Abstract: An object of the invention is to prove a method of producing an electron-emitting device, in which metal content in an electron emission film can be relatively easily controlled and adhesiveness between electrodes and the like in contact with the electron emission film and the electron emission film is good. The method is a method of producing an electron-emitting device including a cathode electrode and a metal-containing electron emission film located above the cathode electrode. The method includes a first step (A) of preparing an electroconductive first layer for the cathode, a second layer for the electron emission film located above the first layer, and a third layer for a metal-containing electron beam focusing electrode in contact with the second layer and a second step (B) of diffusing the metal from the third layer into the second layer.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and spaced apart therefrom, and support frames mounted along the edges of the first and the second substrates. At least two support frames are separately formed on at least one side of the first and the second substrates. Adhesive layers are placed on a surface of the support frame facing the first substrate as well as on the opposite-surface of the support frame facing the second substrate to attach the two substrates and the support frames to each other. A filler is disposed between the neighboring support frames to prevent the vacuum leakage.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a triode type cathode structure including depositing and etching: a cathode layer as cathode conductors; a grid layer as grid conductors; an electrical insulation layer and the grid conductors until reaching a resistive layer to provide cavities; and the cathode conductors to have a perforated structure at the intersection of the cathode conductors and grid conductors.

Abstract: A method for providing a flat panel display includes the steps of: providing an anode assembly containing a plurality of pixels; applying a photoresist to a surface of the anode assembly; applying a mask that defines a control frame top surface; exposing the mask to UV radiation and causing the photoresist to cross link at the exposed areas of the photoresist such that the exposed photoresist is inert and does not outgas in a vacuum; removing the unexposed areas of the photoresist to define a pedestal; forming a planarizing layer over the exposed photoresist pedestal; applying a metal layer over the planarizing layer; applying a second photoresist over the metal layer; exposing portions of the second photoresist and removing excess of the metal layer and the planarizing layer to form the metal layer only on top of the exposed photoresist pedestal; and applying nanotube emitters on the metal layer.

Abstract: Means for achieving the purpose of the present invention includes an field emission type cathode composed of a single fibrous carbon substance and a conductive substrate supporting the same; an extraction apparatus for causing field emission of electrons; and an accelerator for accelerating electrons, wherein the aforementioned field emission type electron gun is further contains means for heating the aforementioned field emission cathode, and means for applying the voltage of the polarity that does not allow the aforementioned field emission type cathode to field-emit electrons. Thereby, the amorphous carbon is removed from the tip end of the fibrous carbon substance of the field emission type electron gun, without the tip end thereof being damaged.

Abstract: An electron emission display includes first and second substrates opposing each other, an electron emission unit that is provided on an inner surface of the first substrate, a light emission unit that is provided on an inner surface of the second substrate, and a spacer that is located between the first and second substrate. The spacer includes a main body containing a material whose temperature-coefficient-of-resistance is less than or equal to 3%/° C.

Abstract: An electron emission display device is constructed with first and second substrates facing each other, cathode electrodes formed on the first substrate, electron emission regions electrically connected to the cathode electrodes, and red, green and blue phosphor layers formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate. Each cathode electrode is constructed with a first electrode having opened portions arranged at the corresponding unit pixels defined on the first substrate with the same size, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode within the opened portion, and a resistance layer disposed between the first and the second electrodes to electrically interconnect the first and the second electrodes. The distance between the first and the second electrodes corresponding to the red, green and blue phosphor layers is established to be proportional to the light emission efficiency of the corresponding red, green and blue phosphor layers.

Abstract: An electron emission device that can uniformly emit electrons and has low manufacturing costs, a display apparatus having improved pixel uniformity by using the electron emission device, and a method of manufacturing the electron emission device, wherein the electron emission device includes a first substrate, a cathode and an electron emission source disposed on the first substrate, a gate electrode electrically insulated from the cathode, an insulating layer interposed between the cathode and the gate electrode to insulate the cathode from the gate electrode, and a resistance layer that contacts the cathode and includes semiconductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

Abstract: This invention relates to a triode type cathode structure comprising, in superposition, an electrode forming a cathode (13) and supporting means made of an electron emitting material in the form of a layer (14), an electrical insulation layer (11) and a grid electrode (15), an opening (12) formed in the grid electrode and in the electrical insulation layer exposing the means made of an electron emitting material. The means made of an electron emitting material (14) are located in the central part of the opening of the grid electrode (15), this opening being in the form of a slit and the means made of an electron emitting material exposed by the slit being composed of elements aligned along the longitudinal axis of the slit.

Abstract: A field emission device and its method of manufacture includes: a substrate; a plurality of cathode electrodes formed on the substrate and having slot shaped cathode holes to expose the substrate; emitters formed on the substrate exposed through each of the cathode holes and separated from both side surfaces of the cathode holes, the emitters being formed along a lengthwise direction of the cathode holes; an insulating layer formed on the substrate to cover the cathode electrodes and having insulating layer holes communicating with the cathode holes; and a plurality of gate electrodes formed on the insulating layer and having gate holes communicating with the insulating layer holes.

Abstract: An electron emission display device includes first and second substrates facing each other with a non-active area and an active area having a plurality of pixel, a first pixel portion, e.g., an electron emission unit, formed on the first substrate, a second pixel portion, e.g., a light emission unit, formed on the second substrate, and one or more alignment marks formed in the non-active area of at least one of the first and the second substrates and having a pattern substantially similar to that of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: An image display device in which each pixel has a thin-film electron source composed of a lower electrode (which is a signal wire), an electron accelerating layer (which is formed by anodizing the surface of said signal wire), and an upper electrode (which covers said electron accelerating layer and releases electrons), in which the anodized film constituting said electron accelerating layer contains hydrated alumina component and anhydrous alumina component such that their ratio in the side close to the upper electrode is greater than that in the side close to the lower electrode. This structure prevents said thin-film electron source from being deteriorated in diode characteristics by said electron accelerating layer, thereby enhancing the reliability of said image display device.

Abstract: A surface light source device comprises a lower substrate, a cathode electrode formed on the lower substrate, an electron emitter connected electrically to the cathode electrode, an upper substrate comprising a plurality of space parts and a plurality of space partitioning parts, wherein the plurality of space parts and the lower substrate form an emitting space over the electron emitter and the plurality of space partitioning parts divide adjacent space parts, and a fluorescent layer and an anode electrode formed on the upper substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a composition for preparing an electron emission source, including a nano-sized inorganic material and a vehicle, a method for preparing an electron emission source using the composition, an electron emission source including a nano-sized inorganic material and a small amount of a residual carbon, and further, an electron emission device including the electron emission source.

Abstract: A field emission device (5) includes cathode electrodes (51), emitters (52) formed on the cathode electrodes, grid electrodes (54) formed over the cathode electrodes at a distance apart from the emitters, and isolated films (55) formed on surfaces of the grid electrodes neighboring the emitters. Preferably, the isolated film has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 1 microns. The isolated film may be a film made of one or more insulating materials, such as SiO2 and Si3N4. Alternatively, the one or more insulating materials can be selected from a material having a high secondary electron emission coefficient, such as MgO, Al2O3 and ZnO. Additionally, the isolated film can be further formed on a second surface of the grid electrode distal from the emitter.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device using a carbon fiber as an electronic member. A carbon fiber through which a cathode electrode and a control electrode are short-circuited is removed to obtain an electron-emitting device having a uniform electron emission characteristic. A first electrode including a plurality of fibers each containing carbon and a second electrode are prepared. Then, a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode with a state where a potential of the first electrode becomes higher than a potential of the second electrode to remove a carbon fiber through which the first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited.

Abstract: A field emission element includes at least one supporting wire and at least one carbon nanotube wire. The supporting wire and the carbon nanotube wire are twisted together. A method for manufacturing the described field emission element is also provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing at least one carbon nanotube wire and at least one supporting wire; (b) twisting the carbon nanotube wire and the supporting wire together to form a multi-strand structure by a spinning process; and (c) cutting the multi-strand structure according to a predetermined length to form a field emission element.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises: (A) a first electrode; (B) an electron-emitting film which is provided on the first electrode; and (C) a second electrode which is provided above the electron-emitting film across a distance H from the electron-emitting film, and includes an opening which exposes at least a part of the electron-emitting film, wherein an area of the second electrode is at least four times larger than an area of the opening, and a ratio H/W of the distance H to a width W of the opening is not less than 0.07 but not more than 0.6.

Abstract: There is provided an electron-emitting device of a field emission type, with which the spot size of an electron beam is small, an electron emission area is large, highly efficient electron emission is possible with a low voltage, and the manufacturing process is easy. The electron-emitting device includes a layer 2 which is electrically connected to a cathode electrode 5, and a plurality of particles 3 which contains a material having a resistivity lower than that of a material constituting the layer 2, and is wherein a density of particles 3 in the layer 2 is 1×1014/cm3 or more and 5×1018/cm3 or less.

Abstract: A light emission device includes: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite each other with a vacuum region therebetween; an electron emission region located at a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate; a driving electrode located on the first substrate and for controlling an emitting current amount (e.g., magnitude) of the electron emission region; an anode located at a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate; a phosphor layer on one surface of the anode and corresponding to pixel areas; and a spray coated Ag reflective layer covering the phosphor layer and having reflectivity between about 90% and about 99.9%.

Abstract: A field emission luminescent lamp includes a bulb (40) being vacuum sealed and defining an inner surface; a lamp head mated with the bulb; an electron emitting cathode filament (20) having a conductive wire (10) and a plurality of electron emitters (12) formed thereon, the electron emitting cathode filament is positioned in the bulb; an anode layer (44) formed on the inner surface of the bulb; a phosphor layer (42) formed on the anode layer; an anode electrode (56) located at the lamp head and electrically connected with the anode layer; and a cathode electrode (54) located at the lamp head and electrically connected with the electron emitting cathode filament. The lamp may further include a gate grid (62) and a gate electrode (54). The gate grid defines a number of grid holes and surrounds the cathode filament. The gate grid is electrically connected with the gate electrode.

Abstract: A flat panel display including: a film electron emitting cathode; and, an anode including: a plurality of pixels, a plurality of TFT circuits, each being associated with a corresponding one of the circuits; and a conductive frame laterally separating the pixels and substantially isolating their respective electric fields.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device having the light emission device are provided. The light emission device includes first and second substrates that are arranged to face each other, an electron emission unit that is located on a first surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate and has electron emission regions and driving electrodes, a light emission unit that is located on a surface of the second substrate and has an anode electrode and one or more phosphor layers, and a surface heat generation unit that is located on a second surface (or outer surface) of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate to control a temperature of the first substrate using a resistive layer having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) property.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes an envelope, first to third electroconductive members disposed in the envelope, a plate-like spacer disposed between the first and third members and between the second and third members, and a circuit for supplying a potential to the first member and supplying a potential lower than that of the first member to the second and third members. When a sheet resistance between a first region of the spacer to which the potential is supplied from the first member and a second region of the spacer to which the potential is supplied from the second member is defined as ?f [?/?] and a sheet resistance between a third region of the spacer to which the potential is supplied from the third member and a region located between the first and second regions is defined as ?r [?/?], a condition 1/100<?r/?f?40 is satisfied.

Abstract: An electron emission element according to the present invention is compact, thin and low cost, and has a structure and constitution in which deterioration of the electron emission material itself is low. In the electron emission element, boron nitride material is used as the electron emission material, and a metal material or a semiconductor material is used as a substrate for forming the boron nitride material. In this way it is possible to obtain good quality boron nitride material on the substrate. Also, a voltage can be applied to the material to emit electrons, also electrons can be supplied. Moreover, by using Sp3-bonded boron nitride as the boron nitride material, and using Sp3-bonded 5H—BN material or Sp3-bonded 6H—BN material as the Sp3-bonded boron nitride, a field electron emission element can be achieved for which high efficiency electron emission characteristics unprecedented in conventional art can be obtained.

Abstract: An electron emission display includes first and second substrates facing each other, a plurality of election emission regions provided on the first substrate, a black layer formed on a first surface of the second substrate between the phosphor layers, and an anode electrode coupled to the phosphor and black layers. The anode electrode has a light transmissivity ranging from about 3% to about 15%. A method of forming the anode electrode includes forming an interlayer on the phosphor and black layer, depositing a conductive material on the second substrate, and removing the interlayer through a firing process.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, a plurality of cathode electrodes formed on the substrate, a plurality of electron emission regions electrically coupled to the cathode electrodes, an insulating layer formed on the substrate while covering the cathode electrodes, and a plurality of gate electrodes formed on the insulating layer and crossing the cathode electrodes. The insulating layer is provided with a plurality of openings exposing the corresponding electron emission regions, each of the openings having at least two opening portions that communicate with each other and are different in a size from each other. The gate electrodes are provided with openings communicating with the corresponding openings of the insulating layer. The two opening portions may include a gap in the insulating layer where the gate and cathode electrodes interesect.

Abstract: A field emission display includes: a substrate (11); cathode electrodes (21) formed on the substrate; a plurality of emitters formed on the cathode electrodes; a barrier array (41) defining a plurality of openings (42) therethrough according to a pixel pattern, the barrier array comprising a shadow mask with an insulative layer (43) formed thereon, the barrier array being fixed to the substrate; gate electrodes (51) formed on the barrier array; and a phosphor screen (70) spaced from the substrate. This field emission display employs the known technology for making a shadow mask in the field of CRTs. In addition, the thickness and the material of the insulative layer can be determined according to the insulative performance required for the field emission display. In summary, the present invention provides a field emission display having a high precision, and low production cost barrier array.

Abstract: A planar light unit provided with field emitters and a method for fabricating the same. According to the present invention, the planar light unit has a first substrate, a plurality of first conductive strips, a plurality of second conductive strips, a plurality of field emitters, a second substrate and a fluorescent film. The plurality of first conductive strips are formed over the first substrate, and the plurality of second conductive strips are formed over the first substrate and interposed inbetween the plurality of first conductive strips. The plurality of field emitters are formed in proximity of the plurality of first conductive strips. The second substrate is provided to be attached to and spaced apart from the first substrate to form a chamber therebetween, whereas a fluorescent film is formed over the interior surface of the second substrate facing the plurality of field emitters.

Abstract: An electron emission device in an electron beam apparatus includes an insulating member having a recess on a surface thereof, a gate, and a cathode opposed to the gate via the recess. The recess has a depression formed in a surface of the recess.

Abstract: A front substrate includes a phosphor screen including a plurality of phosphor layers arranged at a specific pitch in a first direction and at another specific pitch in a second direction intersecting at right angles to the first direction and including a light-shielding layer, divided metal-back layers laid on the phosphor screen and divided, in the first and second directions, divided getter films laid on the metal-back layer and divided, in the first and second directions, and a thin-film dividing layer formed on divided portions of at least one of the divided metal-back layers and the divided getter-films. Spacers are provided between the front substrate and a rear substrate and oppose to the thin-film dividing layer. Spacer-abutting layers are discretely arranged near the thin-film-dividing layer, at positions where the spacer-abutting layers abut the spacers.

Abstract: An electron emission device that is driven at a low voltage has lower power consumption, and can be mass-produced. An electron emission display device includes the electron emission device, The electron emission device includes: a base substrate; a cathode electrode disposed on the base substrate; an electron emission source disposed on the cathode electrode; a data electrode disposed above the electron emission source; a scan electrode disposed above the data electrode; and insulating layers insulating each electrode from the other electrodes. A method of driving the electron emission device includes maintaining a voltage at the cathode electrode of below 0 V or a ground level, maintaining a positive voltage at the scan electrode, and maintaining a voltage at the data electrode of below 0 V; and intermittently providing a positive voltage at the data electrode for a predetermined period of time such that electrons can travel toward the scan electrode for the predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A triode field emission display is provided. It utilizes the electrical characteristics that an edge structure may raise the electric field intensity to expose an edge of a cathode plate through an opening of a gate layer, thereby forming the edge structure at an emitter to raise the electric field intensity. Therefore, reduction of driving voltage is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention prevents the oxidization of a member of carbon fibers and improves the electric connection between the carbon fibers and the member of carbon fibers. In the present invention, a member 5 of carbon fibers 4 includes: a first element selected from the group consisting of IVa group elements and Va group elements; a second element selected from the group consisting of C, Al, Si, Cr, and Zr; and N. Preferably, the first element is Ti. More preferably, the member 5 includes Al or Si and the ratio of Al or Si to Ti is not less than 10 atm % and not more than 30 atm %.

Abstract: An electron emission device and display including the same include a substrate; a cathode electrode including a first electrode portion formed on the substrate and having opening portions, and second electrode portions placed within respective ones of the opening portions such that the second electrodes are separated from the first electrode; a resistance layer electrically interconnecting the first electrode portion and the second electrode portions of the cathode electrode; and electron emission regions electrically connected to the second electrode portions. A width of the second electrode portions or of the resistance layer between the first and second electrode portions varies along a longitudinal direction of the cathode electrode.

Abstract: An electron emission device is disclosed. The electron emission device includes a resistance layer for electrically connecting a line electrode and isolate electrodes included in the cathode electrode. The cathode electrode can maintain a uniform voltage due to the resistance layer. A protection layer is located on the resistance layer. The protection layer prevents conductive elements contained in the resistance layer from diffusing over the protection layer. The protection layer also prevents the resistance layer from being oxidized.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device using the light emission device as a light source are provided. The light emission device includes a vacuum envelope formed by first and second substrates and a sealing member, first electrodes formed on the first substrate in a first direction, an insulating layer formed on the first substrate and covering the first electrodes, second electrodes formed on the insulating layer in a second direction crossing the first direction, electron emission regions electrically connected to the first electrodes or the second electrodes, a resistive layer for covering a first surface of the insulating layer, the first surface facing the second substrate, a phosphor layer formed on the second substrate, and an anode electrode formed on the phosphor layer.

Abstract: A light source apparatus (8) includes a rear plate (80), a front plate (89) formed with an anode layer (82), and a cathode (81) interposed therebetween. The cathode includes a plurality of electrically conductive carriers (812) and a plurality of field emitters (816) formed thereon. The field emitters are uniformly distributed on anode-facing surfaces of the conductive carriers. The anode layer includes a plurality of curving portions (820) corresponding to the conductive carriers. Preferably, the field emitters extend radially outwardly from the corresponding conductive carriers. The conductive carriers are parallel with each other, and are located substantially on a common plane. Each of the conductive carriers can be connected with a pulling device arranged at least one end thereof, and an example of the pulling device is a spring. The conductive carriers may be cylindrical, prism-shaped or polyhedral.

Abstract: A cathode substrate (10) and gate substrate (30) are arranged such that at least gate ribs (12) abut against cathode ribs (34) and gate electrodes (35) and, depending on the case, the cathode ribs (34) abut against cathodes (13). The gate ribs (12) and cathode ribs (34) can be formed to heights of about 5 ?m to 300 ?m. The gate ribs (12) can be surface-polished so their heights are uniform. The distance between the cathode electrodes (13) and gate electrodes (35) can accordingly be made uniform and short, so driving at a low voltage and an increase in luminance uniformity can be realized.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, first electrodes formed on the substrate, electron emission regions electrically connected to the first electrodes, and second electrodes placed over the first electrodes such that the second electrodes are insulated from the first electrodes. The second electrodes have openings to expose the electron emission regions. A third electrode is placed over the second electrodes such that the third electrode is insulated from the second electrodes. The third electrode has openings communicating with the openings of the second electrodes. Each of the electron emission regions and the second electrodes simultaneously satisfy the following conditions: D2/D1?0.579??(1), and D2?1 ???(2) where D1 indicates the width of each of the openings of the second electrode, and D2 indicates the width of each of the electron emission regions.

Abstract: An electron emission device which can uniformly emit electrons and can be simply manufactured at a reduced cost, and a display apparatus having improved uniform brightness of pixels by using the electron emission device. In addition, a simple method of manufacturing the electron emission device. The electron emission device includes: a first substrate; a cathode electrode and an electron emission unit disposed on the first substrate; a gate electrode electrically insulated from the cathode electrode; an insulating layer disposed between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode to insulate the cathode electrode from the gate electrode; and an electron emission source including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that contact the cathode electrode, wherein distances between the gate electrode and the tips of the CNTs are uniform.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes first electrodes formed on a substrate and oriented in a first direction of the substrate, and isolated electrodes disposed on a same plane as the first electrodes while being spaced apart from the first electrodes. The isolated electrodes are separately formed and arranged in the first direction as well as in a second direction crossing the first direction. Line electrodes are placed on a different plane from the first electrodes and the isolated electrodes and are disposed on an insulating layer. Each of the line electrodes is electrically connected to a respective plurality of the isolated electrodes arranged along the second direction to form a second electrode together with the respective plurality of the isolated electrodes. Electron emission regions are formed on the isolated electrodes along the peripheral sides of the isolated electrodes proximate to the first electrodes.

Abstract: To provide an electron source including: a wiring board having: a substrate provided with a groove on its surface; a first conductive member which is arranged along the groove in the groove; and a second conductive member which is arranged above the first conductive member crossing the first conductive member; and an electron-emitting device which is arranged on the wiring board and is electrically connected to the first conductive member and the second conductive member; wherein a particle is arranged between the first conductive member and an inner wall of the groove.

Abstract: In a plane emissive cathode structure of a field emission display having a common plane structure, a cathode plate includes a cathode substrate, and a plurality of cathode units on the cathode substrate, and the cathode unit includes an emitter layer, a gate electrode layer and a dielectric layer. The emitter layer and the gate electrode layer are disposed on a common plane of the cathode substrate and separated with each other to form an interval. The dielectric layer is formed in the interval between the emitter layer and the gate electrode layer, but not connected to the interval between the emitter layer and the gate electrode layer, so as to change the electric field distribution of the emitter layer and the gate electrode layer.

Abstract: A field emission device (10) includes a sealed container (11) with a light-permeable portion (12). A phosphor layer (13) is formed on the light-permeable portion. A light-permeable anode (14) is formed on the light-permeable portion. At least one cathode is positioned opposite to the light-permeable anode. A shielding barrel (16) is electrically connected to the at least one cathode and disposed in the container. The shielding barrel has opposite open ends respectively facing towards the light-permeable anode and the cathode (18, 19). The shielding barrel has an inner surface, and a slurry layer (17) containing conductive nano material is formed on the inner surface of the shielding barrel.

Abstract: A planar field emission illumination module includes a top substrate, a bottom substrate, and a plurality of electron-amplification sets located between the top substrate and the bottom substrate. Each electron-amplification set has multiple electron-amplification plates spaced at gaps, which are formed of a metal and coated with an electron-amplification material on the surfaces. The cross section of each electron amplification plate can be V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, arc-shaped, trapezoid, irregular, and the combination thereof. The planar field emission illumination module can focus the electrons and regulate the distribution of the electrons effectively. Hence, the planar field emission illumination module can provide a flat light source with illumination uniformity and high brightness.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stabilizing a threshold voltage in an active matrix field emission device are disclosed. The method includes formation of radiation-blocking elements between a cathodoluminescent display screen of an FED and semiconductor junctions formed on a baseplate of the FED.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device includes a front glass at least part of which is translucent, a substrate, a cathode, an electron-emitting layer, an electron extracting electrode, a phosphor film and an anode, and a conductive layer. The substrate is formed of an insulating member arranged to oppose the front glass. The front glass and the substrate constitute part of a vacuum envelope. The cathode is disposed on the substrate. The electron-emitting layer includes a carbon nanotube and is formed on a surface of the cathode. The electron extracting electrode is arranged between the substrate and the front glass to be spaced apart from the cathode. The phosphor layer and the anode stack on a surface of the front glass which opposes the substrate. The conductive layer is formed between the cathode and the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a planar light source and method for driving the same is provided. The apparatus for generating a planar light source comprises an emitting layer disposed not only on a cathode electrode, but also on a gate electrode as well. Accordingly, by applying an AC voltage to the apparatus, a duty cycle of the AC voltage can reach 100% so as to enhance the brightness to the extent that the apparatus is applied a DC voltage.

Abstract: An electron emission device adapted to enhanced electron beam focusing and its method of fabrication are shown. The device includes driving electrodes for controlling the emission of electrons from electron emission regions formed on a substrate; two or more tiers of insulating layers formed on the driving electrodes; and a focusing electrode formed over the tiers. A multi-tiered insulating layer allows a thick tier to hold the focusing electrodes away from the emission regions, thus enhancing their focusing impact, while a thin tier under the focusing electrodes remains amenable to intricate patterning. Fabrication of the tiers from material with different etching rates allows thicker lower support tiers to be etched during the same period and in the same step that a thinner upper tier is etched, also allowing openings in a lower tier to widen while openings in the upper tier stay small.