Abstract: A lamp device having first and second ends comprising a glass lens positioned on the first end of the lamp and a socket positioned on the second end of the lamp. The lamp is configured with a parabolic reflecting surface lining the interior side walls of a top portion of the lamp and an array of LEDs or other light emitting device positioned within that the top portion of the lamp. The array of LEDs or other light emitting device are operatively connected to the socket in order to receive power. The lamp may also be configured to facilitate movement of the glass lens closer to and further away from the array of LEDs or other light emitting device in order to shorten or lengthen the focal point of the light beam created by the array of LEDs or other light emitting device.

Abstract: Lamps and bulbs are disclosed generally comprising different combinations and arrangements of a light source, a reflective optical element, and a separate diffusing layer. This arrangement allows for the fabrication of lamps and bulbs that are efficient, reliable and cost effective and can provide an essentially omni-directional emission pattern, even with a light source comprised of an arrangement of LEDs. The lamps according to the present invention can also comprise thermal management features that provide for efficient dissipation of heat from the LEDs, which in turn allows the LEDs to operate at lower temperatures. The lamps can also comprise optical elements to help change the emission pattern from the generally directional pattern of the LEDs to a more omni-directional pattern.

Abstract: To improve the luminance of light emitted by a light-emitting device, the light-emitting device includes a base (1) that has an opening part (1p) constituted by a light-reflecting surface (1r) and a bottom surface (1u), a light-emitting chip (2) that is mounted on the bottom surface (1u) of the opening part (1p), a transparent member (3) that covers the light-emitting chip (2), and an optical member (4) that is disposed on the transparent member (3). The transparent member (3) is disposed on the bottom surface (1u) of the opening part (1p) in a state where the transparent member (3) is spaced away from the light-reflecting surface (1r) of the opening part (1p).

Abstract: Multiple-tier omnidirectional solid-state emission source capable of dispersing light in flexible distributions or custom-intensity distributions which throw more light forward, to the side alternatively, or in all directions. This optical light control requires multiple-surface manipulation of the directions of the light energy bundles emerging from solid-state light sources. Producing uniform light up to 325 degrees in the vertical direction through the combined implementation of multi-stage light guiding for remote source elongation and multiple-tiers of TIR, refraction, and scatter for remote source emission and control. Combining the efficient light production of an LED chip with that of a directly coupled optic results in high efficiency custom distribution to direct light where required.

Abstract: A broadband light illuminator of an optical inspector for optically detecting defects of an inspection object may include an electrode-less chamber including a plasma area from which broadband light is generated; a first energy provider, exterior to the chamber, configured to provide first energy for ionizing high pressure gases to form ionized gases in the chamber; a second energy provider, exterior to the chamber, configured to provide second energy for transforming the ionized gases into a plasma state to form the plasma area at a central portion of the chamber; an elliptical reflector having a first focus at which the chamber is positioned and a second focus such that the broadband light is reflected from the elliptical reflector toward the second focus; and a lens unit focusing the reflected broadband light onto the inspection object to form an inspection light for detecting the defects of the inspection object.

Abstract: The invention describes a lamp (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) comprising a glass envelope (10) enclosing a light generating means (11), and an axially and/or circumferentially graded absorption coating (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) applied to a surface of the glass envelope (10), wherein the graded absorption coating (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) exhibits a smooth transition in a transition region (23A, 23C, 23D) from a first coated region (21 A, 21B, 21C, 21D) on the glass envelope (10) to a second coated region (22A, 22B, 22C, 22D) on the glass envelope (10). The invention further describes a lighting assembly (4) comprising a lamp according to any of claims 1 to 11 and a reflector (40) for collecting and shaping any light passing through the graded absorption coating (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) of the lamp (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D).

Abstract: A luminous flux control member can stabilize an optical performance, make manufacturing easy and improve efficiency of use of light at the same time. A reflection surface (15) is formed in a surface shape, so that an extreme end section of the reflection surface (15) that is the most distant from an emission area (5) is positioned further inward in the radial direction than a base end section that is the closest to the emission area (5), and the reflection surface (15) intersects once a virtual surface that is inclined with respect to an optical axis connecting between the extreme end section and the base end section. The surface shape suppresses an offset of a light distribution of light emitted from the emission area (5) from a designed light distribution due to an offset between an optical axis and the center axis of light emitted from a light source.

Abstract: A known lamp module for spectral analysis devices includes a lamp receptacle body having a cavity for receiving a deuterium lamp having a lamp bulb made of synthetic quartz glass. The cavity has a beam outlet opening closed with an optical transmission element. In order to provide a lamp module having a deuterium lamp with an ozone filter that exhibits a long service life, that can be manufactured economically, and that ensures a high intensity in a wavelength range between 190 nm and 250 nm, such a known lamp module is provided with a VUV edge filter in the beam outlet opening on the side of the optical transmission element facing the deuterium lamp.

Abstract: A color filter preventing the occurrence of cross-talk between colors while improving light extraction efficiency, a method of manufacturing the color filter, and a light-emitting device are provided. The color filter includes: a plurality of color filter layers for a plurality of colors arranged on a substrate, a plurality of projections arranged in contact with the color filter layers, the projections of which parts on a side closer to the color filter layers are connected to one another; and a reflecting mirror film formed so as to be laid over a side surface of each of the plurality of projections.

Abstract: A light source unit includes: an arc tube having a light-emitting portion; a secondary reflector covering part of the periphery of the light-emitting portion and being provided with a secondary reflecting surface for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting portion; a primary reflector having a primary reflecting surface for reflecting the light emitted from the light-emitting portion and the light reflected from the secondary reflector; a first electrode; and a second electrode; wherein the second electrode is arranged at a position which causes an ionic wind to be induced by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and causes air between the secondary reflecting surface and the light-emitting portion to flow, and either one of the first electrode or the second electrode is arranged between the arc tube and the secondary reflector.

Abstract: An optical fiber light source apparatus, includes a casing, a discharge lamp accommodated inside the casing, a concave reflection mirror, which holds the discharge lamp, and an optical fiber, which receives light from the reflection mirror. The concave reflection mirror, to which the discharge lamp is fixed, is held by a holding member, which has an approximately rectangular flange portion in a front face thereof and a regulating concave portion formed in a side of the flange portion. A guide is provided on the casing in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis, so that the flange portion of the holding member is slidably engaged with the guide. A pressing member, which is pressed with a bias force toward the regulating concave portion of the flange and engages with the regulating concave portion, is provided on the guide, thereby securing the concave reflection mirror.

Abstract: An organic EL display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels and a lens array which includes a light-condensing lens portion and a flat portion disposed on the light-emitting surface side of each pixel. Each pixel includes a light-emitting layer contained between a pair of electrodes. Part of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer is condensed by the light-condensing lens portion. A top surface of the light-condensing lens portion overlies the light-emitting region, and a part of the light-condensing lens portion is located outside the light-emitting region.

Abstract: An optical sheet capable of enhancing contrast is provided. The optical sheet includes a layer configured to control light incident on the layer and then allow the light to exit towards the observer side. The optical sheet includes: an optical functional sheet layer having multiple prisms capable of transmitting light and multiple light-absorbing parts capable of absorbing light, the multiple prisms and multiple light-absorbing parts being arranged alternately along a sheet plane of the optical sheet; and an electromagnetic-wave shield layer. The electromagnetic-wave shield layer is positioned on a side opposite to the observer side relative to the optical functional sheet layer.

Abstract: A ceramic composite laminate includes a wavelength-converting layer and a non-emissive layer, wherein the ceramic composite laminate has a wavelength conversion efficiency (WCE) of at least 0.650. The ceramic composite laminate can also include a wavelength-converting ceramic layer comprising an emissive material and a scattering material, wherein the laminated composite has a total transmittance of between about 40% to about 85%. The wavelength-converting layer may be formed from plasma YAG:Ce powder.

Abstract: An observation plug 102 includes a spark plug body 50, an objective optical system 10, and a set of light conduction paths 16. The spark plug body 50 ignites gas in a combustion chamber by an electric discharge in a discharge gap 60, and has an observation hole 4 penetrating in an axial direction at a location dislocated from the discharge gap 60. The objective optical system 10, which is provided in the observation hole 4 to be exposed into the combustion chamber, bends a course of light received from an incident surface 10a facing toward the discharge gap included in an observation area, and forms an image of the observation area within the observation hole 4. The set of light conduction paths 16 is provided in the observation hole 4, and divides the image of the observation area into a plurality of portions to be transmitted therethrough.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electromagnetic wave blocking member for a display apparatus. The electromagnetic wave blocking member may include a transparent substrate, an electrode layer, and a transparent conductive layer. The electrode layer can include i) a grounding electrode corresponding to at least one frame area of the transparent substrate, and ii) an auxiliary electrode overlying the transparent substrate for connection with the grounding electrode and having a mesh or stripe pattern. The transparent conductive layer can be formed either on the electrode layer or between the transparent substrate and the electrode layer. In one example, the transparent conductive layer can include a series of a metal thin film alternating with a metal oxide thin film a plurality of times.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus can prevent unevenness in illuminance from being produced. This light emitting apparatus 5 has: light emitting elements 3 that emit light; and light flux controlling members 4 that control the traveling directions of light emitted from light emitting elements 3, and a plurality of grid convex parts 13 are formed in back surface 12 (i.e. lens bottom surface) of light flux controlling member 4. Grid convex parts 13 vary the incident angles of light incident on back surface 12 of light flux controlling member 4. Therefore, light incident from back surface 12 is scattered without being concentrated, and is emitted from light flux controlling member 4.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrate and a light-emitting element formed on the substrate. The light-emitting element includes a stacked layer structure portion including a reflective electrode, a light-emitting layer on the reflective electrode and a transparent electrode on the light-emitting layer which are stacked over the substrate with the reflective electrode as a bottom layer, the light-emitting layer having a flat surface provided at least on a portion of the light-emitting layer. A bank is disposed in a peripheral area surrounding the flat surface or on a peripheral portion of the flat surface and has a tilt surface tilted with respect to the flat surface. A conductive film is at least provided on the tilt surface and is electrically connected with the transparent electrode, and forms a reflective surface on the tilt surface, and an optical waveguide layer is provided in an area surrounded by the tilt surface.

Abstract: A geometrically shaped photonic crystal structure consisting of alternating layers of thin films is heated to emit light. The structure may include index matching layers or a cavity layer to enhance emissions. The layer thicknesses of the structure may be spatially varied to modify the emission spectrum versus emission angle. The self-focusing structure may be fabricated into a convex electrically heated wire filament light bulb, a concave visible thermophotovoltaic emitter, a concentric directional heat exchanger, an electronic display, or a variety of irregularly shaped remotely read temperature or strain sensors.

Abstract: Provided is a front-side filter which can be easily attached to a cover of a display device, but is difficult to detach from the cover even after long term use and further provided is a PDP device including the same filter. The front-side filter includes a filter base having at least one function among a near-infrared ray shielding function, and a neon light shielding function, and an electromagnetic wave shielding function; and an antireflective layer with an edge pattern, formed on a side of the filter base in such a way that the entire edge portion or a part of the edge portion of the filter base is exposed through the edge pattern to provide a fixing means formed in the edge pattern.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprises: a concave mirror having one focal point; a plurality of main light sources each of which is arranged between the focal point and a light reflection surface of the concave mirror, and emits light toward the light reflection surface; and a plurality of main lenses each of which is arranged between a corresponding one of the main light sources and the light reflection surface, refracts the light emitted from the corresponding main light source toward the light reflection surface, and produces a virtual image of the main light source on the focal point situated at a backside of the main light source.

Abstract: A display device according to one embodiment of the invention includes a display panel for displaying an image and an optical filter attached to the display panel. The optical filter includes an external light anti-reflection layer, a color compensation layer, an external light shielding layer, and an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding layer. The external light shielding layer includes a barrier rib unit including black photoresist at a gap between the EMI shielding layer and the external light anti-reflection layer or the color compensation layer, for partitioning the gap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly-efficient and high-power LED light source and LED lamp which uses the light source and the application of the lamp, particularly relates to a high-power LED light source and to a high-power LED lamp which uses such light source, and also to the application of such lamp. A highly-efficient and high-power LED light source comprising an LED, a condenser which condenses the light of the LED, wherein the said condenser is a concave mirror, and wherein the emitting part of the said LED is located at the focus of the concave mirror; and a converging lens which is located in front of the said LED, wherein the focus of the said converging lens is located at the emitting part of the said LED. The present invention solved the problem of low luminous efficiency of existing high-power LED light sources, and the problem of inadequate fullness and softness of the light emitted by existing high-power LED light sources.

Abstract: A front filter for a plasma display that is mainly used as a TV display. The front filter has an anti-glare function which is capable of effectively preventing reflection concurrently with achieving black color reproduction, and a functional layer for imparting a function required of an image display device such as a light absorbing function and/or an adhesion function. This front filter has an anti-glare layer having a concavo-convex shape on an outermost surface thereof, a polyester film and a functional layer. The anti-glare layer is disposed on the observer-side surface of the front filter; at least one functional layer is disposed on the display device side.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an organic EL element including a pair of electrodes and an emitting layer interposed therebetween and having an optical resonator structure, and a coloring layer facing the organic EL element. A wavelength ?res of a light component with the maximum intensity that the organic EL element emits in a normal direction is shorter than a wavelength at which the coloring layer exhibits the maximum transmittance.

Abstract: A HID luminaire includes a HID lamp, a reflector, and a lens. The reflector has a proximal end, a distal area, and an intermediate are positioned therebetween. The reflector has an interior surface that includes a first portion that extends from the proximal end to the intermediate area and a second portion that extends from the intermediate area to the distal end. The second portion is less light reflective than the first portion. The lens has two different diffusion rates and includes a center portion having a lens inner diameter and an outer portion surrounding the center portion. The lens inner diameter is about the same diameter as the diameter of the intermediate area. The outer portion is more diffuse than the center portion but allows light to be transmitted therethrough.

Abstract: A light-emitting element comprising a substrate; a light-emitting layer disposed above the substrate and emitting a primary light; and, a reflective film disposed between the substrate and the light-emitting layer and formed by at least one layer that reflects the primary light, in which the light-emitting element further comprises a light dispersing multilayered film disposed between the substrate and the reflective film and formed by two or more types of light dispersing layers, and the light dispersing multilayered film multiple-disperses a secondary light into plural wavelengths and discharges the secondary light, which is excited by the primary light passing through the reflective film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal halide lamp for a vehicle headlamp comprising a cylindrically-shaped discharge vessel (23) having a ceramic wall which encloses a discharge space comprising Xe and ionizable filling, and a cylindrically-shaped outer bulb (21) surrounding the discharge vessel (23). According to the invention a portion (25, 26) of the surface of the outer bulb (21) facing away from the discharge vessel (23) is shaped as a negative lens. Preferably, the portion (25, 26) encompasses a segment of the outer bulb (21) with a segment angle ? in the range between 30???60°. Preferably, the portion (25) forming the negative lens is shaped as a flat surface.

Abstract: Display element with at least one color-generating cell of the first type which has an emissive light source, and with at least one color-generating cell of the second type which has a reflective and/or transmissive and/or transflective light source, whereby each cell of the second type can be driven so that it makes visible one of the chromatic colors red, green, blue, magenta, cyan and yellow and the achromatic colors white and black, to compensate at least partly for the absence of the color impression created by at least one color-generating cell of the first type on account of the ambient light of the display element.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to maintain sufficient light extraction from an organic light emitting device and reduce reflection of external light. There are arranged a polarizing member, a prism member, a phase member, and an organic light emitting element which has an organic light emitting layer arranged between a pair of electrodes, in mentioned order from the side of a light extraction surface. When the prism member includes two sheets, the vertex angle of the prism member sheet arranged on the side of the organic light emitting element is preferably a vertex or less of the prism member arranged on the side of the light extraction surface. Furthermore, the prism members are preferably arranged so that pitch directions thereof are orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal rear projector device of the present invention includes a lamp unit providing a light source, a cooling fan for cooling the lamp unit, and an optical system for generating color image light with the lamp unit providing a light source, the lamp unit including a light emitting tube providing a light source, and a reflector for reflecting light emitted from the light emitting tube toward the optical system. The reflector has an air introduction hole for introducing air discharged from the cooling fan into the reflector, which is provided near the spherical portion of the light emitting tube, and faces to a vertical top of the spherical portion to blow the air to the top.

Abstract: A thermal sensitive display is disclosed, including a substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode perpendicular with each other over the substrate, a electric heat converting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a heat induced color changing layer, heated by the electric heat converting layer to display pictures.

Abstract: A display device has a light source that radiates light from a light-emitting portion. A light guide body receives an incident light from the light-emitting portion of the light source and emits light. A display element is illuminated by light emitted from the light guide body and has a color filter having a coloring layer of RGB. A filter layer reflects components of light having a wavelength in a preselected region of 570 nm to 590 nm among the light radiated from the light source and emitted from the light guide body. A phosphor is excited by the components of light in the preselected region reflected by the filter layer and emits red light that passes through the filter layer and through the color filter of the display element.

Abstract: A cool light source includes a reflector having a band-reject reflective coating and an underlying absorptive coating. The cool light source also includes a window with a band-pass transmission function that is substantially complimentary to the band-reject reflective coating.

Abstract: The plasma display device comprises a plasma display panel and the filter which is formed at a front of the plasma display panel, wherein the filter includes an external light shielding sheet which comprises a base unit, and a plurality of pattern units formed on the base unit, wherein a bottom of the pattern units, which is wider than a top of the pattern units, comprises a concave having a curvature. The device can improve bright room contrast. Also, the sharpness of the display images may be enhanced by reducing the bleeding phenomenon of the display images as well as the adhesiveness of the filter may be enhanced by forming the bottom of the pattern units of the external light shielding sheet as a concave shape in which the center area is depressed into the inside.

Abstract: A light source configured to emit first light is combined with a wavelength-converting layer. The wavelength-converting layer is disposed in a path of first light, is spaced apart from the light source, and includes at least one wavelength-converting material such as a phosphor configured to absorb first light and emit second light. The wavelength-converting layer is disposed between a reflective layer and the light source. In some embodiments, the wavelength-converting layer is a thick layer.

Abstract: A beam generator for generating an electrically neutral dual-particle (proton and electron) beam with a uniform magnetic pole orientation imposed on the particles. The uniform orientation gives the dual-particle beam a uniform magnetic field, enabling magnetic modulation of the beam and making the beam self-collimating. Proton and electron beams are generated separately but under common control to ensure equal particle densities to ensure net electrical neutrality when combined. The proton and electron beams may also be concurrently magnetically or electrostatically modulated before being combined. A magnetic lens imposes uniform right, neutral, or left spin on the combined beam. A resonant chamber with fixed or variable resonant frequency determines the frequency of a carrier signal modulated by the modulated combined beam. Electric neutrality prevents detection of the beam with antennas that rely on a signal inducing a voltage on a conductor.

Abstract: The specification and drawings present a new apparatus and method for designing and using display devices with integrated backlight layer structure utilizing separate color diffractive out-coupling (e.g., diffraction out-coupling). A lower substrate of the display can be used to integrate the backlight component (or the backlight layer structure), thus enabling a thin module with the integrated backlighting.

Abstract: A light source device includes: an arc tube having a light emitting portion that emits light; a sub-reflection mirror that covers a part of the periphery of the light emitting portion and reflects the light emitted from the light emitting portion; a main reflection mirror that reflects the light emitted from the light emitting portion and the light reflected by the sub-reflection mirror; and a base that is formed separately from the main reflection mirror and to which the main reflection mirror is secured, wherein an arc tube securing portion for positioning and securing the arc tube is formed in the base.

Abstract: An external light-shielding layer capable of enhancing a visible light transmittance and a contrast ratio and preventing Moire fringe and Newton ring phenomena, a display filter including the external light-shielding layer, and a display device including the display filter. The external light-shielding layer includes a transparent resin matrix, and a plurality of light-shielding patterns formed on the transparent resin matrix and spaced apart from each other in a predetermined interval, wherein a bias angle (?) formed between a traveling direction of the light-shielding patterns and the longer side of the matrix is in a range of about 5 to 80 degrees.

Abstract: Provided is an anode panel of a field emission type backlight unit. The anode panel includes a substrate, an anode formed on a lower surface of the substrate, a phosphor layer coated on a lower surface of the anode and a liquid pack disposed on an upper surface of the substrate, said liquid pack having a transparent cover having cylindrical lens type curved portions and transparent liquid filling in the curved portions.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprises: a concave mirror having one focal point; a plurality of main light sources each of which is arranged between the focal point and a light reflection surface of the concave mirror, and emits light toward the light reflection surface; and a plurality of main lenses each of which is arranged between a corresponding one of the main light sources and the light reflection surface, refracts the light emitted from the corresponding main light source toward the light reflection surface, and produces a virtual image of the main light source on the focal point situated at a backside of the main light source.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display and a display filter, wherein the display filter includes a base film, a plurality of reflective elements, and a plurality of light absorbing elements, wherein each of the light absorbing elements corresponds to a reflective element.

Abstract: An organic EL light-emitting apparatus includes a base, an organic EL device, a prism member, a polarizing member, and a phase member. The prism member, the polarizing member, and the phase member are adjacent to a light extraction side of the organic EL device. The prism member includes a plurality of unit prisms each having a triangular-column shape. The unit prisms are arranged such that their longitudinal directions are parallel to one another. The polarizing member is disposed further from the base than the prism member. The prism member has an apex angle between 90° to 140°.

Abstract: Provided is a configuration for conveniently performing an ground with respect to a film-typed front filter, comprising: a panel; a film-typed front filter attached to a front surface of the panel; a back cover installed at the rear of the panel; a front cabinet equipped at the front of the panel; a frame electrically connected with the back cover; and a grounding member providing with the first point connected with the frame and the second point grounding the film-typed front filter upwardly as a different goods from the frame.

Abstract: The display apparatus (1) is provided with: a plurality of intermediate films (120), each of which reflects light including at least a corresponding light component with a predetermined wavelength from among incoming light; and a plurality of light receiving elements (130), each of which receives the incoming light through the intermediate films.

Abstract: Provided is an electrodeless sulfur lamp including a power supply supplying electrical power, a transparent bulb which has a space inside it, with sulfur being contained in the space, and a coil connected to the power supply, which is wound around an outside surface of the transparent bulb and which induces electric discharge by combining magnetic fields. The exclusion of the magnetron in the sulfur lamp increase a system efficacy and saves a cost for the magnetron. Also, it is possible to prevent the coil from blocking light emitted from the main electric discharge sphere 11, because the coil is not wound around the main electric discharge sphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to light emitting devices (2) with variable output color. More specifically, the inventions provides a color conversion cell (10) which can be positioned in front of a light source (4) in order to generate other color or color temperatures. Typically the light source is a light emitting diode (LED) which is power efficient but emits in a narrow and fixed spectra. The new colors are generated by photoluminescence in fluorescent dyes contained in the cell. The color converting of the cell is electrically controllable, preferably by controlling the orientation, density or distribution of the fluorescent dyes, or by controlling a pathlength of the light in the cell.

Abstract: An external light-shielding layer capable of enhancing a visible light transmittance and a contrast ratio and preventing Moiré fringe and Newton ring phenomena, a display filter including the external light-shielding layer, and a display device including the display filter. The external light-shielding layer includes a transparent resin matrix, and a plurality of light-shielding patterns formed on the transparent resin matrix and spaced apart from each other in a predetermined interval, wherein a bias angle (?) formed between a traveling direction of the light-shielding patterns and the longer side of the matrix is in a range of about 5 to 80 degrees.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements formed on the substrate, and a reflective layer disposed between the substrate and the light-emitting elements and reflecting the light emitted from the light-emitting elements. The light-emitting elements each include a transparent layer that is in contact with the reflective layer, a light-emitting layer disposed on the upper surface of the transparent layer, and an electrode layer with transparency disposed on a side of the light-emitting layer opposite the side on which the reflective layer lies. The distance between the reflective layer and the electrode layer in each of the light-emitting elements is set such that a light component of a specific color in the light emitted from the corresponding light-emitting layer is enhanced by interference and emitted from the electrode layer.