Abstract: A light emitting device in which light emitting elements are arranged on a surface of a substrate is provided. Each of the light emitting elements comprises a light emitting layer, a reflective layer arranged between the light emitting layer and the surface, a first electrode arranged between the reflective layer and the light emitting layer, an optical distance adjustment layer arranged between the reflective layer and the first electrode, an insulating layer covering a peripheral portion of the first electrode and arranged, between two light emitting elements adjacent to each other, between the optical distance adjustment layer and the light emitting layer, and a conductive plug extending from the insulating layer to pass through the optical distance adjustment layer and reach a height of an upper surface of the reflective layer while being in electrical contact with the first electrode.

Abstract: A light emitting device (1) comprising a light exit surface (41) and at least one light source (5) configured to, in operation, emit light, wherein the light emitting device is configured to provide a light output at the light exit surface (41), the light output comprising at least one peak intensity in a first direction (A) and an intensity cut-off in at least one second direction (B), where the intensity in the at least one second direction (B) is less than 10 % of the peak intensity in the first direction (A), and wherein the light emitting device (1) comprises a plurality of sparkling elements (6) arranged in the optical path of at least a part of the light emitted by the at least one light source (5), at least two sparkling elements of the plurality of sparkling elements (6) being configured and arranged to be visible when observed from a viewing position corresponding to the at least one second direction (B).

Abstract: In one example, a lighting assembly includes a housing to hold an elongated lamp and an elongated device attached to or integral with the housing and configured to, when an lamp is held in the housing, convert light from the lamp having a first irradiance that is non-uniform along a length into light having a second irradiance that is uniform along the length.

Abstract: It is critical to take high resolution images of the sides of a train while the train is moving. A lens cap with a slit will be placed over the camera lens to direct the focus of the camera, which is likely a line scan camera. In addition to the lens cap a pair of blinders will extend a certain distance outward from the camera to block dust and debris and ambient light. A anti-reflective surface will be placed on the interior of the surface of the blinders to prevent glare and ambient light from interfering with the image that will be taken by the camera.

Abstract: There has been a problem that difference in refractive index between an opposite substrate or a moisture barrier layer provided thereover, and air is maintained large, and light extraction efficiency is low. Further, there has been a problem that peeling or cracking due to the moisture barrier layer is easily generated, which leads to deteriorate the reliability and lifetime of a light-emitting element. A light-emitting element comprises a pixel electrode, an electroluminescent layer, a transparent electrode, a passivation film, a stress relieving layer, and a low refractive index layer, all of which are stacked sequentially. The stress relieving layer serves to prevent peeling of the passivation film. The low refractive index layer serves to reduce reflectivity of light generated in the electroluminescent layer in emitting to air. Therefore, a light-emitting element with high reliability and long lifetime and a display device using the light-emitting element can be provided.

Abstract: An LED optic having a first lens positioned below an LED within a lower collecting lens at a top end of a TIR lens portion, the TIR lens portion having an array of flat diverging TIR facets, beneath which is located an array of parabolic beam reflecting TIR facets. A second lens is positioned beneath the first lens and the array of parabolic beam reflecting TIR facets and is surrounded by an angle-matched refracting lens formed at the lower end of the array of parabolic beam reflecting TIR facets.

Abstract: A lighting device for a vehicle includes a light source that illuminates light, a reflecting surface, a shading member, and a projecting lens. The reflecting surface reflects the light illuminated from the light source and causes the light to converge. The shading member includes an aperture portion at which the light reflected and caused to converge by the reflecting surface is incident. Light that has passed through the aperture portion of the shading member is incident on the projecting lens, and the projecting lens emits the light toward a target.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes a light source unit for emitting a first excitation light beam, a beam shape conversion unit for reflecting the first excitation light beam and outputting the reflected first excitation light beam as a second excitation light beam, and a driving unit for driving the light source unit, wherein the beam shape conversion unit includes a plurality of reflective surfaces having different reflection patterns, and the reflective surfaces are arranged in a direction that intersects the direction in which the first excitation light beam is incident.

Abstract: A lamp has a light emitting element within a sealed transparent vessel. The vessel comprises a cylindrical section with a longitudinal axis L in parallel to a longitudinal axis F of the light emitting element. In order to provide a lamp suited for compact reflectors, a heat shielding element is arranged to shield at least infrared light. The heat shielding element is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal axis F of the light emitting element and has an axial extension of at least 80% of the light emitting element. The heat shielding element is arranged to shield infrared light emitted into directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis F covering a circumferential extension of 20°-120° measured in cross section.

Abstract: A projector and a method of controlling the projector that may give information on suitability of a light source. A projector includes light sources, light modulators (liquid crystal panels) that modulate lights output from the light sources, a projection optical device that projects the lights modulated by the light modulators, a determination unit that determines whether or not a light source unadapted to a mounting position of the projector is attached, and an informing unit (display control unit) that, if a determination that the light source unadapted to the mounting position of the projector is attached is made by the determination unit, gives information in response to a determination result.

Abstract: A light reflecting module includes a securing ring comprising a tube having an outer surface and an inner surface, at least one non-circular plane extending outwards from the outer surface at one end of the tube and an annular plane extending toward a center of the tube and comprising a top plane and a bottom plane, the annular plane has at least one through hole; and a plurality of reflective sheets, wherein each of the reflective sheets includes an inner surface which is a curved surface and serves as a reflecting surface, and the width of the reflective sheet is gradually decreased from a bottom surface to a top surface of the reflective sheet.

Abstract: A reflective surface is disclosed in conjunction with a semiconductor laser to shape a laser beam and modify a direction of the laser beam. The reflective surface may be formed on a structure disposed adjacent to a laser structure to allow high coupling of laser light to, for example, a silicon photonics chip or an optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical laminate body including: a substrate; and an adhesive layer formed on substrate, wherein the optical laminate body is used such that a surface thereof on the adhesive layer side is attached to a glass-made light-emitting surface member, a relationship n3?n2?n1 is satisfied where n1 is a refractive index of the glass that constitutes light-emitting surface member, n2 is a refractive index of the adhesive layer, and n3 is a refractive index of the substrate, the adhesive layer is composed of an acrylic adhesive composition containing an acrylic resin (A), and the acrylic resin (A) is a copolymer of a copolymerizable component [I] containing 40% by weight to 93% by weight of an aromatic ring-containing monomer (a1), and 7% by weight to 60% by weight of a hydroxy group-containing monomer (a2), the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic resin (A) being 200,000 or less.

Abstract: An optical element that may be replaceably mounted to an LED based illumination device. The optical element includes a hollow shell reflector and a plurality of annular shell elements disposed within the hollow shell reflector at different distances from the input port of the optical element. An annular shell element that is closer to the input port of the optical element has a radius that is less than the radius of an annular shell element farther from the input port.

Abstract: A Lucent Waveguide Electromagnetic Wave Plasma Light Source has a fabrication (1) of quartz with an inner closed void enclosure (2) is formed of 8 mm OD, 4 mm ID drawn tube. It is sealed at its inner and outer ends (3,4). Microwave excitable plasma material is sealed inside the enclosure. Its outer end (4) protrudes through an end plate (5) by approximately 10.5 mm and the overall length of the enclosure is approximately 20.5 mm. The tube (71) from which the void is formed is continued backwards from the inner end of the void enclosure as an antenna sheath (72). The 2 mm thick end plate (5) is circular and has the enclosure (2) sealed in a central bore in it.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes: a substrate being a monocrystalline structure, comprising a plurality of recesses; and a plurality of first light-emitting stacks formed in the recesses respectively.

Abstract: A pedestrian warning device for a vehicle (1), especially a vehicle which is intended to be driven on public roads, includes a programmable unit, such as a CPU (3), and a brake pedal (5). The device includes further at least one front brake lamp (2, 13, 15) mounted at the front portion of the vehicle (1). The front brake lamp can be lightened up by the programmable unit (3) when certain predetermined conditions are met. Moreover, the device includes an awareness signal apparatus (10) provided with at least one awareness lamp (12).

Abstract: To provide, at a low cost, a head lamp for a vehicle having a low-beam lamp and a high-beam lamp, which is high in the utilization factor of light and can irradiate a wide area, the present invention is provided with a head lamp for a vehicle which includes a low-beam light source unit that is a reflective type and a high-beam light source unit that is a projector type and is disposed beneath the low-beam light source unit.

Abstract: A backlight module is disclosed, which comprises a light guide plate, a point light source and a substrate. The light guide plate comprises a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other and a side surface located between the top surface and the bottom surface. The point light source is disposed on the substrate. The backlight module further comprises a backplate, a front frame and a first reflective unit. The backplate is adapted to accommodate the light guide plate. The front frame is disposed adjacent to the top surface of the light guide plate. The point light source is disposed adjacent to the side surface. A bisector line of a light emitting range of the point light source is directed towards a plane in which the top surface or the bottom surface of the light guide plate is located.

Abstract: A sub headlight unit for use in a vehicle that leans into turns includes a sub headlight light source that illuminates an area ahead and outward of the vehicle with respect to a width direction of the vehicle. The sub headlight light source is configured to, when the vehicle is in an upright state, produce an illumination range including an area above a horizontal plane. The sub headlight light source is turned on in accordance with a lean angle of the vehicle. At a time of parking or stopping or at a time of running straight ahead, the sub headlight light source is turned on or caused to flash with the amount of light per unit of time being reduced as compared with the amount of light per unit of time emitted when the sub headlight light source is turned on in accordance with the lean angle of the vehicle.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display apparatus that includes a substrate, an organic light emitting unit formed on the substrate, a reflection member disposed on a non-light emitting region of the organic light emitting unit, and a sealing member that seals the organic light emitting unit. The organic light emitting display apparatus can function as a display apparatus or a mirror.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical reflector including an alternating stack of at least one first layer of complex refraction index n1 and at least one second layer of complex refraction index n2, in which the first layer includes semiconductor nanocrystals, including the following steps: calculation of the total number of layers of the stack, of the thicknesses of each of the layers and of the values of complex refraction indices n1 and n2 on the basis of the characteristics of a desired spectral reflectivity window of the optical reflector, including the use of an optical transfer matrices calculation method; calculation of deposition and annealing parameters of the layers on the basis of the total number of layers and of the values of previously calculated complex refraction indices n1 and n2; deposition and annealing of the layers in accordance with the previously calculated parameters.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a first layer that generates light by injection current and forms a waveguide for the light, and an electrode that injects the current into the first layer, wherein the waveguide has a first region, a second region, and a third region, the first region and the second region connect at a first reflection part, the first region and the third region connect at a second reflection part, the second region and the third region extend to an output surface, a longitudinal direction of the first region is parallel to the output surface, and a first light output from the second region at the output surface and a second light output from the third region at the output surface are output in parallel to one another.

Abstract: Color purity of a light emitting element is improved without an adverse effect such as reduction in voltage and luminance efficiency. The light emitting element has a light emitting laminated body including a light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes. A buffer layer is provided to be in contact with at least one of the electrodes. One of the electrodes is an electrode having high reflectance and the other is a translucent electrode. By employing a translucent electrode, light can be transmitted and reflected. An optical distance between the electrodes is adjusted in accordance with a thickness of the buffer layer, and accordingly, light can be resonated between the electrodes. The buffer layer is made of a composite material including an organic compound and a metal compound; therefore, voltage and luminance efficiency of the light emitting element is not affected even if a distance between the electrodes becomes long.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to methods, system, and devices for high-bay lighting. A device may comprise a plurality of reflectors coupled to a support structure. The device may further include a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs), wherein each LED of the plurality of LEDs is coupled to and positioned within a dedicated reflector of the plurality of reflectors.

Abstract: A lighting assembly utilizing a reflective body for use with a light source to uniformly disperse the light from the light source. The reflective body includes a lower array of first reflectors arranged about a central axis. Each of the first reflectors form an obtuse angle with the next adjacent first reflector. The reflective body also includes an upper array of second reflectors arranged about the central axis. Each of said second reflectors include a left face and a right face. The upper array defines obtuse angles between next adjacent second reflectors. Additionally, reflex angles are defined between the left and right faces of the second reflectors. The combination of angles evenly disperse the light supplied from the light source to provide a pleasant glow for illuminating an area below the lighting assembly without causing hot spots.

Abstract: A blue LED device has a transparent substrate and a reflector structure disposed on the backside of the substrate. The reflector structure includes a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) structure having layers configured to reflect yellow light as well as blue light. In one example, the DBR structure includes a first portion where the thicknesses of the layers are larger, and also includes a second portion where the thicknesses of the layers are smaller. In addition to having a reflectance of more than 97.5 percent for light of a wavelength in a 440 nm-470 nm range, the overall reflector structure has a reflectance of more than 90 percent for light of a wavelength in a 500 nm-700 nm range.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a light emitting element that includes a reflection layer formed on a substrate, a light emitting layer formed on the reflection layer, and a semi-reflection layer formed on the light emitting layer, so as to transmit a portion of light from the light emitting layer and to reflect a remaining portion of the light. The light emitting element is configured as an optical resonator that causes a portion of the light outputted from the light emitting layer travelling at a predetermined angle ?, larger than 0 degrees with respect to a direction perpendicular to the reflection layer, to resonate between the reflection layer and the semi-reflection layer and extracts the light from the side of the semi-reflection layer.

Abstract: An optical system includes an outer reflector and at least one inner reflector, wherein the inner reflector is disposed within the outer reflector. The outer reflector has a proximal end, a distal end, and an interior surface extending from the distal end to the proximal end. The inner reflector has a proximal end, a distal end, and an interior surface and exterior surface extending from the distal end to the proximal end. The proximal end of the outer reflector is positioned adjacent a light source, wherein the light source is surrounded by the outer reflector's proximal end. The light source emits narrow angle beams of light through the inner reflector and emits wide angle beams of light between the outer reflector's inner surface and the inner reflector's external surface. The positioning and dimension of the inner reflector prevents the light source from emitting wide angle beams of light directly to an illuminated surface.

Abstract: An LED lighting device includes a lampshade, a plurality of LED light sources and a light guiding member. The light guiding member is arranged inside the lampshade, and includes a plurality of plates each having a connecting end, wherein the connecting ends of the plurality of plates are connected together. Each plate includes two surfaces, one or two of which includes a plurality of accentuated portions, and one of the plates defines a light incident surface opposing the LED light sources. After entering the light guiding member from the light incident surface, the light from the LED light sources is reflected between opposite surfaces of each plate of the light guiding member. Light reaching the accentuated portions is diffused and exits the light guiding member, to be finally transmitted outside through the lampshade.

Abstract: A color filter preventing the occurrence of cross-talk between colors while improving light extraction efficiency, a method of manufacturing the color filter, and a light-emitting device are provided. The color filter includes: a plurality of color filter layers for a plurality of colors arranged on a substrate, a plurality of projections arranged in contact with the color filter layers, the projections of which parts on a side closer to the color filter layers are connected to one another; and a reflecting mirror film formed so as to be laid over a side surface of each of the plurality of projections.

Abstract: A light source unit includes: an arc tube having a light-emitting portion; a secondary reflector covering part of the periphery of the light-emitting portion and being provided with a secondary reflecting surface for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting portion; a primary reflector having a primary reflecting surface for reflecting the light emitted from the light-emitting portion and the light reflected from the secondary reflector; a first electrode; and a second electrode; wherein the second electrode is arranged at a position which causes an ionic wind to be induced by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and causes air between the secondary reflecting surface and the light-emitting portion to flow, and either one of the first electrode or the second electrode is arranged between the arc tube and the secondary reflector.

Abstract: A module is provided for irradiation of at least one substrate. The module includes an irradiation unit for irradiating the substrate with ultraviolet light, wherein the irradiation unit has a discharge lamp with an integrated reflector. A method is also provided for producing an irradiation module for irradiating a substrate using UV light, wherein the reflector is coated on the discharge lamp.

Abstract: An illuminator includes: a first light source and a second light source that are disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to an illumination optical axis, wherein each of the first and second light sources includes an arc tube, a first reflector disposed to surround part of the entire space around the optical axis of the arc tube, the first reflector reflecting the light emitted from the arc tube toward an object to be illuminated, and a second reflector disposed on the opposite side of the optical axis of the arc tube to the first reflector, the second reflector reflecting the light emitted from the arc tube toward the first reflector.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high pressure discharge lamp with a start-up assist member, a lamp unit, and a lamp system that reduce breakdown voltage and provide high design flexibility by reducing restriction on a position of an adjacent conductor. In a high pressure discharge lamp 10 of a lamp unit 1, a dielectric member 20 is on the outer surface of a first sealing part 101A. The dielectric member 20 made of a titanium compound has relative permittivity higher than that of fused quartz. An upstream end of a metal wire 21 is connected to an external lead wire 102B projecting from a second sealing part 101B. A downstream end 21a is in contact with the dielectric member 20. Upon lighting of the lamp, a corona discharge occurs at the point where the end 21a is in contact with the dielectric member 20 so that breakdown voltage is reduced.

Abstract: An LED module includes a housing, a plurality of LED modules, a plurality of first and second reflectors, a heat sink attached to the housing and an envelope engaged with the housing and covering the LED modules, the first and second reflectors. The housing includes a base and four sidewalls extending upwardly from edges of the base. The LED modules are mounted on the base. The first reflectors are accommodated in the housing and each cover a corresponding LED module. The second reflectors are mounted on the base and each located at a lateral side of the corresponding LED module.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a small-sized high-efficiency high pressure discharge lamp that exhibits favorable light intensity distribution properties and is less likely to cause breakage of an arc tube. The present invention is a high pressure discharge lamp 101 comprising: an arc tube 110 that includes; a light-emitting part 111 having a substantially spherical shape and having mercury enclosed therein; and a pair of sealing parts 112 extending from opposite sides of the light-emitting part 111; and a pair of electrodes 130 that are arranged in the arc tube 110 such that an end of each electrode is sealed by a respective sealing part and the other ends of the electrodes oppose each other in the light-emitting part. The enclosed mercury has a density of 0.2 to 0.4 [mg/mm3] inclusive. A distance W from a contact point S to a center O is 3.0 to 5.0 [mm] inclusive. A distance CO from a contact point TO to the center O is 1.5 to 3.0 [mm] inclusive.

Abstract: A light assembly includes a metal halide light source having an arc tube with first and second legs extending from a discharge chamber. A light transmissive capsule surrounds the light source. A reflector is received in the capsule and has a large diameter, annular first portion that receives light from the discharge chamber and is dimensioned to operatively engage an inner surface of the capsule to mount the reflector assembly and light source relative to the capsule. In addition, a small diameter portion of the reflector assembly is received around the first leg. By electrically interconnecting the reflector with the second electrode assembly, namely the support leg, and positioning the small diameter portion closer to the first electrode assembly than the dimension between the electrode terminal ends allows the reflector to also serve as an ignition aid.

Abstract: A light-emitting device including: an organic layer which is interposed between a first electrode and a second electrode and in which a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer emitting light of single colors or two or more different colors in a visible wavelength region are sequentially included at mutually separated positions in that order in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode; a first reflective interface which is provided on the side of the first electrode so as to reflect light emitted from the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer to be emitted from the side of the second electrode; and a second reflective interface and a third reflective interface which are sequentially provided on the side of the second electrode at mutually separated positions in that order in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode.

Abstract: A lamp assembly (1) comprises at least a light source (8) and a reflector for reflecting light from the light source (8). The reflector is positionable with respect to the light source (8) in at least a first position and a second position to obtain a spot-like light emission in the first position and a more or less omnidirectional light emission, in the second position, of the light emitted by the lamp assembly (1). The lamp assembly (1) comprises a reflective layer (7). In the first position of the reflector at least part of the light is reflected by the reflector as well as by the reflective layer (7). In the second position of the reflector at least part of the light is reflected by the reflector and passes along the reflective layer (7).

Abstract: It is an object to propose a display device in which reflection of external light on a reflective polarizing plate is prevented and also extraction efficiency of light from a light-emitting layer is improved. If the display device has a light-emitting layer provided over a reflective electrode, a transparent electrode provided over the light-emitting layer, a transparent substrate provided over the transparent electrode, a reflective polarizing plate provided over the transparent substrate, a quarter wave plate provided over the reflective polarizing plate, and a polarizing plate provided over the quarter wave plate, reflection of an outside image can be suppressed, and light emitted in the light-emitting layer can be extracted efficiently.

Abstract: A lamp assembly (1) comprises at least a light source (8) and a reflector for reflecting light from the light source (8). The reflector is positionable with respect to the light source (8) in at least a first position and a second position to obtain a spot-like light emission in the first position and a more or less omnidirectional light emission, in the second position, of the light emitted by the lamp assembly (1). The lamp assembly (1) comprises a reflective layer (7). In the first position of the reflector at least part of the light is reflected by the reflector as well as by the reflective layer (7). In the second position of the reflector at least part of the light is reflected by the reflector and passes along the reflective layer (7).

Abstract: An article of manufacture, comprising: at least one point source of light which emits a light beam; and at least one reflective means for diffusing the light and/or converting the light to a different color range. The goal of this invention is to greatly increase the energy efficiency of area lighting by the use of highly efficient beams light sources.

Abstract: A planar light source device is provided which has high light extraction efficiency and in which a change in color tone at different viewing angles is small. The planar light source device includes, on a light emitting surface, a concavo-convex structure layer made of a resin composition. In this planar light source device, the concavo-convex structure layer has a cone, pyramid, or prism shape, and the resin composition contains a transparent resin and particles. In particular, in the planar light source device, variations in any of x- and y-chromaticity coordinates in any directions in a hemisphere on the light emitting surface are within ±0.1, the diameter of the particle is 10 ?m or less, and the amount of the particles is 1 to 40 wt % based on the total amount of the resin composition. In addition, the difference in refractive index between the particles and the transparent resin is 0.05 to 0.5.

Abstract: An optical emitter enabling conversion of light from a light source. The optical emitter includes a first conic reflector defining an aperture for receiving the light source, a second conic reflector opposite the first conic reflector for collimating light emitted by the light source, and a volumetric light conversion element between at least a portion of the first reflector and at least a portion of the second reflector. The optical emitter can also include a convex mirror adjacent the vertex of the second conic reflector, and an elliptical element adjacent the first conic reflector. The light conversion element can include phosphor dispersed in a resin to convert light from a first wavelength to light of a second, longer, wavelength, wherein converted light is emitted from the light conversion element.

Abstract: A light-emitting device including: an organic layer which is interposed between a first electrode and a second electrode and in which a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer emitting light of single colors or two or more different colors in a visible wavelength region are sequentially included at mutually separated positions in that order in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode; a first reflective interface which is provided on the side of the first electrode so as to reflect light emitted from the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer to be emitted from the side of the second electrode; and a second reflective interface and a third reflective interface which are sequentially provided on the side of the second electrode at mutually separated positions in that order in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes: light-emitting devices emitting light of different single colors in a visible wavelength region, wherein each of the light-emitting devices includes an organic layer which is interposed between first and second electrodes and in which a first or second light-emitting layer emitting light of different single colors is included at a first or second position separated from each other in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode; a first reflective interface which is provided on the side of the first electrode so as to reflect light emitted from the first or second light-emitting layer to be emitted from the side of the second electrode; and a second reflective interface and a third reflective interface which are provided on the side of the second electrode at mutually separated positions in that order in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes: light-emitting devices emitting light of different single colors in a visible wavelength region, wherein each of the light-emitting devices includes an organic layer which is interposed between first and second electrodes and in which a first or second light-emitting layer emitting light of different single colors is included at a first or second position separated from each other in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode; a first reflective interface which is provided on the side of the first electrode so as to reflect light emitted from the first or second light-emitting layer to be emitted from the side of the second electrode; and a second reflective interface and a third reflective interface which are provided on the side of the second electrode at mutually separated positions in that order in a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode.

Abstract: A PAR38 light source assembly for use with a fixture having PAR38 socket connected to a ballast circuit for generating a ballast voltage. An electrically insulating housing supports a PAR38 screw base and encloses a CMH lamp and a circuit board providing a high voltage to ignite or re-ignite the lamp. The housing supports a reflector a lens wherein the lens, the reflector and the housing form an electrically insulating enclosure so that the PAR38 screw base is the only electrically conductive portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color electronic paper display device, which includes: a base; a first colorant disposed on the base; a second colorant disposed on the base, the second colorant having lower reflectance and size lower than those of the first colorant; and an electrode part for applying voltages to the first and second colorants.