Abstract: Overlapping first and second light guide plates have incidence faces located opposite to each other. Each light guide plate has an emission restraint region, an emission gradually-increasing region and an emission promotion region arranged in order from incidence face toward distal end face. In each emission gradually-increasing region, emission light quantity increases gradually away from each emission restraint region toward each emission promotion region. The emission gradually-increasing regions of the light guide plates overlap each other. The emission promotion region of the second light guide plate overlaps with the emission restraint region of the first light guide plate while the emission restraint region of the second light guide plate overlaps the emission promotion region of the first light guide plate. Light from LEDs is limited by windows. Color-mixing of the LED-light occurs in each emission restraint region to become whitened light gaining emission intensity in the emission promotion regions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an illumination device for microscopes which is provided with a halogen lamp with a reflector and a filament extending in direction of the optical axis and a scatter disk and which enables a homogeneous illumination of the visual field without additional optical components.

Abstract: A light fixture has an illuminant in the form of a high pressure discharge lamp, which is surrounded by a reflector. At least one additional light source radiates single-colored light into the reflector. The additional light source is positioned so that it radiates the single-colored light towards the high pressure discharge lamp. An optical system is provided which focuses the light radiated by the additional light source such that it hits the burner of the high pressure discharge lamp in its entirety.

Abstract: Light sources are disclosed utilizing LED dies having at least one emitting surface. An optical element is provided for efficiently extracting light out of an LED die by controlling the angular distribution of the emitted light. The optical element is optically coupled to but is mechanically decoupled from the emitting surface of the LED die. The optical element has an input surface that is optically coupled to the emitting surface, an output surface that is larger in surface area than the input surface, and at least one intermediate surface.

Abstract: A lamp radiates visible light and infrared light. The lamp bulb of the lamp includes at least a first region which is at least partly permeable to infrared light, and at least partly impermeable to visible light. At least a second region of the bulb is wholly or partly permeable at least to visible light.

Abstract: An optical device which leads light beams emitted by a light source to a predetermined illumination area comprises first and second light leading members. The first light leading member includes a first incident surface configured to be entered the light beams emitted by the light source and a first outgoing radiation surface configured to emit the light beams. The second light leading member includes a second incident surface configured to be entered the light beams emitted from the first outgoing radiation surface of the first light leading member and a second outgoing radiation surface configured to emit the light beams. The first outgoing radiation surface has a shape different from that of the first incident surface. The second outgoing radiation surface has a shape different from that of the second incident surface.

Abstract: A light source module including: at least one lighting seat bodies equipped with light-emitting diodes, the light-emitting diodes being connected with a lighting circuit, whereby after the lighting circuit is closed, the light-emitting diodes are driven and lighted; and a light guide medium, at least one face of the light guide medium being defined as an incident face right facing light-projecting faces of the light-emitting diodes. A back face of the light guide medium is printed with multiple reflective sections. The light coming into the light guide medium is reflected by the reflective sections to a front face of the light guide medium and goes out from the front face.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display and a display filter, wherein the display filter includes a base film, a plurality of reflective elements, and a plurality of light absorbing elements, wherein each of the light absorbing elements corresponds to a reflective element.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel, an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding layer positioned on the plasma display panel, and a filter positioned on the EMI shielding layer. The filter includes an adhesive layer positioned on the EMI shielding layer and a base film layer positioned on the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed, which does not require an optical filter or reduces the cost of the optical filter. In the plasma display panel which comprises an upper panel and a lower panel, the upper panel includes an EMI shielding layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plasma display panel. The plasma display panel comprises a lower substrate and an upper substrate, which are spaced apart by a predetermined distance from each other to define a plurality of discharge cells therebetween; a plurality of barrier ribs disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate; a plurality of address electrodes formed in parallel with one another on an upper surface of the lower substrate; a plurality of discharge electrodes formed in a direction crossing the address electrodes on a lower surface of the upper substrate; and a fluorescent layer formed on an inner wall of the discharge cells, wherein the upper substrate comprises a plurality of light guides, which are formed in parallel with the plurality of address electrodes to focus and output visible light generated from the discharge cells by a discharge, the light guides having a light incident surface.

Abstract: In an organic EL element, an organic EL layer is interposed between anodes and cathodes formed on a substrate. Each of the cathodes is made of a first conductive film that comes into contact with the organic EL layer and a second conductive film that constitutes a laminated structure together with the first conductive film. The first conductive film contains any one of an alkaline metal and an alkaline earth metal. The second conductive film contains any one of at least one type metal selected from a group consisting of Ru (ruthenium), Rh (rhodium), Jr (iridium), Os (osmium) and Re (rhenium) and its oxide.

Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer and/or an organic luminous layer composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer and the organic luminous layer may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer and/or the organic luminous layer, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential. Use of an electroluminescent liquid crystal as a organic luminous layer enables omission of a carrier-transporting layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lamp for a vehicle headlight with low-beam function, which lamp has an outer envelope and emits at least visible light of different colors from several regions of the outer envelope, characterized in that in that a partial coating is at least provided on the outer envelope such that, when the low-beam function is being realized, at least that region of the traffic space which lies above the bright-dark cut-off can be at least partly illuminated with visible colored light which is scattered at said partial coating, while at the same time that region of the traffic space which lies below the bright-dark cut-off can be illuminated with visible light of a different color in defined regions.

Abstract: In a projection cathode ray tube device in which a projection cathode ray tube and a projection lens assembly are coupled and held by a coupler, superior focus characteristics and high resolution are realized by eliminating the deviation between the center of the phosphor screen of the cathode ray tube and the center of the lens assembly. In the cathode ray tube, each of the outside and inside surfaces of a faceplate is formed as a spherical convex surface which is curved toward an electron gun.

Abstract: A LED package including an LED that emits excitation light at an excitation light wavelength and a layer of phosphor material positioned to receive the excitation light and having a first index of refraction at the excitation light wavelength. The phosphor material emits visible light at a visible light wavelength when illuminated with the excitation light. An interference reflector is positioned adjacent to the layer of phosphor material and a TIR promoting layer is in contact with the layer of phosphor material. The TIR promoting layer has a second index of refraction at the excitation light wavelength that is less than the first index of refraction at the excitation light wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus of LED flat light signal display, which comprises at least one light emitting diode, a plurality of flat microlens and at least one microlens set. The light emitting diode acts as a light source for discharging light. The flat microlens comprises a plurality of concentric serrated rings for collimating and converging convergence received from the light source. The microlens set comprises at least one microlens unit with a specific geometric shape for receiving light transmitted from the flat microlens to produce a light spot identical to the specific geometric shape, and the micro unit has a lateral side on its external edge to be disposed next to another lateral side of another micro unit to define a geometric plane. The present invention can provide a maximum viewing area with a minimum quantity of LEDs while being applied in dot matrix LED signals or imaging devices, and also make the images produced by the device smoother to enhance the comfort of viewing.

Abstract: Light-emitting devices, and related components, systems and methods are disclosed. The light-emitting device can include a multi-layer stack of materials and a support. The multi-layer stack of materials can include a light-generating region and a first layer supported by the light-generating. Thee light-generating region can be between the first layer and the support. The surface of the first layer can be configured so that light generated by the light-generating region can emerge from the light-emitting device via the surface of the first layer. The surface of the first layer can have a dielectric function that varies spatially according to a pattern. The pattern can be formed of holes in the surface of the first layer. The pattern is configured so that light generated by the light-generating region that emerges from the light-emitting device via the surface of the first layer is more collimated than a Lambertian distribution of light.

Abstract: A light directing apparatus comprising an LED array having RGB light emitting diode structures arrayed longitudinally along a substrate to form a plurality of RGB triplet groups and a lenslet array having a plurality of lenslet structures positioned adjacent a respective one of the RGB triplet groups. The lenslet structures include for each respective RGB triplet group a plurality of cylindrical lenses indexed to its respective RGB triplet group. The cylindrical lenses are longitudinally arrayed in parallel to said RGB light emitting diode structures. This arrangement results in greater optical efficiency because light from the LEDs is preferentially directed in a desired direction where an observer is most likely to be.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: A lighting source structure has a base having at least one electrode coupled to a power source and a plurality of light sources, with each light source electrically coupled to the electrode to produce light when stimulated. The plurality of light sources are arranged on the base in a manner such that the light produced from the plurality of light sources is projected to form a lighted area that has a central focus point which is separate from the locations of each of the plurality of light sources.

Abstract: A light-emitting device (52) suitable for a flat-panel cathode-ray tube display contains a light-emissive region (66) formed over a plate (64). The light-emissive region contains a plurality of light-emissive particles (72). Part of the outer surface of each of a group of the light-emissive particles is conformally covered with a group of intensity-enhancement coatings (82 and 84).

Abstract: An OLED device, having a pixel includes a plurality of individually addressable first white light emitting elements; a corresponding plurality of color filters located over the first white light emitting elements to filter the light emitted by the first white light emitting elements; and a second separately addressable white light emitting element located over the color filters for passing the filtered white light and emitting white light.

Abstract: The light emitting device includes a light emitting portion having a larger refraction index than air, and a medium which is provided on a light extraction surface extracting light from the light emitting portion and which has different haze ratios depending on a light incident angle, wherein a haze ratio is defined as follows: the haze ratio=(scattered light transmission factor/total light transmission factor)×100 (%), or =(scattered light transmission factor/(scattered light transmission factor+parallel light transmission factor))×100 (%). The light emitting device improves the light extraction efficiency from the light emitting device.

Abstract: A display device includes a flat display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a matrix at an interval and covered with an optically transparent material, and an optical sheet to impart the front directivity of the flat display panel. Light which is emitted from a predetermined one of the plurality of pixels and emerges outside from the surface of the optical sheet located on a region except the pixel to the front direction overlaps neighboring pixels arranged around the pixel in a width equal to or smaller than 20% of the pixel width of the neighboring pixels.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprises a substrate (13), a light-emissive layer (15) disposed over the substrate, and a grating (17) for aligning the light-emissive layer (15). The grating (17) aligns molecules of the emissive layer (15), so that the device emits polarised. The grating also reduces wave guiding effects in the device, so increasing the useful light output of the device.

Abstract: A filter for an electronic display having at least one minimum value of transmittance in a visible light wavelength range of 400-700 nm, if transmittances (%) a, b and c at 435, 545 and 610 nm are compared, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of transmittance (%) is restricted to not more than 10, so that even if external light is a fluorescent lamp in which large emission peaks are present at 435, 545 and 610 nm, such as F10 and F6, the balance of the emission spectrum of the fluorescent lamp will not be lost due to the filter, thereby reducing unnatural coloring of the filter itself, which is installed at the front side of the electronic display, due to external light.

Abstract: A light source useful for a wide variety of lighting applications such as signage, architectural or automotive designs, as well as cosmetic and/or functional features for other products can be created by combining a light collector comprising a sheet of material having a fluorescent substance incorporated therein and an optical element juxtaposed adjacent the collector. Light incident on the collector induces fluorescence that is trapped by total internal reflection, concentrated, and radiated from an edge of the collector. The size of collector plate with respect to its thickness is such that it provides an intensified image along its edge that is readily visible during both daytime and nighttime. The optical element modifies the distribution of light output from an edge of the collector. The optical element is preferably configured to decrease divergence of light emitted from the edge. The optical element may also direct the light emitted from the collector above or below the plane of the collector.

Abstract: A lamp system includes an electric lamp having an internal reflector disposed within an envelope for redirecting light emitted from a filament away from a base of the lamp and onto the filament. Utilizing the internal reflector in this manner improves the efficiency and increases the life expectancy of the lamp by reducing the electrical current required to maintain an optimum temperature of the filament for producing light. Additionally, the ability to place the lamp filament in close proximity to the base of an external reflector alters the focal point of a lamp system incorporating the lamp, thereby allowing use of external reflectors of lesser bulk and diameter without sacrificing efficiency and intensity of the light beam emitted therefrom.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device comprising: a back electrode; an organic light-emitting layer; a transparent electrode; a first reflective mirror; a substrate; and a second reflective mirror in this order, the second reflective mirror having R1(&thgr;=0°) of 80 to 100% and R2(&thgr;=0°) of 0 to 40%, wherein R1(&thgr;) is an average reflectance at a wavelength &lgr; being 400 nm to (&lgr;0−&Dgr;&lgr;) (where &lgr;0 is a resonance wavelength; and &Dgr;&lgr;=&lgr;max−&lgr;0, &lgr;max is a maximum wavelength that is obtained by measuring reflectance having the same value equal to R&agr; in a wavelength range about 400-700 nm, and R&agr; is an average reflectance at a wavelength range from 400 nm to (&lgr;0−100) nm) at an incidence angle &thgr;, and R2(&thgr;) is an average reflectance at a wavelength &lgr; is &lgr;0 to 700 nm at an incidence angle &thgr;.

Abstract: A projector type lamp can include a projection lens formed by combining together projection lens elements obtained by processing a plurality of projection lenses that can be substantially identical in optical axis center Z, focal length, and focal point, yet different in outer diameter. The projection lens can appear substantially rectangular when viewed in an optical axis direction. Boundary portions between the plurality of processed projection lens elements can be composed of a line connecting points of intersection between a contour line of the projection lens and a line defining a part of each unprocessed projection lens element at which thickness is substantially zero. The lens surfaces of the processed projection lens elements can be continuous with one another through stepped portions that are parallel to the optical axis of the projection lens.

Abstract: A luminous material comprising a rubber, glass or plastics material matrix. A luminescent material is dispersed throughout the matrix, and a colorant dispersed throughout the matrix. The colourant gives the matrix a colour when it is observed under substantially white light, and the colourant allowing substantial transmission of light emitted by the luminous material.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: An image display device includes a substrate; a sparse array of light emitting elements formed on one side of the transparent substrate, the light emitting element being selectively addressable to form an image; an array of lens-lets located on the opposite side of the substrate, the focal plane of the lens-lets being at the one side of the substrate and the lens-lets being arranged with respect to the light emitting elements such that the light emitted by the light emitting elements is directed by the respective lens-lets to intersect at a common region associated with a predetermined viewing distance; and the sparseness of the array of the light emitting elements being such that the ratio of the light emitting area of the light-emitting element under a lens-let to the total area of the lens-let is less than or equal to 0.25.

Abstract: A non-imaging optical coupler that is a figure of revolution combining a light-transmitting body defining a recessed input cavity, a transparent droplet-shaped encapsulant of a light-emitting diode, or array of diodes in the cavity, the body having a curved side wall shaped to totally internally reflect all the light emitted from the LED and encapsulant, traveling toward the side wall, within a predetermined distance from the diode or center of array, the body having a cylindrical transition section extending from a curved side wall and forwardly, and a planar exit face at the forward end of the body, transverse to the central axis of the figure of revolution.

Abstract: A colored luminaire, in particular a colored signaling light for automobiles, fitted with a lamp and a luminaire cover in which the lamp has a bulb with a coating of a first layer comprising a pigment, which pigment is chosen from the group of perylene pigments, perinone pigments, isoindoline pigments, and thioindigo pigments, is remarkable for a long useful life. It is not attacked by UV radiation, moisture, and spraying salt and is resistant to temperatures of between 250 and 350° C. Colored luminaires with bulb coatings comprising these pigments alone or in combination with further pigments for color correction comply with the color standards for automobile luminaires.

Abstract: A short-arc high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp includes a pair of electrodes in an arc tube and encloses mercury, a rare gas, and so forth in the arc tube. The lamp is so constructed as to be operated at a lamp current of, for example, about 1.5 A or higher, or at a lamp voltage/lamp current ratio of about 37.5 (V/A) or lower. In addition, the distance between the electrodes, and the like are set so that the rated power per unit arc length P/d≧88 (W/mm) and the tube wall loading Pw (rated power P/internal surface area of the arc tube)≦1.0 (W/mm2). Thus, a lamp is constructed having, even with a relatively low lamp voltage, a high lamp power of, for example, 125 W or higher, having a short arc length and a high luminous flux per unit arc length, and furthermore being one in which damage to the arc tube does not occur.

Abstract: A decorative lamp assembly having an ornamental tube for producing air bubbles when radiated by the lamp bulb, the ornamental tube having tiny plastic balls of different colors that move up and down with the air bubbles, which are formed from dichloromethane upon radiation of heat energy from the lamp bulb.

Abstract: A projector type lamp can include a projection lens formed by combining together projection lens elements obtained by processing a plurality of projection lenses that can be substantially identical in optical axis center Z, focal length, and focal point, yet different in outer diameter. The projection lens can appear substantially rectangular when viewed in an optical axis direction. Boundary portions between the plurality of processed projection lens elements can be composed of a line connecting points of intersection between a contour line of the projection lens and a line defining a part of each unprocessed projection lens element at which thickness is substantially zero. The lens surfaces of the processed projection lens elements can be continuous with one another through stepped portions that are parallel to the optical axis of the projection lens.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: The invention is an optical device which reflects and absorbs light emitted from a light source with the reflected light being a selected wavelength range and the absorbed light being outside the selected wavelength range and a microwave excited discharge lamp. An optical device in accordance with the invention includes a light trap having a plurality of light absorbing surfaces, each light absorbing surface absorbing at least a part of incident light outside the selected wavelength range, the incident light striking an initial light absorbing area and being reflected from the initial light absorbing area to at least a secondary light absorbing area of one of the light absorbing surfaces, and a layer, fixed between the light trap and the light source, which passes the light outside the selected wavelength range to the light trap for absorption therein and which reflects the light within the selected wavelength range to a target area.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: The optical element (29) comprises a substrate (28) provided with a light-transmitting layer (20) whose transmission in the visible range varies in response to a variation in light. The optical element (29) is characterized in that an anti-reflective layer (21) is provided between the substrate (28) and the light-transmitting layer (20), the refractive index of said anti-reflective layer preferably ranging from 1.5 to 2.2. The light-transmitting layer (20) may further be provided, on a side of the light-transmitting layer (20) facing away from the substrate, with a further anti-reflective layer (22) having a refractive index which preferably ranges between 1.3 and 1.6. The light-transmitting layer may comprise an electrochromic element (20) as well as a photochromic element. The optical element (29) is preferably provided on the outside of the display window (28) of a display device.

Abstract: An OED with a first microcavity including a first transparent spacer positioned adjacent the diode light output and a first mirror stack positioned on the first spacer to reflect light back into the OED and to define an optical length of the first microcavity. The optical length of the first microcavity being such that light emitted from the first microcavity has a first spectrum. A second microcavity including a second transparent spacer positioned adjacent the first microcavity and a second mirror stack positioned on the second spacer to reflect light toward the first microcavity and to define an optical length of the second microcavity. The optical length of the second microcavity being such that light emitted from the second microcavity has a second spectrum. Additional microcavities can be placed in the structure to further enhance and alter the light spectrum.

Abstract: A night light includes: a light bulb (10) that produces light when excited by an electric power supply; a phosphorescent element (18) disposed near the light bulb (10) for storing light from the light bulb (10) and re-emitting the light when the light bulb (10) is turned off; and a transparent cover case (15) containing the light bulb (10) and having a face plate (16) disposed on one side of the cover case (15) wherein the phosphorescent element (18) is disposed at least on the opposite side of the cover case (15) from the face plate (16) so that light emitted from the phosphorescent element (18) illuminates the transparent cover case (15). The phosphorescent element (18) is capable of absorbing and storing light and re-emitting the light in an emergency event when the electricity is cut off so as to provide illumination for emergency evacuation.

Abstract: A lenticular lens containing a multiplicity of multi-sided lenticules useful with reflector lamps provides improved light distribution by having the lenticules oriented to avoid parallelism with a projected light image and distributed in a plurality of zones or bands concentric about said optical center. The size and light-spreading ability of the lenticules in each zone is selected to provide the desired light distribution. Parallelism is avoided by having the lenticules arrayed in a plurality of wedge-shaped sections circumferentially arranged in a circle around the optical center of the lens and extending through the zones with the lenticules in each section arrayed in a uniform, close-packed hexagonal array of parallel rows with the longitudinal axis of one of the rows being radially aligned with respect to the optical center of the lens, so that none of the sides of the lenticules are parallel to the light source image projected off the reflector.

Abstract: An automobile headlamp apparatus comprising a direct current driven discharge lamp surrounded by a concave main mirror which confronts a concave spheroidal sub mirror. The main mirror has a first focus point located substantially at a center of a discharge gap of the discharge lamp between the cathode and anode thereof, while the sub mirror has first and second focus points and an opening therein around the optical axis of the sub mirror. The first and second focus points of the sub mirror are arranged to be substantially on the tips of the cathode and anode of the discharge lamp, respectively. A convex lens may be included to condense the light from the main mirror, wherein the main mirror has a second focus point at a focus point of the convex lens. A shade forming a favorable illumination pattern may be included. In one embodiment, a diagonal mirror is inserted between the main mirror and the convex lens to bend the light from the discharge lamp.

Abstract: On the outer surface of a glass face panel 1 of a display device, a first layer 2 of an electrically conductive transparent thin film having a high refractive index, and a second layer 3 and a third layer 4 having a low refractive index are deposited as an anti-reflection film. The first layer 2 is formed to have a thickness in a range of 10-20 nm, whereby the surface of the anti-reflection film has a luminous reflectance of 1.5% or less, and a reflectance of 3% or less at a wavelength of 436 nm most prominent light of blue.

Abstract: A method for making a tantala/silica interference filter on a vitreous substrate, the filter retaining integrity at temperatures in excess of 600.degree. C., includes the steps of applying to the vitreous substrate a first coating of vitreous silica doped with submicron-sized particles, depositing on the first coating by low pressure chemical vapor deposition the filter which comprises a second coating comprising alternating layers of tantala and silica, and heat treating the substrate and first and second coatings to bond the filter to the substrate. There is further provided an electric lamp having an envelope made in accordance with the above method.