Abstract: A lamp assembly includes a reflector having a concave reflecting surface and an axis of rotation, and a light source including a filament mounted at or near a focal point of the reflecting surface. The filament has a length to diameter ratio of 6:1 or greater. The reflecting surface is formed as a multiplicity of reflecting facets. The facets on at least 50% of the reflecting surface have dimensions and curvatures selected to produce a light pattern wherein a ratio of filament width spread to filament length spread produced by the facets is at least 2:1. Preferably, the facets are arranged in axially adjacent rings. The facet rings can be successively offset in a rotational direction so as to reduce circumferential variations in the light pattern.

Abstract: A cadmium and selenium free lamp which emits a pink color when energized and when unlit contains a chrome tin pink sphene pigment.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp apparatus includes a reflecting mirror and a metal halide lamp has a reflecting/thermal insulating film and a frost portion which is partially formed on the lamp outer surface within a predetermined range continued from the reflecting/thermal insulating film. This causes a decrease in an overall illuminance decrease and the attainment of a desired illuminance ratio and prevents the occurrence of irregularity in illuminance and color. In addition, since electrodes are asymmetrically disposed, it is possible to decrease the rate of devitrification of the luminous tube and make an attempt to increase the life of the luminous tube.

Abstract: A cadmium free bug lamp which emits a yellow color when energized and which has very low emission in the range of from 310-380 nm employs a coating wherein the yellow emitting pigment is a rutile TiO.sub.2 containing minor amounts of antimony and chromium in the rutile crystal lattice.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for combining radiant energy of substantially distinct spectral bands to produce a light source having predetermined color temperature or chromaticity characteristics. The apparatus includes a generating source that generates emissions of radiant energy from at least two spatial emission regions. Each of the spatial emission regions emits radiant energy in a substantially distinct spectral band. The apparatus further includes an optical directing system that directs a substantial portion of the radiant energy emitted from the emission regions. The optical directing system includes a positioning region that contains a near focus and a combining region that contains a far focus.

Abstract: A thin film electroluminescent element includes a luminous layer for emitting light by applying a voltage to the luminous layer through an electrode, the electrode being made of a metal; and a material for scattering the light and disposed on an end face of the luminous layer. A large picture polychromatic display apparatus includes a thin film electroluminescent element; and a material for scattering light and disposed in a luminous portion for emitting the light on an end face of the electroluminescent element, the light-scattering material forming a picture element.

Abstract: An improved light emitting diode housing member comprises a transparent housing that can extend over the light emitting surface of the LED and can position a plurality of granular optical particles, such as calcium fluoride, over the source of light to provide a diffusion of the emitted light, thereby increasing its viewing angle.

Abstract: An illumination device comprising a reflecting plate, a single or a plural number of linear light source(s) arranged over said reflecting plate and a diffusing plate arranged over said light source(s), a light quantity adjusting means being arranged on the surface of the linear light source on between said light source(s) and said diffusing plate, and said illumination device being so adapted as to uniformalize luminance distribution on the diffusing plate by selecting shape and size of light-transmitting portions of the light quantity adjusting means.

Abstract: A strengthened high NdO.sub.3 -containing glass has the composition of, in weight percent______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 40-60 Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3 10-30 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 /Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-1 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 5.15 Na.sub.2 O 3-18 ZnO 0.1-10 Li.sub.2 O 0-3 K.sub.2 O 0-3 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-7 PbO 0-15 MgO 0-3 CaO 0-3 BaO 0-3 SrO 0-3 .SIGMA.V.sub.2 O.sub.5, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Mn.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-7 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, CoO, NiO, CuO TiO.sub.2 0-5 Pr.sub.6 O.sub.11 0-1.

Abstract: A TFEL device for producing a high brightness output comprises a substrate supporting a laminar thin film stack including a front electrode layer and a rear electrode layer sandwiching an electroluminescent laminate comprising an electroluminescent layer sandwiched by a pair of insulating layers. A thin film insulating layer is grown by evaporation on the glass substrate and produces a surface having a degree of roughness which is replicated by the remaining thin film layers. The surface contour at the interfaces between each of the thin film layers is convoluted which reduces internal light reflection and provides more light output at the front of the panel.

Abstract: A glass article useful, for example, as a cathode ray tube screen, has a viewing light path which passes through at least one surface region over which the glass is matted by surface pits whereby unwanted specular reflection from that matted region is reduced. The light path also passes through a surface layer formed over a region of the glass so as to reduce the total light reflection from that region of the glass.

Abstract: A strengthened high lanthanide-containing glass has the composition of, in mole percent______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 54-75 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 5-17 Li.sub.2 O 0-4 Na.sub.2 O 3-18 K.sub.2 O 0-4 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-7 PbO 0-4 MgO 0-3 CaO 0-3 SrO 0-3 BaO 0-3 ZnO 0.1-10 TiO.sub.2 0-5 Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 3-7 V.sub.2 O.sub.5 + Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Mn.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-5 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 + CoO + NiO + CuO As.sub.2 O.sub.3 /Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-0.4 ______________________________________wherein Ln is La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and/or Yb.

Abstract: A glass electric lamp bulb, and an electric lamp, such as, for example, a tungsten halogen lamp, which includes such a lamp bulb, is provided. The inner surface of the lamp bulb includes a light-diffusing coating containing silica particles and a soluble silicate binder such as potassium silicate.

Abstract: A pitted light diffusive coating having an excellent light diffusion effect and a method of forming the coating and a halogen lamp with the coating are disclosed. The light diffusive coating includes pits on the surface of a continuous coating consisting of a metal oxide formed on a base, and the coating is substantially free of bubbles. The pitted light diffusive coating is formed by coating a base with an organometallic compound and a high boiling-point organic solvent and baking the coating at about 400.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. The halogen lamp has a pitted light diffusive coating formed on an infrared reflective coating on the surface of the outer vessel. Strain, caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the structural material of the outer vessel and the structural material of the light diffusive layer occurring when the outer vessel is at a high temperature, is absorbed by the pitted structure, and peeling is prevented.

Abstract: A plug-in lamp assembly for use as a picture element in large-screen information display systems. The lamp assembly includes red, green and blue discharge lamps for selectively generating different colors. Each discharge lamp has electrical leads extending from a first end and a light output region at a second end. The lamp assembly further includes a base having spaced-apart, plug-in electrical connectors, a cap covering the second ends of the lamps and a sleeve around the discharge lamps and interconnecting the cap and the base. The base provides mechanical support for the discharge lamps and permits easy replacement of the lamp assembly. The sleeve blocks light emitted from the sides of the discharge lamps. The cap includes a diffuser and a filter for altering the output spectrum of one or more of the discharge lamps.

Abstract: A plug-in lamp assembly for use as a picture element in large-screen information display systems. The lamp assembly includes red, green and blue discharge lamps for selectively generating different colors. Each discharge lamp has electrical leads extending from a first end and a light output region at a second end. The lamp assembly further includes a base having spaced-apart, plug-in electrical connectors, a cap covering the second ends of the lamps and a sleeve around the discharge lamps and interconnecting the cap and the base. The base provides mechanical support for the discharge lamps and permits easy replacement of the lamp assembly. The sleeve blocks light emitted from the sides of the discharge lamps. The cap includes a diffuser and a filter for altering the output spectrum of one or more of the discharge lamps.

Abstract: It is disclosed a light emitting diode lamp composing a window through which light is released forwardly, a plurality of light emitting diodes located at a corner of the window or behind the frame of the window, and a light reflector having a plurality of light reflecting faces whereby light emitted from the light emitting diodes is reflected toward the window. The lamp is suited as an automobile lamp, especially as a tail lamp.

Abstract: A narrow spot reflector lamp having a halogen lamp light source. The reflector surface and lens are both stippled and the halogen lamp is shielded so that all of the transmitted light undergoes two diffusions to achieve the desired beam spread.

Abstract: Inner specular reflection is suppressed in a flat faceplate for use in a color cathode ray tube (CRT) by forming a flat glass faceplate to have an aft, or inner surface characterized by an undefined roughness. By allowing for an aft surface of undefined roughness, a subsequent lapping process is utilized to produce a predetermined roughness of the aft surface that will substantially eliminate specular reflection from that surface.

Abstract: A compact, wide angle light comprising a concave reflector, lens and light emitter. The lens is provided with a pluraltity of light spreaders while the reflector is comprised of a linear section, with side walls interconnected by a parabolic section, disposed between dish end sections.

Abstract: Light emitting diode (LED) display devices having several luminous segments are disposed inside a transparent front support plate and each of a plurality of light emission diodes is associated with one of the respective luminous segment via a light conducting segment. This display device requires little space, is easy and cost-effective to manufacture, and permits great design flexibility in order to make possible an expansion of its area of use. The invention provides to this end that the light conducting segment is formed in the region of the respective luminous segment as a quasi planar light guide structure for the distribution of the light emitted by the respective light emission diode in the region of the luminous segment. The light emitting diode display device in accordance with the invention is suitable as a LED display for numerals and/or symbols.

Abstract: Micro-irregularities on a surface that interacts with (transmits or reflects) illumination from a light source are effective to control glare perceived by a viewer in the light path projected from the source, while maintaining effective energy and directionality of the projected light. Preferably the micro-irregularities are created by liquid dispersion comprising organic polymeric particles and allowing the coating to dry.

Abstract: A compact, wide angle light comprising a concave reflector, lens and light emitter. The lens is provided with spacially displaced parallel light spreaders while the reflector is comprised of a linear section, with side walls interconnected by a parabolic section, disposed between parabolic dish end sections.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed to produce a blown glass envelope on a ribbon machine having a self supporting closed end, said article being of a unitary, integral construction with glass wall thickness substantially less than that found in conventional pressed glass envelope. Said ribbon formed glass envelope has a cylindrical neck portion terminating at one end in a bulb portion of larger cross sectional dimensions and which includes the self supporting base end. The sides of said glass envelope can be curved or flat and with said self supporting base also being of a curved or planar contour. A novel mold construction permitting said glass envelope to be blown on a ribbon machine comprises a pair of cooperative halves forming the sides of the blown glass envelope in a central cavity in which further includes a separate base part located at the lower end of the said cavity to shape the self supporting base, said base part of the mold being provided with reciprocal motion in a vertical direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a blown lamp bulb having a parabolically curved wall portion, a neck-shaped wall portion near the apex of the parabolically curved wall portion. The bulb has a an axis of symmetry and a largest diameter. A curved wall portion is opposite the parabolic wall portion and has a focus which is located near the neck-shaped wall portion. The curved wall portion has a spherically curved portion having a center of curvature on the largest diameter or above it and a flattened portion proximate the axis of symmetry. The lamp bulb renders it possible to manufacture, by the choice of the finish of the lamp bulb, a large number of lamp types.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp assembly simulating the appearance of a gaslight for installation in an existing incandescent light fixture. The assembly includes an arc discharge lamp having electrical contact means (e.g., a pair of contacts on the base of the lamp) located at one end thereof. A mantle supported by a wire frame substantially encloses the arc discharge lamp. In a preferred embodiment, the lamp includes at least two longitudinally extending leg members having a predetermined spacing therebetween and joined together by a transversely extending envelope portion. A diffusing means is disposed adjacent the leg members to provide an appearance of a substantially uniform light output from the entirety of the envelope during operation of the lamp.

Abstract: A variable color display device includes a plurality of variable color display areas arranged in a pattern and substantially surrounded by a variable color background area. The color of the background area is controlled to be substantially complementary to the color of the display areas to make the exhibited character clearly stand out against its background.

Abstract: A diffuser for an arc discharge lamp having a sealed envelope of light-transmitting vitreous material including at least two longitudinally extending leg members spaced a predetermined distance thereapart and joined together by a transversely extending envelope portion. The diffuser is formed for disposal adjacent the leg members in a predetermined alignment to provide an appearance of a substantially uniform light output from the entirety of the envelope during operation of the lamp. Preferably, the diffuser includes a longitudinally bifurcated member having two leg sections joined together by an intermediate section and can easily be attached to the arc discharge lamp and subsequently removed therefrom upon failure of the lamp.

Abstract: A viewing screen is described, in particular the screen of a display tube, which has excellent anti-reflective properties and a method of making this screen anti-reflective. In this method the outer surface of the screen is mechanically roughened in conformity with specific requirements and subsequently an anti-reflective coating of constant thickness is applied to the roughened surface.

Abstract: A light diffusive coating having an excellent light diffusion effect, a method of forming the coating and a halogen lamp with the coating. The light diffusive coating includes bubbles within a continuous coating consisting of a metal oxide formed on a base. The method of forming the light diffusive coating is made by the inclusion of bubbles formed by the evaporization of a high boiling-point organic solvent within the metal oxide coating formed by the application of a combination of an organo-metallic compound with a high boiling-point organic solvent to a base surface, and the subsequent decomposition of the organo-metallic compound on baking.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp, which emits infra-red radiation, comprises a tubular quartz envelope, within which a tungsten filament is supported. To reflect radiation, which is emitted in a downward direction from the filament, back in an upward direction to an item to be heated, a substantially pure aluminum oxide coating is bonded in a substantially permanent manner to the surface of the envelope. The coating extends subtantially along the length of the lamp and around approximately half of the cross-sectional circumference thereof. The coating is applied to the envelope by a spray gun technique, wherein finely divided aluminum powder is blown through an oxygenated flame, which is directed towards an area of the envelope to be coated.

Abstract: In a lamp having at least one seal of solid light-transmitting material, in which is embedded at least one current-supply foil, visible, I.R. and U.V. radiations which would otherwise be internally reflected from the seal surface are dispersed by providing on the seal either a non-uniform surface region or a light-dispersive coating, thus reducing the temperature of the outer ends of the foil and thereby reducing the risk of failure caused by oxidation. The seal may be formed with ribs or sand blasted or it may be provided with a coating of glass containing reflective particles or gas bubbles.

Abstract: Incandescent lamps having an outer envelope with their outer surface sandblasted except at the neck section and the inner surface electrostatically coated are disclosed. The combination of the sandblasting and electrostatic coating provides the incandescent lamp with a diffused light output. The absence of sandblasting at the neck section reduces the breakage of the outer envelope at the region of joinder of the outer envelope to the base of the incandescent lamp.

Abstract: The lamp envelope of the electric lamp is coated at the inner surface with an electrostatically applied light-scattering pigmented powder layer. The powder layer comprises at least a cadmium-containing pigment and further a cadmium-free pigment for example in approximately equal part by weight. Although cadmium-free pigments alone cannot give lamps the desired color properties, it has been found that they are capable of replacing cadmium-containing pigments in the powder layer up to a high percentage by weight.

Abstract: A color image display device comprises an optical sectioning plate interposed between adjacent light emitting parts of said cathode ray tubes, and a light diffusing plate opposite to the front face of the light emitting part of said each individual cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing the type lamp glass envelope used in a reflector lamp is disclosed which employs a ribbon machine. Said ribbon formed lamp glass envelope includes a cylindrical neck portion terminating at one end in a curved reflector portion closed by an integral flattened face portion of lesser curvature with light distributing elements being formed on the exterior surface of said face portion. In its preferred embodiments, the reflector portion of said lamp glass envelope is of the PAR type which can further include truncation of the parabolic shape with opposing substantially flattened parallel surfaces as well as face portions for said lamp glass envelope which can be circular or rectangular in shape.

Abstract: A diffuse incandescent runway marker light apparatus has a housing with a visible light diffusing plate mounted in one end and an infrared light diffusing plate mounted in the other end, and a pair of incandescent light sources mounted in the housing and aimed toward the respective housing end plates. A switch, when flipped to a first position, turns on one light source for producing visible illumination and turns off the other light source. The switch, when flipped to a second position, turns off the one light source and turns on the other light source for producing infrared illumination. In such manner, the appropriate type of illumination for marking the runway for overt or covert landing operation may be selected. When the switch is flipped to a third position, both light sources are turned off.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp comprises a source of near ultraviolet radiation together with an outer shell at least partially surrounding the ultraviolet source and comprising an ultraviolet transmissive material, the shell having embedded or dissolved therein a phosphor material having an indexed refraction approximately, but not quite equal, to the index of refraction of the shell.

Abstract: A silica powder mixture is disclosed for electrostatic deposition to provide diffuse light from electric lamps. The present powder mixture exhibits improved moisture resistance along with shelf life and comprises in weight proportions approximately 35-65 parts calcined diatomaceous silica, approximately 35-65 parts fumed silica, and approximately 5-15 parts colloidal hydrophobic silica.

Abstract: A silica powder mixture containing a glass frit having neodymium oxide dispersed therein is disclosed for electrostatic deposition to provide diffuse light from an incandescent lamp which improves the aesthetic appearance of objects illuminated by the lamp emission. Specifically, said coating selectively absorbs green and yellow color radiation being given off by the incandescent lamp filament rendering objects illuminated by the remaining light to appear more pink in color.

Abstract: Low-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp comprising a hollow inner member surrounded by an outer member, the wall of at least one of the members having grooves and the members of that portion, located between the grooves, extending to or to near the wall of the other member and a discharge space being formed wherein a discharge path, folded by means of the grooves, is present, the portions located between the grooves and facing the wall of the other member and extending to or to near the wall of the other member being provided with intervening portions extending in parallel with that wall.

Abstract: Selective light absorption coatings are provided for electric lamps which comprise a transparent vitreous frit containing neodymium oxide to selectively absorb radiation in the green and yellow wavelength region of the visible spectrum while transmitting the remaining visible radiation. A preferred vitreous frit is zinc borosilicate glass containing neodymium oxide which can be fired as an enamel coating on the exterior surface of the soda-lime glass envelope customarily employed for incandescent lamps. In a different preferred embodiment, the transparent vitreous frit containing neodymium oxide is admixed with an inorganic particulate filler and said mixture electrostatically deposited on the interior surface of the lamp glass envelope.

Abstract: The inner surface of an X-ray tube envelope is constructed to prevent the build-up of an electrically conductive layer of metal deposits on the tube envelope in the regions adjacent to and between the cathode focusing element and the anode. In the disclosed embodiment this area is textured so that metal deposits can only collect in certain places and not in others. The places of metal collection are spaced so that the development of a conductive metal layer is inhibited. By properly texturing the inner surface of the envelope, this spaced collection of metal is so effective that the spaced regions of metal build-up are electrically insulated from one another. A method is disclosed comprising first mechanically abrading the inner surface of the envelope to create small fracture regions. Thereafter, the abraded surface is acid-etched. The acid attacks the areas of the envelope which exhibits these fracture regions creating relatively deep and narrow "canyons" surrounding "islands".

Abstract: An article, illustratively a lamp bulb envelope, for creating a moire effect has a plurality of transparent and nontransparent regions on its surface. When viewed from a point external to the envelope, the individual nontransparent regions on the surface of the envelope which is nearest to the point appear as superimposed upon and intersecting with nontransparent regions on the surface furtherest from the point. The apparent intersections produce a moire effect which is enhanced by varying the line of sight to the bulb. The family of moire curves appear as transversely running curves which pass through the points of apparent intersection of individual nontransparent regions along the near and far faces. The nontransparent regions may be either light diffusive (translucent) or light nontransmissive (opaque) in nature and may be created by abrading the surface of the envelope or by application of opaque or diffusive coatings onto the surface of the envelope.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp utilizing an infrared (IR) reflector for directing IR energy back to the filament to increase its operating efficiency in which a reflector is used to redirect circulating infrared energy back to the wall of the envelope where it then can be redirected back to the filament, or reflected directly back onto the filament.

Abstract: To increase operating temperature, and hence vapor pressure, the arc tube ose to the arc, typically an inner arc tube, is at least partially frosted. The outer bulb which surrounds the inner arc tube may also be frosted. The lamps have low color temperature and good color rendering index at high luminous output. The fill preferably includes metal halides of rare earth metals, and/or mercury. The outer bulb is preferably in the form of a reflector bulb.

Abstract: A high pressure electric arc tube discharge lamp utilizing low power input. he electrode spacing is less than 20 mm and the arc is electrode-stabilized. The arc tube is of isothermal design. The gas fill of the lamp contains a mixture of metal (i) iodides or (ii) iodides and bromides. The metal halides must include at least the halides of sodium and tin. Mercury is preferred as the buffer gas. When operating, the lamp has a low-color temperature, a luminous efficacy of 80 lms/W and a color-rendering index of about 75. It is suitable for use in interior lighting.

Abstract: A high voltage movie light including a plastic holder, a pair of spaced-apart incandescent lamp units positioned within the holder, and means for electrically connecting the lamp units to an external power source. Each lamp unit comprises a formed glass reflector and a tungsten-halogen lamp located within the reflector and having a planar, dual filament structure therein. The lamp units are positioned within the holder such that the planes occupied by the respective dual filament structures intersect at a predetermined angle, e.g. 90 to 110 degrees, in order that the light output from each unit will be centered on a respective diagonal of the rectangular subject field being illuminated by the movie light. Each unit produces a bimodal intensity distribution, thus further assuring increased illumination levels on the subject field. An incandescent lamp unit suitable for use in the movie light is also disclosed.

Abstract: A movie light including a plastic holder, a pair of spaced-apart incandescent lamp units positioned within the holder, and means for electrically connecting the lamp units to an external power source. Each lamp unit comprises a formed glass reflector which has an internal reflective surface containing three separate diffusing regions, the most diffusing of which is oriented nearest and about the reflector's optical axis. Each unit also includes a low voltage tungsten-halogen lamp located within the reflector and having a planar single filament therein. An incandescent lamp unit suitable for use in the movie light and a reflector for use therewith are also disclosed.

Abstract: A blown glass reflector lamp having an ellipsoidal reflector and a clear or lightly frosted face is disclosed.