Abstract: An indicator lamp has a U-shaped fluorescent bulb having a pair of generally parallel legs and a driving circuit connected to the bulb for energizing same with an alternating-current voltage of a frequency greater than 40 kHz. When the driving frequency lies above 50 kHz and below 100 kHz, preferably between 80 kHz and 90 kHz, it has been found that the generation of spurious radio-frequency signals drops enormously, and in fact the system can normally be turned to generate no r-f interference at all. The driving circuit has an oscillator having a transistor, a trigger having an adjustable transformer and a transistor-controlled help stage connected to the transistor, and an electronic time-constant circuit connected to the trigger. The time-constant circuit includes a resistor and capacitor. The transformer has a primary connected to the oscillator and a secondary connected through the trigger to the bulb. This trigger has a resonance circuit connected to the transformer secondary.

Abstract: In a light assembly in which a holder in which a bulb is fixed is replaceably mounted in a lamp housing having a reflector formed integrally therewith, the portion near the apex of the reflective surface of the reflector is formed flat, so that the reflective surface of the reflector can be formed without taking in consideration the molding precision of the portion near the apex and that any of the lamp units under different standards are applied can be accomodated. Furthermore, since the light emitted from the filament and going toward the flat portion can be prevented by a shade from being incident upon the flat portion, thus preventing any glaring light from occurring.

Abstract: Light emitting diode (LED) display devices having several luminous segments are disposed inside a transparent front support plate and each of a plurality of light emission diodes is associated with one of the respective luminous segment via a light conducting segment. This display device requires little space, is easy and cost-effective to manufacture, and permits great design flexibility in order to make possible an expansion of its area of use. The invention provides to this end that the light conducting segment is formed in the region of the respective luminous segment as a quasi planar light guide structure for the distribution of the light emitted by the respective light emission diode in the region of the luminous segment. The light emitting diode display device in accordance with the invention is suitable as a LED display for numerals and/or symbols.

Abstract: Improvements in alternating current plasma display panels are disclosed including an imperforate intermediate structure in such a panel which provides both the function of a separator between the front and back plates (layers or structures) of the panel and the function of cross talk reducing barriers between cells of the panel. The structure includes spacing bosses which extend from the barrier structure and engage the front transparent dielectric plate, and sidewall portions intermediate adjacent pairs of spacing bosses which are separated somewhat from the front dielectric plate to provide a gas and ion passing gap between adjacent cells. In one preferred form, the sidewalls blend into a generally flat bottom wall within each cell. The sidewalls and bottom wall have a smooth or specular surface and may be coated with a reflective material to enhance cell brightness.

Abstract: A glare control lamp and reflector assembly and method for glare control which includes a conventional lamp and symmetrical reflector for providing a controlled light beam to a target area. A reflector shield can be positioned on the reflector below the lamp and has the properties of diverging incident light downwardly towards the target area and thus controls reflection upwardly which would produce glare. A glare shield can be positioned on the top of the reflector and extends outwardly from the outer edge of the reflector to block both direct light and reflected light from traveling upwardly and outwardly which would produce glare. In a further combination, a lamp shield can be positioned over a portion of the outermost extending end of the lamp to prevent unreflected light from directly causing glare. A still further feature and embodiment of the invention includes an arc shield which is positioned directly adjacent to the arc of the arc lamp used with the glare control lamp and reflector assembly.

Abstract: A surface for reflecting light energy of a first frequency range while transmitting light energy of a second frequency range and an incandescent lamp employing such a surface utilizes an array of corner cube elements. Each element has three sides which are mutually perpendicular and meet at a common vertex. Each side of each element is a surface in the shape of a square. All edges of the three square sides have equal dimensions. The array of elements is arranged with each element except for extreme outer elements having all of its edges contiguous with corresponding edges of other elements so as to form a continuous surface of the elements such that the projection of outer edges of each element on a common plane through corners of each side diagonally opposite to the vertex of that element form a hexagon. At least one surface of each element being dichroic to allow transmission of light energy of the second frequency range while reflecting light energy of the first frequency range.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a blown glass lamp vessel having a neck-shaped wall portion, a parabolically curved wall portion which extends substantially transversely and a wall portion curved in accordance with an arc of a circle which extends substantially in the axial direction. A filament is arranged in a plane through the foci of the wall portion and at least partly coincides therewith. The electric incandescent lamp has the advantage that, independent of its finish it has a lamp vessel of the same shape and the same mounting means for the filament. The manufacture of incandescent lamps of different types is thereby simplified considerably.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a multi-use lamp vessel having a neck-shaped wall portion, a wall portion which is curved in accordance with a first circuit arc and extends substantially in the transverse direction, and a wall portion which is curved in accordance with a second circular arc and extends substantially in the axial direction. A filament is arranged in the proximity of the largest diameter. The electric incandescent lamp has the advantage that, independent of its finish it has a lamp vessel of the same shape and the same mounting means for the filament. The manufacture of incandescent lamps of different types is thereby simplified considerably.

Abstract: An elongated, coiled, electrical resistance heating filament is positioned along the major axis of an ellipsoidal reflector with its inner end positioned at the inner focus of the reflector and with the coil extending outwardly toward but short of an annular rim defining the front of the reflector. The coiled filament is supported by a pair of power supply leads connected to the inner and outer ends of thereof and forming stiff conductive support pillars mounted in a thickened support and seal portion at the apex of the reflector. The front of the reflector may be closed by a glass plate sealed to the annular rim. A secondary reflector may be provided on the major axis of the ellipsoidal reflector between the outer end of the coiled filament and the annular rim. The secondary reflector may be a figure of rotation of any shape, e.g., parabolic or conical, capable of throwing energy that would otherwise escape back through the coiled filament and serves to conserve energy and shield the eyes of the user.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp includes an envelope with a wall having an inner and an outer curved surfaces. An incandescent filament is located within the envelope. A device is provided to connect the incandescent filament to a source of electrical power to cause it to incandesce. The curved inner surface of the envelope is defined by a plurality of interconnecting, substantially flat chord surfaces interposed to each other at an angle.

Abstract: A mercury arc lamp comprises a glass envelope including a center portion. A cathode and an anode are sealed within the envelope. The internal ends of the cathode and the anode lie in close proximity to each other within the center portion of the envelope. Electrically conductive positive and negative contacts are connected to the anode and the cathode, respectively. The interior of the envelope contains mercury and cadmium to be vaporized during operation of the lamp. A pair of reflective coatings is around the envelope. Each coating is located near an internal end of the cathode and the anode, respectively, with a space between the coatings so that the arc between the cathode and the anode is adapted to emit radiation through the space. A flow cytometry apparatus which uses a mercury arc lamp such as described above, is also within the purview of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a headlamp for a vehicle wherein a reflector is different in focal position of a paraboloidal surface between an upper surface and a lower surface thereof, a focal point on the lower surface side is formed to be positioned forwardly more than a length of a sub-filament from a focal point on the upper surface side, and the sub-filament is positioned between both the focal points to thereby efficiently utilize luminescense and obtain a light distribution pattern of high luminous intensity.

Abstract: A high intensity gaseous discharge lamp employs a discharge medium which emits radiation at multiple, narrow line wavelengths which combine to produce white light. Coatings are applied to the arc tube to prevent emission of certain ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, and a cylindrical barrier blocks certain long wavelength infrared radiation from being emitted by the lamp.

Abstract: The electric reflector lamp according to the invention has a blown glass lamp envelope, of which a concave internally mirror-coated wall portion, a translucent wall portion and a tubular wall portion constitute a single blow moulding. Within the lamp envelope is arranged a metal reflector body, which has a concave spherically curved reflecting surface facing the mirror-coated wall portion. Its axis and its center of curvature coincide with the axis and the focus, respectively, of the mirror-coated wall portion. A light source surrounds the focus. The lamp does not or substantially does not, emit stray light and concentrates the generated light very effectively.

Abstract: A display incorporating light-emitting diodes, comprising a reflector which is formed in a holder. A light-emitting diode is mounted in the holder and projects into the reflector through an opening. The light-emitting diode is attached in the opening with the diode walls snugly abutting against the edges of the opening. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the display comprising light-emitting diodes and an installation to perform the method. Each diode is provided with two connections protected by the holder. The holder consists of surface-treated sheet metal, preferably anodized aluminum. The reflector is bowl-shaped and semispherical. Owing to the reflector a bundle of aligned beams of light is emitted from the light-emitting diode.

Abstract: A light emitting display device having a light emitting element mounted on a first reflector at the optical center of a reflective surface thereof and a second lead connected to the light emitting element with a metal wire, wherein in order to miniaturize the light emitting display device and to provide the light emitting display device with satisfactory characteristic as regards appearance when turned on, the first reflector, which is also used as a first lead to the device, has a cut-off portion. The second lead is disposed adjacent to the cut-off portion and the metal wire connecting the light emitting element to the second lead passes over the cut-off portion.

Abstract: Light output of compact fluorescent lamps is increased by providing metal base members within the lamp with a diffuse light reflecting coating such as, e.g., zirconium dioxide.

Abstract: An incandescent electric having a filament which incandesces and produces a vapor of the metal of the filament which normally deposits on the envelope wall. Structures are provided adjacent the filament on which vaporized filament material will deposit rather than deposit on the envelope wall where it would reduce the light output of the lamp.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp utilizing an infrared (IR) reflector for directing IR energy back to the filament to increase its operating efficiency in which a reflector is used to redirect circulating infrared energy back to the wall of the envelope where it then can be redirected back to the filament, or reflected directly back onto the filament.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp of a type in which infrared (IR) energy is to be reflected back to the filament. The lamp has one section which is coated with an IR reflecting material which also will transmit visible light and another section coated with material which has a high reflectivity to IR energy and a low transmissivity to visible light. The filament is mounted off-center of the optical image axis of the envelope and substantially all of the energy in the visible light range exits from the envelope in no more than two passes.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp having a transparent heat mirror placed on the lamp envelope which transmits a substantial portion of the energy in the visible range produced by the lamp filament and which reflects back to the filament at least about 80%-85% of the infrared energy that the filament produces. In the preferred embodiment the transparent heat mirror is formed by a layered coating of TiO.sub.2 /Ag/TiO.sub.2 optimized for the operating temperature range of the filament. The filament is constructed to optically conform to the shape of the lamp envelope.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to improve electroluminescent semiconductor display segments by decreasing the brightness of the "hot spot" located over the light emitting diode and increasing the brightness of the end portions of the segment. These improvements are accomplished by inserting a deflector into the translucent medium directly over the light emitting diode and deflecting, to the segment ends, a portion of the light that would have made up the bright "hot spot.

Abstract: An injection laser, whose sides are chemically etched to produce facing 45.degree. mirrors, can be made to emit lasing light in the same direction as current going through the p-n junction. A two dimensional array of lasers is produced wherein the location of each laser is uniformly spaced from an adjacent laser.