to a conductor 6 immediately before the conductor 6 is wound on a spool 5, and heating the entire structure to cause the resin 7 to be heat-cured after the conductor 6 to which the fluid resin material 7 has been applied is wound around the spool 5 in multi-rows and multi-layers.

Abstract: [Object] To improve resistance of a motor device against an organic solvent and to suppress degradation in performance of the motor device with time. [Solving Means] In a motor device, an excitation magnet is formed using a hollow-cylinder shaped anisotropic bonded magnet 13. This bonded magnet 13 is press-fitted in a housing 12 and is held. The bonded magnet 13 is formed of a hollow-cylinder shaped anisotropic rare earth bonded magnet which is obtained by compounding an anisotropic rare earth magnet powder with a phenol-novolac type epoxy resin, followed by molding. The anisotropic rare earth bonded magnet 13 is press-fitted along an inner peripheral portion of the housing 12, and on an exposed surface layer of the anisotropic rare earth bonded magnet press-fitted in the housing, a coating layer is formed by an infiltration treatment using a polyamide-imide-based resin.

Abstract: A motor adapted to rotate an element of an appliance, for example, a drum of a washing machine, is disclosed. The motor includes a rotating shaft which is rotatably mounted to a motor mounting member of an appliance, a rotor which includes magnets circumferentially arranged at a position radially spaced apart from a center of the rotating shaft by a predetermined distance such that N and S poles are alternately arranged, and a stator which includes a core made of metal, an insulator enclosing the core while allowing a surface of the core facing the magnets of the rotor to be outwardly exposed, the insulator being made of an insulating resin material, coils wound on the insulator, and a circular molded member formed in accordance with an insert molding method to enclose the insulator and the coils while allowing the surface of the core outwardly exposed through the insulator to be outwardly exposed.

Abstract: In a motor stator structure, a neutral-point bus ring is arranged along an inner peripheral portion of a stator, and alternately includes a larger-diameter portion, a first link portion, a smaller-diameter portion, and a second link portion. An end of a wound wire pulled out of a coil is located between radially-extending adjacent first and second link portions. A connecting terminal is connected at one end to the end of the wound wire, and at the other end to the first and second link portions. The use of the neutral-point bus ring ensures that a neutral point can be formed without bending the end of the wound wire of the coil into a U-shape. Particularly when a rectangular cross-section wire difficult to bend is used as the wound wire, the processing cost can be reduced.

Abstract: A magnet rotor in which rotation prevention and positional displacement (rattling, and misalignment of axes) between a magnet and a rotor body can be restricted, a movable magnet type-instrument with the magnet rotor, and a stepping motor with the magnet rotor. In the magnet rotor, projections (11) and recesses (12) arranged with predetermined intervals and formed in a substantially rectangular shape are provided on the inner wall of a hollow section of an annular magnet (10). Rising side wall sections (11A) defined by the projections (11) are radially directed with the position of the axis (G) of the magnet rotor (R) as the standard. In the rotor body (20), rotation prevention sections (21) for preventing relative rotation between the rotor body (20) and the annular magnet (10) are formed by placing a plastic material along the shapes of the projections (11) and the recesses (12).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a radial core type double rotor brushless direct-current motor is provided. A double rotor structure is employed with inner and outer rotors which are doubly disposed such that a stator core is completely divided. A rotational shaft is rotatably mounted on a housing of an apparatus, cylindrical inner and outer yokes are rotatably mounted on the center of the housing, inner and outer rotors including a number of magnets which are mounted with opposing polarities on the outer surface of the inner yoke and the inner surface of the outer yoke, and a number of cores assemblies are installed between the inner and outer rotors in which a number of coils are wound around a number of division type cores, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus that relates to a dynamoelectric machine brush holder assembly. The apparatus comprising, a plurality of brushes, a plurality of brush holders each having a cavity receptive of one of the plurality of brushes and having two protrusions extending in opposite directions along a surface of the brush holder. A base plate with a surface and a plurality of pairs of tangs radially inwardly open radially outwardly closed and each receptive of one of the protrusions of the brush holders.

Abstract: A housing (16) is provided for a permanent magnet electric motor. The housing includes a plastic frame (18) defining bearing support features at one end thereof. Permanent magnet structure (28) is associated with the frame so as to be exposed in an interior of the housing. Ferrous lamination material (32), defining flux structure, is wound around an exterior of the magnet structure and portions of the plastic frame.

Abstract: A method for making a rotor for a permanent magnet electric motor comprising the steps of providing an annular permanent magnet and an annular back-up member. Affixing the magnet to the inner surface of the back-up member in an un-magnetized condition and overmolding both in an injection molding process while controlling the flow of the molten plastic so as to cause the plastic to engage the opposite sides of the magnet at substantially the same time resulting in a knit line intermediate the magnet sides on the inner surface of the magnet. Magnetizing the magnet.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a direct drive motor in a washing machine, in which a structure of a driving unit in a washing machine is improved to improve processability, and current flow down to the washing shaft is cut off even if insulation between the winding portion of the stator and the rotor is broken, for preventing accidents caused by negligence of safety from taking place.

Abstract: In an AC generator for a vehicle, an end cover has two types of parts, one-type part is away from a rib part in a positive cooling fin, and the other-type part is close to the rib part. The rib part projects toward the end cover side. The one-type part is thinner than the other-type part in the end cover in order to reduce the variation of thermal expansion in each part of the end cover. This configuration increases anti-thermal fatigue of the end cover.

Abstract: Axially upper and lower end surfaces of the stator core 41 are substantially covered by the first insulator 421 and the second insulators 422, both of which are made of resin. A boss 4222 is arranged circumferentially between the two neighboring teeth 411. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, three bosses 4222 are arranged at three out of four positions defined between any two neighboring teeth 411. A conductor pin 43 is inserted into each boss 4222 along the axial direction. The boss 4222 includes a hole extending axially upward from the axially lower end thereof, in which a conductor pin 43 is fitted. An axially lower position of the conductor pin 43 axially downwardly protrudes from the boss 4222. Into each of the notched portions 441 arranged to the circuit board 44, the conductor pin 43 is inserted and is soldered with the circuit board 44 such that the conductor pin 43 and the circuit board are electrically connected.

Abstract: A motor may include a rotor having a rotor shaft and a magnet, at least a stator core disposed around the rotor and provided with a plurality of pole teeth, and at least a coil mounted on the stator core. The stator core includes a terminal block mounting part which is formed so as to protrude on an outer side from the stator core, and a terminal block supporting terminals for the coil is integrally mounted on the terminal block mounting part. The terminal block mounting part may be formed with at least an engaging protruded part and the terminal block is integrated with the engaging protruded part by insert molding or outsert molding.

Abstract: An inner rotor type molded motor controlled by pulse width modulation using an inverter circuit includes a pair of electrically conductive brackets attached to a load-side portion and an anti-load-side portion of a motor frame. An electrically conductive tape is attached on the outside of the motor frame to extend between the brackets, thereby short-circuiting the brackets to each other. In this manner, electrical erosion in the molded motor can be prevented.

Abstract: There is provided an axial air-gap electronic motor in which work for assembling a stator can be performed efficiently. A locking protrusion 26 is provided on a flange portion 24 of core members 21a to 21i which are divided for each teeth 21 and are arranged in a ring form with the rotating shaft axis line being the center, and a connecting member 8 is fitted on the locking protrusion 26, by which the core members 21a to 21i are connected to each other in a ring form.

Abstract: In a motor-driven tool, a carbon brush part 8 is arranged between a suction port 6 and a commutator 11 of the motor and includes a cylindrical side wall 8a. The cylindrical side wall 8a located on an outer periphery of the commutator 11 is provided with a tapered portion 8b which grows wider toward the commutator 11 and grows narrower toward a coil end 10 of the armature. Between the carbon brush part 8 and the coil end 10, there is provided a heat radiating plate 4 made of metal and adapted to be engaged with the carbon brush part 8.

Abstract: Electromagnetic components are provided with a heat exchange mechanism. For example, a fluid-cooled electromagnetic field-functioning device, such as a motor, generator, transformer, solenoid or relay, comprises one or more electrical conductors. A monolithic body of phase change material substantially encapsulates the conductors or an inductor. At least one liquid-tight coolant channel is also substantially encapsulated within the body of phase change material. The coolant channel may be part of a heat pipe or cold plate. The coolant channel may be made by molding a conduit into the body, using a “lost wax” molding process, or injecting gas into the molten phase change material while it is in the mold. The coolant channel may also be formed at the juncture between the body and a cover over the body.

Abstract: Electromagnetic components are provided with a heat exchange mechanism. For example, a fluid-cooled electromagnetic field-functioning device, such as a motor, generator, transformer, solenoid or relay, comprises one or more electrical conductors. A monolithic body of phase change material substantially encapsulates the conductors or an inductor. At least one liquid-tight coolant channel is also substantially encapsulated within the body of phase change material. The coolant channel may be part of a heat pipe or cold plate. The coolant channel may be made by molding a conduit into the body, using a “lost wax” molding process, or injecting gas into the molten phase change material while it is in the mold. The coolant channel may also be formed at the juncture between the body and a cover over the body.

Abstract: Electromagnetic components are provided with a heat exchange mechanism. For example, a fluid-cooled electromagnetic field-functioning device, such as a motor, generator, transformer, solenoid or relay, comprises one or more electrical conductors. A monolithic body of phase change material substantially encapsulates the conductors or an inductor. At least one liquid-tight coolant channel is also substantially encapsulated within the body of phase change material. The coolant channel may be part of a heat pipe or cold plate. The coolant channel may be made by molding a conduit into the body, using a “lost wax” molding process, or injecting gas into the molten phase change material while it is in the mold. The coolant channel may also be formed at the juncture between the body and a cover over the body.

Abstract: Electromagnetic components are provided with a heat exchange mechanism. For example, a fluid-cooled electromagnetic field-functioning device, such as a motor, generator, transformer, solenoid or relay, comprises one or more electrical conductors. A monolithic body of phase change material substantially encapsulates the conductors or an inductor. At least one liquid-tight coolant channel is also substantially encapsulated within the body of phase change material. The coolant channel may be part of a heat pipe or cold plate. The coolant channel may be made by molding a conduit into the body, using a “lost wax” molding process, or injecting gas into the molten phase change material while it is in the mold. The coolant channel may also be formed at the juncture between the body and a cover over the body.

Abstract: A rotor structure of a motor includes a shaft, a holding ring, at least one connecting portion and a magnetic element. The holding ring is disposed on and connected with a periphery of the shaft. The connecting portion is disposed at a conjunction of the shaft and the holding ring. The magnetic element is disposed on a periphery of the holding ring.

Abstract: An electric motor (10) comprising a stator core (11) in which slots (12) are formed, and a coil (20) is inserted in the slots. The slots are filled with an insulating resin (3), and the surface of the coil is coated with a coating layer, such as a phenol type epoxy powdery coating material or a phenol type varnish material. This prevents the insulating layer of the coil from being corroded by a strong alkaline liquid. The coating layer may have a thickness nearly equal to the thickness of an insulating paper. Further, the coating layer may have a thickness nearly equal to, or larger than, the thickness of the insulating paper.

Abstract: A motor includes a shaft including upper and lower shaft members spaced axially away from each other. A shaft connecting member made of electrically insulating material is arranged axially between the upper and lower shaft members. The shaft connecting member is provided with fitting portions to which the upper and lower shaft members are to be fitted. While the upper and lower shaft members are secured to the shaft connecting member, the rotor magnet is integrally formed with the upper and lower shaft members and the shaft connecting member. With this configuration, an axial electric current is prevented from flowing through the shaft by the shaft connecting member.

Abstract: A stator having electromagnetic poles that face an interior or center of a generally circular lamination of the stator includes coils that are encapsulated in epoxy. The outer surface of the epoxy and the outer surface of a laminate of the stator are in combination cylindrical. A method of manufacture includes providing a stator laminate having poles that face the center of the stator laminate. Coils that have been situated in the laminate are axially compressed such that the height of the coils, both on an upper and lower side, is axially decreased relative to the laminate. The stator is then situated into a mold. An epoxy resin is then applied to the mold resulting in the encasement or encapsulation of the upper and lower portions of the coils in epoxy. Epoxy encapsulation of the coils helps protect the stator from damage. The epoxy may also help dissipate heat from the coils.

Abstract: A rotating machine including a stator iron core having a plurality of slots installed in the direction of a rotary shaft, a plurality of armature windings alternately inserted and wound round an outer layer of one of the slots and an inner layer of another slot, and a rotor having a plurality of magnetic poles for rotating inside the stator iron core and each of the armature windings is composed of a single covered conductor wound and has a leading line on the one-end side of the stator iron core.

Abstract: The method of making a two-layer lap winding (12) for a multiphase electrical machine includes the steps of winding a first coil unit (20) of a first phase winding (14) around a winding bar (10); subsequently laying a coil connector (18) of the first phase winding (14) in a first direction and then winding at least one other coil unit (16) of at least one other phase winding (14) around the winding bar (10) and over the coil connector (18). Subsequently a second coil unit (22) of the first phase winding (14) is wound around the winding bar (10) following all first coil units of all phase windings and after all coil connectors from the first coil units are laid. A method of making a stator from the two-layer lap winding (12) is also described.

Abstract: An electric motor includes an annular stator core having a pair of ends opposed to each other in an axial direction, and a coil wound around the stator core. The stator core includes a pair of powder magnetic cores each arranged at the pair of ends and a laminated steel plate arranged between the paired powder magnetic cores. Each of the paired powder magnetic cores includes a section arranged outside the coil in the axial direction.

Abstract: Direct coupling type motor for drum type washing machine having a stator which can reduce material required for fabrication, and a weight after fabrication, simplify a fabrication process, and can be mounted on a fixing side, such as a tub or a bearing housing securely, and a rotor which can enhance rigidity an outer rotor and protect a surface of the outer rotor.

Abstract: A motor may include a bearing made of resin for rotatably supporting one end part of the rotor shaft, and an urging member attached to a bearing holder and abutted with a pressurization face of the bearing to urge the bearing toward a side of the rotor shaft. A molding material injection gate trace (projection) which has been used when the bearing is resin-molded is positioned at a center portion of the pressurization face. The molding material injection gate trace may be positioned in a recessed part which is formed at a roughly center portion of the pressurization face of the bearing. Further, the urging member may include an urging piece which is formed by cutting a center portion of a metal plate in a ring shape and an opening part is formed in the urging piece.

Abstract: A magnetoelectric generator includes: a generating coil that is constituted by: a generating coil main body in which a conducting wire is wound onto respective teeth of a stator core; and an output wire that is led axially outward from the generating coil main body; and a varnish that is applied to a surface of the generating coil and heat-hardened, and an insulating insert is inserted into a gap in the generating coil between adjacent teeth; and the output wire is fixed to the generating coil main body by the varnish and is also fixed by being held between the insulating insert and the generating coil main body.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a stator core for an axial air-gap electronic motor, in which core sheets are laminatedly fixed while being shifted with predetermined intervals. The method includes a step in which first side surfaces in the circumferential direction (first slot surfaces 25) of the first to nth (n is a positive integer) core sheets are blanked out of a mother sheet 60 by moving first blanking punches 360 with predetermined intervals via a first control means 700; and a second blanking step in which second side surfaces in the circumferential direction (second slot surfaces 26) of the first to nth (n is a positive integer) core sheets are blanked in succession by moving a second blanking punch 460 with predetermined intervals via a second control means 700.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing and an overmolded mounting base. A plate is provided with mounting surfaces having a range of alignments including a nominal alignment. The plate is overmolded to form an overmolded plate. The overmolding changes the alignment of the mounting surfaces. The overmolded plate is maintained at a creep temperature for a time interval sufficient for creep to restore the alignment toward the nominal alignment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stator of an outer rotor motor for a washing machine. The stator includes a ring type helical core, an upper insulator having a shape corresponding to a shape of the helical core to enclose an upper part of the helical core, a lower insulator having a shape corresponding to the shape of the helical core to enclose a lower part of the helical core, at least one locking part built in one body of the upper and lower insulators and projected from an inside of the helical core toward a center of the stator to fix the stator to a fixing side of a tub, a locking hole provided to the locking part to fix the stator to the fixing side of the tub via a locking member, and a rigidity reinforcement bracket provided between the upper and lower insulators.

Abstract: The invention proposes an electric motor having a rotor, a rotor and a process for manufacturing a rotor for an electric motor, in which the manufacturing complexity is considerably reduced in comparison with the prior art. This object is achieved by virtue of the fact that, in the rotor, a plastics connection (11, 12) is provided between the return plate (2) and the rotor shaft (1). This plastics connection (11, 12) between the return plate (2) and the rotor shaft (1) is produced in accordance with the manufacturing process according to the invention by injection-molding.

Abstract: Electric motor components are formed of a conductive loaded resin-based material. The conductive loaded resin-based material comprises micron conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination of conductive powder and conductive fibers in a base resin host. The percentage by weight of the conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination thereof is between about 20% and 50% of the weight of the conductive loaded resin-based material. The micron conductive powders are metals or conductive non-metals or metal plated non-metals. The micron conductive fibers may be metal fiber or metal plated fiber. Further, the metal plated fiber may be formed by plating metal onto a metal fiber or by plating metal onto a non-metal fiber. Any platable fiber may be used as the core for a non-metal fiber. Superconductor metals may also be used as micron conductive fibers and/or as metal plating onto fibers in the present invention.