Abstract: An electron multiplier apparatus of the type used in ion detectors, and modifications thereto for extending the operational lifetime or otherwise improving performance. The electron multiplier includes a series of discrete electron emissive surfaces configured to provide an electron amplification chain, the electron multiplier being configured so as to inhibit or prevent a contaminant from entering into, or passing partially through, or passing completely through the electron multiplier. The electron multiplier may include one or more baffles configured so as to decrease vacuum conductance of the electron multiplier compared to the same or similar electron multiplier not having one or more baffles.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is described that includes a multipole configured to pass an ion stream, the ion stream comprising an abundance of one or more ion species within stability boundaries defined by (a, q) values. A detector formed by a plurality of dynodes is configured to detect the spatial and temporal properties of the abundance of ions, where each dynode arranged such that it is struck by ions in a known spatial relationship with the ion stream. The detector also includes a plurality of charged particle detectors, each associated with one or more of the plurality of dynodes. A processing system is configured to record and store a pattern of detection of ions in the abundance of ions by the dynodes in the detector.

Abstract: A scintillator type radiation detector package is provided including a scintillation crystal directly coupled to the window of a photomultiplier. A scintillator package is also provided having a longer life at wellbore temperature with minimal deterioration of a hygroscopic scintillation crystal(s). Direct optical coupling of the scintillator to the photomultiplier reduces the amount of light lost at coupling interfaces and improved detection resolution over the conventional structures having separate packages for crystal and photomultiplier.

Abstract: In an electron tube, an electrical resistance film having a stacked structure of electrically insulating layers and electrically conductive layers is formed on holding surfaces of bases in insulating substrates. This electrical resistance film is made as a firm and fine film with a desired resistance by use of an atomic layer deposition method, which can suppress electrification of the bases comprised of an insulating material. This makes it feasible to stably maintain withstand voltage characteristics.

Abstract: A photomultiplier includes a tube and plurality of dynodes within the tube and including at least one first dynode and at least one second dynode. A respective insulator is between adjacent pairs of dynodes. The at least one first dynode includes a conductive outer ring and a medial conductive member coupled to the conductive outer ring in spaced relation therefrom. The at least one second dynode includes a conductive outer ring and a conductive inner ring supported within the conductive outer ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract: A method of measuring an anode current in an electron-multiplier device having an anode, a cathode, dynodes and a voltage divider network for applying voltages to the dynodes, which method includes applying an HV positive voltage to the anode and intermediate voltages to the dynodes, the cathode being at or near circuit ground potential, conducting dynode currents through or in parallel to the voltage divider to a point substantially at cathode potential, and deriving from those currents a current representative of the anode current.

Abstract: The photomultiplier tube 1 is provided with a casing 5 made of an upper frame 2 and a lower frame 4, an electron multiplying part 33 having dynodes 33a to 331 arrayed on the lower frame 4, a photocathode 41, and an anode part 34. Conductive layers 202 are installed on an opposing surface 20a of the upper frame 2. The electron multiplying part 33 is provided with base parts 52a to 52d of the respective dynodes 33a to 33d installed on the side of the lower frame 4, and power supplying parts 53a to 53d connected to the conductive layers 202 at one end parts of the respective base parts 52a to 52d in a direction along the opposing surface 40a. The base parts 52a to 52d are constituted in such a manner that the both end parts are joined to the opposing surface 40a, the central part is spaced away from the opposing surface 40a, and a cross sectional area at the one end part on the side of each of the power supplying parts 53a to 53d is made greater than a cross sectional area at another end part.

Abstract: This invention provides a design to process a large range of detection beam current at low noise with a single detector. With such a design, the detection system can generate up to 1010 gain and maximum signal output at more than mini Ampere (mA) level. A condenser lens is configured to increase bandwidth of the detector that scan speed can be enhanced.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a photomultiplier tube with extended dynamic range. According to various embodiments, a repulsive electric field is introduced between a photocathode and a plurality of dynodes in order to repel or block low-energy electrons from reaching and being multiplied by the dynodes. As a result, time intervals between current peaks and drops may be decreased because the photomultiplier current will be primarily affected by high-energy electrons emitted by the photocathode in response to incident illumination versus low-energy electrons, some of which may result from dangling bonds or slow surface states after illumination no longer impinges the photocathode. Dynamic range and optical responsiveness of the photomultiplier tube are increased accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocathode having a structure to dramatically improve the effective quantum efficiency in comparison with that of a conventional art, an photomultiplier and an electron tube. The photocathode comprises a supporting substrate transmitting or blocking an incident light, a photoelectron emitting layer containing an alkali metal provided on the supporting substrate, and an underlayer provided between the supporting substrate and the photoelectron emitting layer. Particularly, the underlayer contains a beryllium oxide, and is adjusted in its thickness such that a thickness ratio of the underlayer to the photoelectron emitting layer falls within a specific range. This structure allows to obtain a photocathode having a dramatically improved quantum efficiency.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an ion detector for improving the effect of electric field for pulling in an ion to be detected to a first-stage electrode of a secondary electron multiplier (SEM), and improving the effect of a stray light reduction. In one example embodiment, an ion detector includes a SEM, and a lead-in electrode for pulling in an ion to a first-stage electrode side of the SEM. At least one of the area of the lead-in electrode and a potential difference between the lead-in electrode and neighboring electrodes of the lead-in electrode, the neighboring electrode being an electrode not of the SEM, is set so that the light amount of internal-stray light generated inside the detector entering the first-stage electrode is not more than that of external-stray light generated outside the detector entering the first-stage electrode, when an ion is introduced into the detector.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes a photocathode, a first electrode, and a second electrode opposedly disposed to the first electrode and separated from it to create a space therebetween. An anode opposedly disposed to the photocathode. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed between the anode and the photocathode. The photocathode is adjacent to the first electrode and separated from it, and the anode is adjacent to the second electrode and separated from it. An amplifying medium is disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode. The amplifying medium includes metal oxide nanoparticles and/or an aerogel. The metal oxide nanoparticles have an aspect ratio greater than or equal to about 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron multiplier and others to effectively suppress luminescence noise, even in compact size, in which each of multistage dynodes has a plurality of columns each having a peripheral surface separated physically, and in which each column is processed in such a shape that an area or a peripheral length of a section parallel to an installation surface on which the electron multiplier is arranged becomes minimum at a certain position on the peripheral surface in the column of interest.

Abstract: The photomultiplier tube 1 is provided with an upper frame 2 and a lower frame 4 which are arranged so as to oppose each other, with the respective opposing surfaces 20a, 40a made with an insulating material, a side wall part 3 which constitutes a casing together with the frames 2, 4, a plurality of stages of electron multiplying parts 33 which are arrayed so as to be spaced away sequentially from a first end side to a second end side on the opposing surface 40a of the lower frame 4, a photocathode 41 which is installed on the first end side so as to be spaced away from the electron multiplying parts 33, converting incident light from outside to photoelectrons, an anode part 34 which is installed on the second end side so as to be spaced away from the electron multiplying parts 33 to take out electrons multiplied by the electron multiplying parts 33 as a signal, and a wall-like electrode 32 which is arranged so as to enclose the photocathode 41 when viewed from a direction directly opposite to an opposing sur

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier that realizes a significant improvement of response time characteristics by a structure enabling mass production. The photomultiplier comprises a sealed container, and, in the sealed container, a photocathode, an electron multiplier section, and an anode are respectively disposed. The electron multiplier section includes multiple stages of dynode units, and each of the multiple stages of dynode units is fixed with one end of the associated dynode pin while being electrically connected thereto. In particular, the dynode pin, whose one ends are fixed to the multiple stages of dynode units, are held within an effective region of the electron multiplier section contributing to secondary electron multiplication, when the electron multiplier section is viewed from the photocathode side.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube including a photocathode, an electron multiplier, an electron collector, and a power lead, wherein the photocathode and the electron multiplier are disposed in a sealed transparent vacuum envelope, the electron collector and the power lead are connected with an external circuit outside the vacuum envelope, the photocathode is formed on the entire inner surface of the vacuum envelope, and the electron multiplier is located on the internal center of the vacuum envelope to receive photoelectrons from the photocathode in all directions for electrons multiplication. Because the effective photocathode area is increased, the detection efficiency of unit light-receiving area is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low-luminance imaging device using a silicon photomultiplier, which includes a first optical portion for collecting incident light, the silicon photomultiplier including a plurality of microcells so that photons of collected light are converted into photoelectrons which are then multiplied, a phosphor screen for converting the multiplied photoelectrons into photons, a second optical portion for transferring the converted photons, and an image sensor for picking-up the transferred photons thus obtaining an image, so that the imaging device has a high photomultiplication factor thereby obtaining an image having good image quality even at low luminance and achieving a low bias voltage and a small size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract: In the photocathode, an underlayer made of a crystalline material containing La2O3 is provided between a supporting substrate and a photoelectron emission layer, and is in contact with the photoelectron emission layer. Therefore, for example, at the time of heat treatment in a manufacturing process of the photocathode, dispersion to the supporting substrate side of an alkali metal contained in the photoelectron emission layer is suppressed. Further, it is assumed that this underlayer functions so as to reverse the direction of, out of photoelectrons e? generated within the photoelectron emission layer, photoelectrons traveling toward the supporting substrate side to the side opposite thereto.

Abstract: The photomultiplier tube 1 is provided with a casing 5 made of an upper frame 2 and a lower frame 4, an electron multiplying part 33 having dynodes 33a to 33l arrayed on the lower frame 4, a photocathode 41, and an anode part 34. Conductive layers 202 are installed on an opposing surface 20a of the upper frame 2. The electron multiplying part 33 is provided with base parts 52a to 52d of the respective dynodes 33a to 33d installed on the side of the lower frame 4, and power supplying parts 53a to 53d connected to the conductive layers 202 at one end parts of the respective base parts 52a to 52d in a direction along the opposing surface 40a. The base parts 52a to 52d are constituted in such a manner that the both end parts are joined to the opposing surface 40a, the central part is spaced away from the opposing surface 40a, and a cross sectional area at the one end part on the side of each of the power supplying parts 53a to 53d is made greater than a cross sectional area at another end part.

Abstract: The photomultiplier tube 1 is provided with an upper frame 2 and a lower frame 4 which are arranged so as to oppose each other, with the respective opposing surfaces 20a, 40a made with an insulating material, a side wall part 3 which constitutes a casing together with the frames 2, 4, a plurality of stages of electron multiplying parts 33 which are arrayed so as to be spaced away sequentially from a first end side to a second end side on the opposing surface 40a of the lower frame 4, a photocathode 41 which is installed on the first end side so as to be spaced away from the electron multiplying parts 33, converting incident light from outside to photoelectrons, an anode part 34 which is installed on the second end side so as to be spaced away from the electron multiplying parts 33 to take out electrons multiplied by the electron multiplying parts 33 as a signal, and a wall-like electrode 32 which is arranged so as to enclose the photocathode 41 when viewed from a direction directly opposite to an opposing sur

Abstract: A voltage divider for supplying a photomultiplier. The voltage divider may include a plurality of active circuits, each of the active circuits configured to establish divided voltage levels at separate ports of a photomultiplier.

Abstract: Electrons are prevented from being made incident onto an insulation part of a casing between dynodes to improve a withstand voltage.

Abstract: This ion detector includes an MCP and a plurality of planar dynodes respectively having a plurality of slits. The plurality of planar dynodes are stacked via spacers parallel to an electron output plane of the MCP, and the first stage planar dynode is opposed parallel to the electron output plane. In accordance with this ion detector, it is possible to obtain output signals having the linearity reaching mV order, and to shorten its pulse width to approximately 600 ps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier that realizes significant improvement of response time properties with a structure enabling mass production. In the sealed container, a photocathode, a dynode unit including at least one dynode set, and preferably dynode sets of two series, a focusing electrode unit arranged between the photocathode and the dynode unit are housed. The focusing electrode unit is set to the same potential as the second dynode arranged at a position where secondary electrons from said first dynode, which emits secondary electrons in response to incidence of photoelectrons, arrive, and is provided with partitioning plates partitioning the second dynode into two in a longitudinal direction of the second dynode.

Abstract: The invention provides a switchable photomultiplier switchable between a detecting state and a non-detecting state including a cathode upon which incident radiation is arranged to impinge. The photomultiplier also includes a series of dynodes arranged to amplify a current created at the cathode upon detection of photoradiation. The invention also provides a detection system arranged to detect radiation-emitting material in an object. The system includes a detector switchable between a detecting state in which the detector is arranged to detect radiation and a non-detecting state in which the detector is arranged to not detect radiation. The system further includes a controller arranged to control switching of the detector between the states such that the detector is switched to the non-detecting state whilst an external radiation source is irradiating the object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine configuration capable of realizing stable detection accuracy. The photomultiplier has a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and a photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, and an anode are disposed in the housing. In particular, one or more control electrodes disposed in an internal space of the housing which surrounds the electron-multiplier section and the anode are electrically connected via one or more connection parts extending from an electron emission terminal of the electron-multiplier section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure that enables to perform high gain and satisfy higher required characteristics. In the photomultiplier, an electron-multiplying unit accommodated in a sealed container comprises a focusing electrode, an accelerating electrode, a dynode unit, and an anode. Particularly, at least the accelerating electrode and dynode unit are held unitedly in a state that at least a first-stage dynode and a second-stage included in the dynode unit are opposite directly to the accelerating electrode not through a conductive material. A conventional metal disk for supporting directly dynodes which are set to the same potential as that of the first-stage dynode is not placed between the accelerating electrode and dynode unit; thus, variations of the transit time of electrons may be drastically reduced while the electrons reach from the cathode to the second-stage dynode via the first-stage dynode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine structure capable of realizing high multiplication efficiency. The photomultiplier comprises a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and, on a device mounting surface which is a part of an inner wall surface defining an internal space of the housing, a photocathode serving as a reflection type photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, an anode, and a voltage distributing section are disposed integrally. In particular, the electron-multiplier section is constituted by dynodes at multiple stages cascade-multiplying photoelectrons from the photocathode, and the voltage distributing section, which applies corresponding voltages to the dynodes at the respective stages respectively, is on the same surface together with the electron-multiplier section.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a silicon photomultiplier tube, including: a first type silicon substrate; a cell, each including a first type epitaxial layer formed on the first type silicon substrate, a first type conductive layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer, and a second type conductive layer formed on the first type conductive layer; a separating element located between the cell and a cell adjacent to the cell to separate the cells from each other; and an antireflection coating layer formed on a top surface of the second type conductive layer and an inner wall of the separating element, wherein any one of the first type conductive layer and the second type conductive layer is formed in a plurality of rows.

Abstract: X-ray detector assemblies and related computed tomography systems are provided. In this regard, a representative X-ray detector assembly includes: a scintillator assembly having a scintillation component and an optical fiber; the scintillation component being operative to emit light responsive to X-rays being incident thereon; the optical fiber being positioned to receive light emitted from the scintillation component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine structure capable of realizing high detection accuracy by effectively suppressing cross talk among electron-multiplier channels. The photomultiplier comprises a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and, in the housing, a photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, and anodes are disposed. The electron-multiplier section has groove portions for cascade-multiplying photoelectrons as electron-multiplier channels, and the anodes are constituted by channel electrodes corresponding to the groove portions respectively defined by wall parts. In particular, at least parts of the respective channel electrodes are located in spaces sandwiched between pairs of wall parts defining the corresponding groove portions.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes: a cathode, a plurality of dynodes, and an electron lens forming electrode. The cathode emits electrons in response to incident light. The plurality of dynodes multiplies electrons emitted from the cathode. The electron lens forming the electrode is disposed in a prescribed position in relation to an edge of a first dynode positioned in a first stage from the cathode and an edge of a second dynode positioned in a second stage from the cathode, and smoothes an equipotential surface in a space between the first dynode and the second dynode along a longitudinal direction of the first dynode. This structure improves time resolution in response to incident light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier that realizes significant improvement of response time properties with a structure enabling mass production. The photomultiplier comprises a sealed container, and the sealed container includes a hollow body section, extending along a tube axis, and a faceplate. The faceplate has a light incidence surface and a light emission surface on which a photocathode is formed. In particular, the light emission surface is constituted by a flat region, and a curved-surface processed region that is positioned at a periphery of the flat region and that includes edges of the light emission surface. A surface shape of the peripheral region of the light emission surface of the faceplate is thus intentionally changed in order to adjust the angles of emission of photoelectrons from the photocathode positioned at the peripheral region.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate to one end of a side tube and a stem to the other end via a tubular member. A photocathode, a focusing electrode, dynodes, a drawing electrode, and anodes are arranged within the vacuum vessel. The dynodes and the anodes have a plurality of channels in association with each other. Each electrode has cutout portions that overlap in a stacking direction, and supporting pins and lead pins are arranged in the cutout portions. A bridge is provided in a concave section arranged between unit anodes, and the bridge is cut off after the anode plate is placed on stem pins. Effective areas of each electrode and the anode are secured sufficiently, thereby allowing electrons to be detected efficiently.

Abstract: Electrons are prevented from being made incident onto an insulation part of a casing between dynodes to improve a withstand voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocathode having a structure to dramatically improve the effective quantum efficiency in comparison with that of a conventional art, an photomultiplier and an electron tube. The photocathode comprises a supporting substrate transmitting or blocking an incident light, a photoelectron emitting layer containing an alkali metal provided on the supporting substrate, and an underlayer provided between the supporting substrate and the photoelectron emitting layer. Particularly, the underlayer contains a beryllium oxide, and is adjusted in its thickness such that a thickness ratio of the underlayer to the photoelectron emitting layer falls within a specific range. This structure allows to obtain a photocathode having a dramatically improved quantum efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier that realizes significant improvement of response time properties with a structure enabling mass production. The photomultiplier comprises a sealed container, and, in the sealed container, a photocathode, at least one dynode set, a dynode unit including a part of insulating supporting members holding the one dynode unit, and a gain control unit are housed. The gain control unit has an insulating base plate, and the insulating base plate is integrally fixed with a control dynode and a final stage dynode that belong to each dynode set together with an anode. By the insulating base plate thus being clamped by the pair of insulating supporting members, the anode, the control dynode, and the final stage dynode constitute a part of an electron multiplier section.

Abstract: A photomultiplier (2) is disclosed having an element (16) for modifying the gain thereof either during manufacture (after the normal activation process) or in use, by changing the secondary electron emission characteristics of dynodes of the photomultiplier (2) and/or by modifying the electromagnetic field within the photomultiplier (2). The element (16) is made of a different material than the emissive surface of dynodes (8) of the photomultiplier (2). Methods of manufacturing a photomultiplier (2) and of tuning the gain of a photomultiplier (2) are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine structure capable of realizing high multiplication efficiency. The photomultiplier comprises a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and, on a device mounting surface which is a part of an inner wall surface defining an internal space of the housing, a photocathode serving as a reflection type photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, an anode, and a voltage distributing section are disposed integrally. In particular, the electron-multiplier section is constituted by dynodes at multiple stages cascade-multiplying photoelectrons from the photocathode, and the voltage distributing section, which applies corresponding voltages to the dynodes at the respective stages respectively, is on the same surface together with the electron-multiplier section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier that realizes a significant improvement of response time characteristics by a structure enabling mass production. The photomultiplier comprises a sealed container, and, in the sealed container, a photocathode, an electron multiplier section, and an anode are respectively disposed. The electron multiplier section includes multiple stages of dynode units, and each of the multiple stages of dynode units is fixed with one end of the associated dynode pin while being electrically connected thereto. In particular, the dynode pin, whose one ends are fixed to the multiple stages of dynode units, are held within an effective region of the electron multiplier section contributing to secondary electron multiplication, when the electron multiplier section is viewed from the photocathode side.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel (18) is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate (13) with one end of a side tube (15) and hermetically joining a stem (50) with another end via a ring-shaped side tube (37). Within the vacuum vessel (18), a focus electrode (17), dynodes (Dy1-Dy9), an anode (25), and a dynode (Dy10) are arranged from the side of a photocathode (14) provided to the faceplate (13). The dynode (Dy10) is supported on spacers (33) and a positioning protrusion (31) provided on the stem (50). The anode (25) is placed on support members (21). The focus electrode (17), the dynodes (Dy1-Dy9), and the anode (25) are stacked with inter-layer members (23) interposed therebetween, the inter-layer members (23) being located coaxially with the support members (21), to ensure high anti-vibration performance. Because the anode (25) and the dynode (Dy10) have no insulating body therebetween, light emission is suppressed and noises can be reduced.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate to one end of a side tube and a stem to the other end via a tubular member. A photocathode, a focusing electrode, dynodes, a drawing electrode, and anodes are arranged within the vacuum vessel. The dynodes and the anodes have a plurality of channels in association with each other. Each electrode has cutout portions that overlap in a stacking direction, and supporting pins and lead pins are arranged in the cutout portions. A bridge is provided in a concave section arranged between unit anodes, and the bridge is cut off after the anode plate is placed on stem pins. Effective areas of each electrode and the anode are secured sufficiently, thereby allowing electrons to be detected efficiently.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electron multiplier unit and others enabling cascade multiplication of electrons through successive emission of secondary electrons in multiple stages in response to incidence of primary electrons. The electron multiplier unit has a first support member provided with an inlet aperture for letting primary electrons in, and a second support member located so as to face the first support member. The first support member is provided with a focusing electrode functioning to alter trajectories of the primary electrons, in order to guide the primary electrons to the inlet aperture. These first and second support members hold an electron multiplication section for the cascade multiplication and an anode.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electron multiplier unit and others enabling cascade multiplication of electrons through successive emission of secondary electrons in multiple stages in response to incidence of primary electrons. The electron multiplier unit has a first support member provided with an inlet aperture for letting primary electrons in, and a second support member located so as to face the first support member. These first and second support members hold an electron multiplication section for the cascade multiplication and an anode. The electron multiplication section is comprised of at least a first dynode of a box type and a second dynode having a reflection type secondary electron emission surface located so as to face the first dynode and arranged to receive secondary electrons from the first dynode and to emit secondary electrons to a side where the first dynode is located.

Abstract: A glass container has a faceplate, a side tube, and a bottom. A photocathode is formed on the inner side of the faceplate. The glass container includes a partitioning wall, a shield electrode, a first dynode, a second dynode, a dynode array, and an anode. The partitioning wall has a cross shape to divide an electron focusing space into four space segments. The shield electrode is provided to shield the second dynode from the photocathode. A Venetian blind type of dynodes is provided as the dynode array. The first dynode, the second dynode, the dynode array, and the anode are maintained at the potential which is higher than that of the photocathode. Electrons emitted from the photocathode in response to incident light thereon efficiently impinge on the dynodes regardless of where the electrons are emitted. The electrons are multiplied and then detected by the anode.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate (13) to one end of a side tube (15) and a stem (29) to the other end via a tubular member (31). A photocathode (14), a focusing electrode (17), dynodes (Dy1-Dy12), a drawing electrode (19), and anodes (25) are arranged within the vacuum vessel. The tubular member (31) is disposed on the periphery of the stem (29), and supporting pins (21) and lead pins (47) penetrate and are fixed to an extending section (32) that protrudes from the tubular member (31). The supporting pins (21) and the lead pins (47) are arranged in cutout portions (49, 24) of the dynodes (Dy1-Dy12) and the drawing electrode (19), thereby allowing effective areas of each electrode to be enlarged. Further, protuberant sections (33) are formed on the connecting sections of each pin with the stem (29), thereby facilitating thickness control of the stem.