Abstract: A pressure sensor is disclosed. The pressure sensor includes a common electrode, a plurality of individual electrodes, a plurality of thin-film transistors and a common pressure-sensitive layer. The common electrode is formed as a layer. The plurality of individual electrodes are arranged in a matrix opposing the common electrode. The plurality of thin-film transistors are respectively located corresponding to the individual electrodes on sides of the individual electrodes opposite to the common electrode, where one or two or more adjacent thin-film transistors are connected to one individual electrode. The common pressure-sensitive layer is disposed on a surface of the common electrode on a side facing the plurality of individual electrodes. The plurality of individual electrodes include a first electrode, and a second electrode that is thicker than the first electrode and therefore creates a smaller gap from the common pressure-sensitive layer than the first electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a configuration hardly generating variations in the current value due to a deteriorated EL element is to be provided. A capacitance element is disposed between the gate and the source of a driving TFT, video signals are inputted to the gate electrode, and then it is in the floating state. Suppose an EL element is deteriorated and the anode potential rises, that is, the source potential of the driving TFT rises, the potential of the gate electrode of the driving TFT, being in the floating state by coupling of the capacitance element, is to rise by the same amount. Accordingly, even when the anode potential rises due to the deteriorated EL element, the rise is added to the gate electrode potential as it is, and the gate-source voltage of the driving TFT is allowed to be constant.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube device in accordance with the invention includes a free-standing membrane that is peripherally supported by a support structure. The membrane includes an aperture that extends through a thickness of the membrane. At least one carbon nanotube extends across the aperture on a front surface of the membrane. The carbon nanotube is also accessible from a back surface of the membrane.

Abstract: A spacer, disposed between first and second substrates of an electron emission display, includes a main body, a resistive layer arranged on a side surface of the main body, a secondary electron emission preventing layer arranged on the resistive layer, and a diffusion preventing layer arranged between the resistive layer and the secondary electron emission layer. The diffusion preventing layer prevents interdiffusion between the resistive layer and the secondary electron emission preventing layer.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube device in accordance with the invention includes a support structure including an aperture extending from a front surface to a back surface of the structure. At least one carbon nanotube extends across the aperture and is accessible through the aperture from both the front surface and the back surface of the support structure.

Abstract: An image displaying apparatus which can easily fix an electrode plate to a predetermined position is provided. An electric potential of the electrode plate, a distance between the electrode plate and a first substrate, and a distance between the electrode plate and a second substrate are set so that a Coulomb attracting force acts in the direction in which the electrode plate is come into contact with a shoulder portion of a spacer.

Abstract: To provide a resin composition for spacer useful for the formation of a pixel-patterned spacer on a substrate in a liquid crystal display device, a spacer using the composition, and a liquid crystal display device that can display high-quality images, a resin composition for spacer contains at least one resin selected from (1) an allyl-containing resin, (2) an allyl-and-hydroxyl-containing resin, and (3) a resin mixture of an allyl-containing resin and a hydroxyl-containing resin.

Abstract: The disclosed method for forming a field emission display includes forming a cathode and an anode, forming a plurality of photoresist posts over the cathode, and coating the posts with a layer of coating material. The layer of coating material forms sidewalls around the posts. The photoresist posts may then be removed from within the sidewalls. The anode may then be fitted onto the sidewalls so that the sidewalls function as spacers in the field emission display.

Abstract: The disclosed method for forming a field emission display includes forming a cathode and an anode, forming a plurality of photoresist posts over the cathode, and coating the posts with a coating material. The coating material forms sidewalls around the posts. The photoresist posts may then be removed from within the sidewalls. The anode may then be fitted onto the sidewalls so that the sidewalls function as spacers in the field emission display.

Abstract: A spacer on which static electricity is restricted and an electron beam apparatus in which the spacer is provided. In the electron beam apparatus comprising an electron source provided with electron emission devices, a face plate provided with anodes and spacers installed between the electron source and the face plate, unevenness is formed on the surface of the spacer substrate, and further a thin film which has a smaller thickness than a roughness. This makes possible the restriction of incident angle multiplication coefficient for the primary electrons whose energy is lower than the second cross-point energy of a resistive film. The electron beam apparatus provided with the above spacer is excellent in display definition and long-term reliability since the displacement of light emission points and the creeping discharge accompanying the static electricity can be restricted due to the spacer.

Abstract: A spacer structure for a display is disclosed that has a CTE which matches or very closely approximates the CTE of a high quality, desirable glass from which other display structures such as faceplates can be fabricated. The spacer structure is composed of a material that has a CTE that is tailorable within a range that closely matches the CTE range spanned by a variety of readily available high quality, desirable glass from which other display structures such as faceplates can be fabricated. The spacer structure disclosed has a CTE that achieves the foregoing qualities and retains all other properties characterizing requirements for use in displays. Further, the spacer structure disclosed has a CTE that enables great flexibility in the selection of other display components, without having to revamp existing fabrication techniques. Further still, a spacer structure is disclosed that minimizes zero current shift.

Abstract: A field electron emission material is formed by coating a substrate (221, 230) having an electrically conductive surface with a plurality of electrically conductive particles (223, 231). Each particle has a layer of electrically insulating material (222, 232) disposed either in a first location between the conductive surface of the substrate (221) and the particle (223), or in a second location between the particle (231) and the environment (237) in which the field electron emission material is disposed, but not in both of such first and second locations, so that at least some of the particles (223, 231) form electron emission sites at such first or second locations. A number of field emission devices are disclosed, utilizing such electron emission material.

Abstract: The invention relates to linear beam amplification devices having an electron emitting cathode and an RF modulated grid closely spaced therefrom, and more particularly, to a novel support structure for the grid that accommodates thermal expansion while maintaining an optimum grid-to-cathode spacing.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device includes an anode plate and a semiconductor device arranged thereon, wherein the anode plate forms a portion of an envelope of the display device and has an anode on an inner surface thereof. The display device further includes a supporting structure and a tensioning member. The supporting structure is disposed on the anode plate and has a top plate portion overlapping the semiconductor device. The tensioning member is disposed on the top plate portion of the supporting structure and serves to arrange a plurality of filament-shaped cathodes at a pitch between the semiconductor device and the top plate portion.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent discharge lamp is disclosed, which includes a first glass substrate having a plurality of electrodes to apply a voltage, a second glass substrate deposited with a first phosphor film on a surface opposite to the first glass substrate, a hollow spacer formed between the first and second glass substrates, having a window on at least one side, and a second phosphor film deposited on inner and outer sides of the spacer.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes a cathode assembly, a control electrode, and a screen electrode adjacent to the cathode assembly, combined, and spaced apart from each other by a gap maintainer, focusing electrodes sequentially arranged adjacent to the screen electrode, forming an auxiliary lens and a main lens, and bead glass in which portions of the cathode assembly and respective electrodes are embedded and supported.

Abstract: To prevent lowering of the brightness of a displayed image, realize satisfactory strength against high pressure and reliably form spacers, an image display apparatus incorporates an anode substrate having a structure in which at least an image display portion is formed on a first substrate; a cathode substrate in which at least an electron emission units are formed on a second substrate and which is disposed opposite to the anode substrate; and spacers each of which formed into a substantially rectangular shape and which are stood erect between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate, wherein the two long sides of the spacer are secured to at least either of the anode substrate or the cathode substrate, and tensions are added to the spacers in the lengthwise direction of the spacers.

Abstract: To provide a light emitting device having a highly definite pixel portion. An anode (102) and a bank (104) orthogonal to the anode (102) are formed on an insulator (101). A portion of the bank (104) (controlling bank 104b) is made of a metal film. By applying a voltage thereto, an electric field is formed, and a track of an EL material that is charged with an electric charge can be controlled. Thus, it becomes possible to control a film deposition position of an EL layer with precision by utilizing the above method.

Abstract: In the present invention, it is possible to implement a small size and light PDP apparatus by integrally forming a panel unit and a driving circuit unit on a single substrate. A panel unit(discharge cells) of the PDP is formed on one surface of a flat metallic substrate, and a driving circuit unit is formed on the other surface of the same. Namely, in the PDP apparatus having a panel unit formed of a plurality of discharge cells, and a driving circuit unit for supplying a power and signal to the panel unit, the PDP apparatus includes a metallic lower substrate, a first insulation layer formed on an upper surface of one side of the metallic lower substrate, an upper substrate formed opposite to the one side of the metallic lower substrate, a plurality of barriers formed between the metallic lower substrate and the upper substrate for defining a plurality of discharge spaces, and a second insulation layer formed on another surface of the metallic lower substrate and including the driving circuit unit thereon.

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp has a tubular envelope containing tubular electrodes at opposite ends. An annular support member of a compressible ceramic fiber is supported in a groove around each electrode and is compressed against the inside surface of the envelope. Movement of the electrodes relative to the envelope is damped by the support member.

Abstract: In the present invention, a partition wall having a matrix shape is formed on anode electrodes so as to divide them further into dots of a small region, which are surrounded by the partition wall. With this structure, if a dark spot which is a non-light emitting region, is created in one dot, the growth of the spot can be stopped by the partition wall. Therefore, good display property can be maintained for a long time.

Abstract: A grid support structure is provided for a linear beam device having an axially centered cathode, an anode spaced therefrom and a grid disposed between the cathode and anode. The grid support structure maintains a proper grid-to-cathode spacing across an operating temperature range of the linear beam device. The grid is comprised of pyrolytic graphite, and includes a central active portion and a peripheral portion, with the peripheral portion comprising a plurality of evenly spaced elongated mounting holes. The grid support structure includes an inner grid support and an outer grid support. The inner grid support may include a plurality of axially extending posts that engage the mounting holes of the grid. The grid may further include resilient tabs that engage corresponding ramped surfaces to bias the grid into position.

Abstract: A display spacer structure includes a frame with side members joined together to define a central opening. The side members have recessed portions positioned outside of, and in communication with, the central opening with getter material therein. Spaced apart grooves are formed in each of an opposed pair of the side members, and the ends of a plurality of spacers are fixed in the grooves. The spacers extend across the central opening to define a plurality of separate compartments which are in communication with the recessed portions so as to provide a continuous fluid phase throughout all the separate compartments.

Abstract: A plasma display panel comprising mutually opposing substrates and barrier ribs formed between adjacent pixels of a display between the substrates, wherein the barrier ribs are made of a fired product of a glass ceramic composition consisting essentially of a glass powder of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 type glass and a low expansion ceramic powder.

Abstract: An electron gun arrangement includes an electron gun having a longitudinal axis and including first and second electrodes longitudinally spaced apart for generating an electron beam in a longitudinal direction. A first support member supports the first electrode and includes a first slot arrangement presenting a first pair of surfaces longitudinally spaced apart. A second support member is longitudinally spaced apart from the first support member for supporting the second electrode and includes a second slot arrangement presenting a second pair of surfaces longitudinally spaced apart. The surface of the first pair of surfaces that is closer to the second support member constitutes a first clamping surface and the surface of the second pair of surfaces that is closer to the first support member constitutes a second clamping surface.

Abstract: In a cathodoluminescent display device, spacer elements are used to provide rigid mechanical support between the face and back plates when the chamber of the device is evacuated so that thin face and back plates may be used even for large-screen displays. The spacer support includes a spacer plate having holes therein for passage of electrons between the anode and cathode where a predetermined small number of one or more pixel dots corresponds to and spatially overlaps one hole, thereby reducing crosstalk. Shadow-reducing electrodes are employed on the back plate and spacer members alongside the cathode to cause the path of electrons from the cathode to the anode to spread out in order to reduce shadows caused by the presence of the spacer members. Various configurations of the two or three sets of grid electrodes may be employed to improve resolution and focusing.

Abstract: A spacer 40 for use in a field emission device includes a comb-like structure having a plurality of elongated filaments 42 joined to a support member 44. The filaments 42, which may be glass, are positioned longitudinally in a single layer between the facing surfaces of the anode structure 10 and the electron emitting: structure 12. Support member 44 is positioned entirely outside the active regions of anode structure 10 and emitting structure 12. Spacer 40 provides voltage isolation between the anode structure 10 and the cathode structure 12, and also provides standoff of the mechanical forces of vacuum within the assembly. In a second embodiment, spacer 50 includes elongated filaments 52 joined at each end to a support member 54 a and 54b, the additional support facilitating handling, fabrication and assembly.

Abstract: An electrode structure including a plurality of beam control electrodes, a plurality of electrically insulating spacers disposed between each pair of neighboring members of the beam control electrodes, an electrode substrate, a plurality of metallic pins planted on the beam control electrode so as to extend therefrom through the electrode substrate, and a fixing member mounted on each of the metallic pins from behind the electrode substrate for retaining the beam control electrodes.

Abstract: There is disclosed a display apparatus including a rear electrode unit, electron beam generating sources, a front electrode unit including a plurality of electron beam control electrodes laminated together with insulating spacers therebetween, and a face plate formed with a fluorescent screen. The front electrode is coupled together by first metallic coupling pins fixed on the electron beam control electrode arranged to confront the fluorescent screen. The rear electrode unit is coupled with the electrode unit by second metallic coupling pins fixed to one of the electron beam control electrodes other than the electron beam control electrode confronting the fluorescent screen.

Abstract: To increase the frequency without restricting the power and vice versa, of vacuum tubes such as triodes and tetrodes for high-frequency amplification, especially for radio and television broadcasting designers are often limited by the relatively high output capacitance between the anode and the grid of the tube. To reduce this capacitance, especially when the tube is in a circuit for extracting energy from coupled cavities, the cavity coupling is integrated into the tube itself.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a high-voltage lead-through arrangement for introducing a high voltage into an enclosure wherein a vacuum is maintained such as for particle-beam apparatus. The arrangement includes: a high-voltage electrode for carrying a high potential; an insulator enclosing the high-voltage electrode and having a surface defining a boundary with the vacuum; and, an outer low-voltage electrode surrounding the insulator for carrying a low potential. The electrodes are spaced from each other by an electrode spacing measured along the surface of the insulator. The high-voltage electrode and the insulator conjointly define a first region wherein the high potential is present to a good approximation; and the first region is bounded by the insulator surface for a first distance of up to approximately 1/10 of the electrode spacing.

Abstract: A cathode structure of a magnetron which is used for microwave ovens, industrial microwave heating, and medical purposes is disclosed. One of two leads of the cathode structure of the magnetron, that is, one of a center lead and a side lead is tightly fitted into the spacer, and a metal fixing material is poured into the fitting portion and is fixed thereto. A hole of the spacer for inserting the other of the two leads has looseness with respect to the other of the two leads. The friction between the other of the two leads and the spacer is reduced, and even when the leads are made thin, the strength of the cathode structure is not reduced, and the production of extraneous sounds can be suppressed.

Abstract: An electron gun for a vacuum tube employs a mounting element having an inner annular section with a defined thickness made to predetermined dimensional tolerances. The cathode subassembly is positioned on one surface of the annular section and a grid electrode is located on the opposing surface. When the mounting element is set within the vacuum tube facing the anode electrode, the location of the cathode subassembly and grid electrode in the mounting element establishes a precise cathode-to-anode spacing and the electrodes are properly aligned and concentric to a central axis along which the electron beam travels.

Abstract: In a magnetron cathode assembly having a filament for emitting thermoelectrons, upper and lower end shields fixed at upper and lower ends of the filament, a center lead fixed at and connected to the upper end shield, a side lead fixed at and connected to the lower end shield, and an insulating spacer having through holes with which the center and side leads are respectively engaged, the insulating spacer comprises a groove which has a width substantially the same as a diameter of one of the through holes and which clamps a bent portion of at least one of the center and side leads.

Abstract: The invention provides a modular-building block method and system of fabrication, installation, alignment and operation of a multi-beam assembly of miniaturized, all-electrostatic charged particle optical columns, such electron beam or ion beam optical columns mounted in parallel in a closely packed cluster over a small target surface area for parallel simultaneous charged particle beam writing on the target surface with the multiple-channel cluster of charged particle beam optical columns. The assembly provides a system and method of increased thru-put in the direct charged particle beam writing on semiconductor target wafers during fabrication of semiconductor micro-circuit chips.

Abstract: A reduced capacitance electrode assembly for use in an alternating current plasma system provides reduced input capacitance to an associated tuning network. The assembly includes an electrode adapted to receive alternating current power for maintaining a plasma region and a plurality of electrically conductive plates. The plates are closely spaced apart by less than a predetermined distance on one side of the electrode for precluding the formation of a plasma region on the one side of the electrode and for providing a plurality of series capacitances to present a substantially reduced capacitance to the alternating current power.The reduced capacitance electrode assembly is particularly useful in a system for making photovoltaic devices wherein a plurality of amorphous semiconductor materials is deposited onto a continuous conductive substrate moving through a corresponding plurality of deposition chambers.

Abstract: The electron gun comprises an electron lens assembly including a pair of terminal electrodes fixedly mounted along a pair of glass support rods. Disposed between the terminal electrodes is a resistive lens stack of alternate apertured electrode plates and resistive spacer blocks. The electrode plates and resistive spacer blocks are urged into good electrical contact with each other and with the terminal electrodes by a plurality of leaf springs. The electrode plates are preferably lightly contacted by the glass support rods to prevent lateral movement of the plates without preventing their spring-urged contact with the resistive blocks.

Abstract: In a fluorescent indicator tube wherein a cathode filament is provided in an envelope at a prescribed space from anode segments arranged on a substrate, one end of said cathode filament is fixed to a plate-shaped cathode filament-fixing rigid terminal fitted to one end of the substrate, and the other end of said cathode filament is attached to a plate-shaped cathode filament-fixing resilient terminal secured to the other end of the substrate. The plate-shaped filament-fixing resilient terminal comprises a plate member capable of being resiliently deformed in the direction in which the cathode filament is stretched and a frame securely supporting said plate member and fitting the whole of the resilient filament-fixing terminal to the substrate. The forward section of the deformable plate member is made broader than the rear section.

Abstract: An electron gun system constructed of three electron guns for a color television display tube comprises at least one electrode in each gun located alongside, and electrically connected to, the corresponding electrodes in the other guns. The electrodes are positioned with respect to each other by means of metal braces which are secured thereto and the free ends of which are secured in pairs in insulating supporting members. The electrical interconnection of at least one group of such electrodes is achieved by means of at least two contact springs which are each inserted between one pair of braces secured to adjacent electrodes in the group and to a common insulating member. The springs are inserted after assembly of the guns and are held in place by physical interference with the braces they engage.

Abstract: An improved electrostatic electron lens for photoelectron emission microscopes is disclosed, having a planar upper surface on its beam entrance electrode highly polished to a mirror finish for light reflection. The lens is positioned between a light source and a specimen holder such that light may be reflected off the planar upper surface of the entrance electrode onto the specimen for causing photoemission of electrons from such specimen. The lens is constructed to enable expansion of the lens electrodes during heating, such as "bake-out" to remove adsorbed gases, without breaking the insulators between such electrodes. An intermediate electrode is disposed in a spaced, insulated relationship between the beam entrance electrode and an exit electrode by two insulator members.

Abstract: Cut-off chamber of a lightning protector, characterized in that on the one hand, it comprises a wall made of a porous ceramic substance, ensuring the discharge and the cooling of the gases at the periphery of the chamber, at the time of the ignition of an arc between two elctrodes combined in that chamber and that on the other hand, a means for reinforcing the dielectric strength of the wall is arranged perpendicular to the zones subjected to the highest potential gradients.

Abstract: A magnetically focused coaxial triode structure includes a central longitudinal cathode, an intermediate control electrode around the cathode, and an outer tubular anode. The control electrode supports the inner cathode and is mounted on insulating spacers at the ends. Axial transverse slots along the control electrode provide openings for the electron beam. The anode has flat longitudinal water cooling channels connected by annular recesses at the ends.