Abstract: A resistor for use in a cathode ray tube comprises an insulating plate provided thereon with at least first and second electrode terminals for use respectively with relatively high and low voltages in the cathode ray tube, a coating insulator provided on the insulating plate for covering the same, and a resistive layer provided in a predetermined pattern on the insulating plate to connect therethrough the first and second electrode terminals with each other and to be covered by the coating insulator with such an arrangement that the resistance thereof obtained per unit length on the insulating plate between the second electrode terminal and a high potential difference position between the first and second electrode terminals, where the potential difference between the outer surface of the coating insulator and the resistive layer is to be relatively large in the use of the resistor in the cathode ray tube, is greater than that between the high potential difference position and the first electrode terminal.

Abstract: A circuit assembly for temperature-dependent cathode current tracking in traveling-wave tubes having control electrodes and cathodes with a predetermined cathode current, in combination with a power supply, includes a temperature-dependent network thermally coupled to a given point of the traveling-wave tube for measuring the actual temperature of the tube, and an electronic control circuit in the power supply connected to the temperature-dependent network for keeping the predetermined cathode current substantially constant by varying the voltage at the control electrode of the tube.

Abstract: A gyrotron device comprising a magnetron injection gun for emitting a sectionally-ring-shaped electron beam, a superconducting coil for applying magnetic field to the electron beam emitted from the gun, a ring-shaped resonator mirror for quasi-optically reflecting and resonating those electromagnetic waves which are oscillated when the electron beam passes along the magnetic lines of force generated by the superconducting coil and which propagate in the radial direction, while radially emitting a portion of the electromagnetic waves, and a plurality of transmission mirrors for quasi-optically reflecting and transmitting the electromagnetic waves which have been emitted in the radial direction of the resonator mirror.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulsed electron beam gun for generating a high current, short duration pulse which is received by a pulse detection circuit. The gun has a gated electron beam emitting area, a beam deflection and sweeping area and a beam pulse detector. Magnetic collimating means having lines of force along an axis in the direction of the electron beam surrounds the aforementioned structure. The magnetic collimating means intensifies the density and strength of the electron beam once it is emitted from its source of emission and is gated through the electron gate. A conventional pulse source delivers a low voltage pulse and a delayed pulse. The internal impedance of the pulse source is matched at the location of the electron gun where the pulses are applied to the electron gun components. The first pulse, at the beam gate, causes a short burst of electrons to be emitted.

Abstract: In an electron beam tube such as a gyrotron, electron dissipation on the collector wall is often quite non-uniform due to radial concentrations of the electrons. The dissipation is made more uniform by pseudo-random scrambling of trajectories by transverse magnetic fields which are non-uniform in transverse and axial dimensions.

Abstract: In a CRT display device the target comprises a multilayered semiconductor including a p-n junction and at least one current-blocking layer. The e-beam is locally absorbed in the current-blocking layer so as to open a narrow zone which allows charge to flow through the forward biased p-n junction. The injection current produces a local spot of light which radiates from the opposite side of the device and whose position is varied by scanning the e-beam. In one embodiment the current-blocking layer is a semi-insulating semiconductor layer, and in another embodiment the current-blocking layer comprises the base of a normally cut-off transistor.

Abstract: A collective interactive klystron that utilizes a bent drift tube to achi circular motions of the electrons in the drift region. This bent drift tube eliminates material repulsion between AC space charges in a klystron.

Abstract: A socket assembly for a CRT includes a socket mounted on a printed circuit board having a plurality of spark gaps interposed between an open grounding ring and the terminals of the socket. The spark gaps associated with the cathode and heater socket terminals have larger width dimensions than those associated with the other electrode terminals and are positioned adjacent to the portion of the open grounding ring farthest from the connection to the CRT "dag".

Abstract: The invention provides a linear beam tube which may be protected against high voltage arcs between the cathode and anode of its electron gun by connecting to ground a limiting impedance in a series path from said anode. The anode is carried upon the end of a ceramic cylinder which is co-axially within a conical metallic member. The end of the ceramic cylinder remote from the anode is attached to one end of said conical metallic member, the other end of which is flanged, with the flange passing through the tube envelope to provide an external termination which may be connected to ground. Resistive material is deposited in a groove in the inner surface of said ceramic cylinder to form a deposited impedance which extends from the anode over the end of the ceramic cylinder, to the end of the conical metallic member and constitutes said limiting impedance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for suppressing lower order cyclotron harmonics in order to permit resonance within a quasi-optical gyrotron/gyroklystron configuration of a desired higher order harmonic. In the gyrotron/gyroklystron configuration at least one open resonator defined by at least two mirrors is positioned downstream from an electron beam source for receiving therethrough the beam of electrons and for exchanging energy therewith. This method includes the steps of choosing a mirror radius size .rho. for the mirrors forming the at least one open resonator which is large enough relative to the spot size of a desired radiation cyclotron harmonic .omega..sub.n so that the harmonic .omega..sub.n oscillates within the at least one resonator, but small enough so that the spot size for the next lower cyclotron harmonic .omega..sub.m is larger than the mirror so that the harmonic .omega..sub.m does not oscillate due to diffraction losses.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of simultaneous focusing, positioning, and scanning of an ion beam is described. The apparatus uses metallic elements to form the sides of an open-ended substantially box-shaped structure. Application of AC and DC currents to the four corners of the structure create AC and DC fields within the structure that deflect an ion beam so as to perform the functions of positioning, focusing, and scanning. The center of focusing of the ion beam is placed closer to the center of scanning of the ion beam than in conventional ion beam deflection systems. As a result, the tendency of space charge beam blow-up during scanning is greatly diminished. By combining the functions of positioning, focusing, and scanning in one deflection element, the length of an ion beam deflection system is reduced, and the current capability is greatly increased.

Abstract: An RF cyclotron maser type traveling-wave amplifier including an integral active circulator. The amplifier includes a tapered interaction waveguide having a cross-section which gradually increases from a small first end to a larger second end thereof. The waveguide is capable of supporting first and second orthogonal polarization modes therein with approximately the same propagation characteristics for the two modes. A beam of mildly relativistic electrons having helical electron motion is directed into the small first end to axially propagate within the waveguide toward the larger second end. A tapered magnetic field is generated within the waveguide in a direction approximately parallel to the axis of the waveguide. The magnetic field is profiled to near grazing interaction with the second polarization mode of the waveguide. An input electromagnetic wave in the first polarization mode is launched into the larger second end of the waveguide to propagate toward the first end thereof.

Abstract: A diffraction radiation generator in which a ribbon electron beam is directed over a diffraction grating within an open resonator at a selected velocity to generate coherent radiation. After passing through the open resonator, the ribbon beam is directed through aligned slits in two or more conductive elements to a collector. Progressively negative voltages relative to the grating voltage can be applied to the elements and the collector to decelerate the electrons forming the ribbon beam and thus minimize heating of the collector and increase the operating efficiency of the generator. Also, the elements and the collector can be utilized to analyze the ribbon beam.

Abstract: A low inductance magnetic wiggler for use in electron beam type lasers generates a high intensity spatially periodic magnetic field. The wiggler is formed as a plurality of closed conductive loops having their centers spaced along a common axis. Adjacent loops are connected by a conductor extending parallel to the axis, the connecting conductors being positioned alternately on diametrically opposite sides of the loops.

Abstract: A high power amplifier for amplifying millimeter-wave radiation comprising: a length of metallic waveguide tapered from a small cross-sectional end to a larger cross-sectional end; a magnetron-type electron injection gun for injecting a spiral beam of relativistic electrons at the small end of the waveguide for propagation axially therein so that the wall radius of the tapered waveguide increases in the downstream direction of the electron beam; an input coupler for launching electromagnetic waves to be amplified into the waveguide at the large waveguide end thereof such that the individual frequencies in the input waves are reflected at various points along the constriction of the waveguide taper so that they copropagate with and are amplified by the electron beam; and a magnetic circuit for generating an axial magnetic field within the tapered waveguide with a unique profile approximately in accordance with the following equation to maintain synchronism: ##EQU1## where the z subscript is the waveguide axial

Abstract: An electron gun having arc suppression means is described. In one of the preferred embodiments of the electron gun, at least one cathode is provided for generating an electron beam along a beam path. A plurality of electrodes are serially disposed along the beam path. The electrodes include at least one low voltage electrode and at least one high voltage electrode. A plurality of resistors interconnect selected ones of the electrodes. The interconnected electrodes normally operate at substantially the same voltage, and the resistors act as a voltage divider in the event of an arc and prevent damaging cascading arcs.

Abstract: A source of coherent electromagnetic radiation capable of generating or amplifying waves in the centimeter, millimeter, and submillimeter wavelength range. An annular beam of gyrating electrons is produced which is then compressed to its paraxial position by means of a solenoid magnetic field around the wave-guide. This electron beam is also subjected to a transverse motion in an interaction region by a longitudinal rippled (wiggler) magnetic field. Such a field is generated by a periodic assembly of rings magnetized in the axial direction. The electron beam during its accelerated motion generates or amplifies coherent electromagnetic radiation in the centimeter, millimeter, or submillimeter range.

Abstract: An electron gun comprises at least one cathode for generating an electron beam along a beam path and a plurality of electrodes serially disposed along the beam path. The electrodes include at least one accelerating and focusing electrode having two spaced-apart electrode sections axially separated along a plane substantially perpendicular to the beam path. An arc-suppression resistor interconnects the spaced-apart electrode sections of the electrode. The interconnected electrode sections normally operate at substantially the same voltage. The arc-suppression resistor acts in the event of an arc to limit the arc current and prevent damaging cascading arcs.

Abstract: An electron-beam tube for generating high microwave power at high frequencies comprises a fast-wave circuit such as a hollow waveguide. The circuit wave has a component of electric field perpendicular to its propagation axis. This field interacts with motions of the electrons transverse to the axis, in particular cyclotron rotation in an axial magnetic field. The above features are common to the well-known "gyrotrons".In the inventive tube the fast-wave circuit has means for locking a linearly polarized transverse-electric mode to the orientation of a circuit member such as the ridge in a ridged waveguide. The member (ridge) rotates spirally with distance along the guide. The added periodicity permits interaction with a space harmonic of the circuit wave. The -1 harmonic has a dispersion characteristic which provides beam-wave interaction over a wider frequency range than is possible in prior-art tubes of the gyrotron type.

Abstract: An electron beam deflection structure (10) of the traveling wave type includes first and second deflection members (52 and 58) positioned on opposite sides of and extending along the path of an electron beam (26) to deflect the beam in response to deflection signals applied to the deflection members. In a preferred embodiment, both deflection members are of a meander line type which include a plurality of deflection plate segments (74, 76) connected in series by a plurality of lead portions (78) to form a pair of transmission lines, each transmission line having a characteristic impedance that tends to vary with distance along the path of the electron beam due to a flared spacing between the output portions of the deflection members. Pitch compensation including different pitches for the first and second deflection members increases and maintains substantially uniform the characteristic impedance of each transmission line to prevent reflection of the deflection signal back toward the input end of the line.

Abstract: A magnetron injection gun comprising a conical cold-cathode and a cylindrical anode coaxially surrounding the cold-cathode. The anode is provided with an annular projection extending toward the emission ring surface, and the surface of the conical cold-cathode is coated with an insulating film, except for a portion opposite the end of the annular projection, which forms a conductive emission ring.

Abstract: An RFQ resonator for a linear accelerator having a reduced level of interfering modes and producing a quadrupole mode for focusing, bunching and accelerating beams of heavy charged particles, with the construction being characterized by four elongated resonating rods within a cylinder with the rods being alternately shorted and open electrically to the shell at common ends of the rods to provide an LC parallel resonant circuit when activated by a magnetic field transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A gyrotron traveling-wave device including quarter wavelength anti-reflece dielectric layers to enhance microwave absorption. A drift tube made from a hollow waveguide is positioned within the gyrotron to surround an electron beam passing from an electron gun to a cavity. A plurality of parallel highly lossy dielectric suppressor rings are interspaced with a plurality of conductive rings positioned to surround the electron beam and located within the waveguide. An anti-reflective layer is formed on the suppressor rings to enhance the absorption by the rings of radiation due to parasitic oscillations by reducing reflections of incident radiation from the suppressor rings. In an alternate embodiment, one or more suppressor rings including an anti-reflecting layer are located within the cavity.

Abstract: A quasioptical gyroklystron for generating high power quasioptical radiation. A mildly relativistic electron beam gyrating in a static magnetic field is passed through a first open mirror resonator where a small change in the transverse electron energy takes place (either an increase or decrease depending on the relative phase between the electron gyration and the resonator wave fields). This small change than leads to slower (or more rapid) gyration of those electrons that have gained (or lost) energy in the first resonator. The length of the drift region between the first and a second open mirror resonator is adjusted so that rapidly gyrating electrons overtake slowly gyrating ones at the entrance to the second resonator. Thus the particles arrive at the second resonator strongly bunched in gyration phase. The fields in the first resonator are generated by feedback of a small amount of energy from the wave mode in the second resonator with a .pi.

Abstract: An electron gun having at least one arc-suppression resistor located in a zero electric field gradient area of the electron gun is described. In the electron gun, at least one cathode is provided for generating an electron beam. A plurality of electrodes are also provided for directing the beam along the beam path. The electrodes include at least one accelerating and focusing electrode which is a split member having two spaced apart sections. The electron gun also includes at least one arc-suppression resistor which interconnects the spaced apart sections of the split electrode and is located in a zero electric field gradient area of the split member.

Abstract: An image pick-up tube which has a high signal to noise ratio relative to the prior art provides for a disk-shaped printed circuit board formed with a central opening through which the image can pass to strike the active part of the tube and wherein the printed circuit board carries a first amplifier stage which is very closely spaced and connected to the image pick-up means so as to provide minimum lead lengths to reduce stray capacitance and give high signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: A gyrotron device e.g. a gyrotron oscillator (FIG. 3) or a gyrotron amplifier (FIG. 4) in which a circular waveguide is dimensioned to operate in a transverse electric mode (TE.sub.01) as an interaction region at an RF frequency .omega..sub.o. An injection means directs a beam of electrons, in the form of a hollow cone, into the waveguide and a solenoid generates a magnetic field, extending axially along the waveguide, which causes the electrons in the beam to gyrate at the cyclotron frequency .omega..sub.c. A solenoid coil, mounted on the side of the injection means remote from the solenoid, is used to modify the magnetic field prevailing in the vicinity of the hollow cone, to cause the field lines to extend along the electron beam.

Abstract: Apparatus for compensating the injurious increase of the cathode current occurring during the initial operation period of a travelling-wave tube when, during successive warming-up, the grid first approaches the cathode and then assumes the nominal distance therefrom. The apparatus includes a distance control device measuring the deviation between the actual grid-cathode distance and the nominal distance and generating a control signal proportional to the deviation for reducing the value of the grid voltage.

Abstract: An electrical conductor device is connected between an anode voltage supply terminal on the funnel and an electron gun assembly in the neck in parallel with a conductive inner graphite film for electrical connection of the terminal and the assembly. The conductive inner graphite film has a high-resistance portion and a low-resistance portion, and the electrical conductor device has a smaller resistance than that of the high-resistance portion. Upon spot knocking, high voltage is selectively supplied to the electron gun assembly through the electrical conductor device and in operation, through the conductive inner graphite film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display monitor of the kit type which display monitor includes a cathode ray tube (CRT) and video driving circuitry for driving the CRT, the driving circuitry including a monitor circuit board and a flyback transformer. In accordance with the invention, a structural member is provided for mounting the video driving circuitry. The structural member is permanently supportingly attached to the CRT at the corner ears of the CRT. The structural member is a metallic member and is spaced from the neck of the CRT.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating microwave radiation includes a cathode, comprising parallel side wall means, a first end wall and a second end wall parallel to the first end wall, which defines a space. An aperture is defined within each of the end walls. An elongated anode extends across the defined space and outwardly through the apertures. Free electrons are generated adjacent to the anode and a positive potential is applied between the cathode and the anode. Electrons are trapped in a surrounding relation with the anode and microwave radiation is generated. In an alternate embodiment, a pair of spaced-apart radial steps in the radius of the anode is used to replace the first and second end walls to form electrostatic mirrors for confining free electrons therebetween.

Abstract: A gyrocon deflection system can provide circular beam deflection using a single RF coupler, without providing a phase difference between the two beam deflection signals to account for electron beam transit time between the two sets of deflection plates. The two sets of deflection plates are internally connected pairwise together so that both deflection regions are in RF phase, and the midplanes of the two sets are spaced 90.degree. apart electrically at the desired operating voltage and frequency.

Abstract: An electron beam deflection yoke is located within the glass envelope of a cathode ray tube to increase deflection sensitivity and decrease deflection power consumption. The yoke comprises a plurality of elongated core members with pole pieces formed at one end. The horizontal and vertical deflection coils are wound on the elongated core members and are energized to produce deflection fields. Deflection field return flux in the core causes fields to be formed between the pole pieces. Magnetically permeable shielding means interact with the fields produced by the coils to shield the electron beam from the deflection fields outside the region occupied by the pole pieces, resulting in a shorter deflection region which allows wider beam deflection angles.

Abstract: An arc limiting refractory resistive element is fabricated from aluminum oxide, carbon black and a sintering aid. The fabricating process includes compacting a mixture of the materials, sintering the compact in an inert atmosphere, then oxidizing the outer region of the sintered compact to form a non-conductive sheath around the electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating microwave radiation includes a cathode, comprising parallel side wall means, a first end wall and a second end wall parallel to the first end wall, which defines a space. An aperture is defined within each of the end walls. An elongated anode extends across the defined space and outwardly through the apertures. Free electrons are generated adjacent to the anode and a positive potential is applied between the cathode and the anode. Electrons are trapped in a surrounding relation with the anode and microwave radiation is generated.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for fabricating a long life cold cathode lectron beam semiconductor device (EBS). Fabrication is given of a vacuum tube structure capable of sustaining sufficiently high vacuum over extended time to prevent poisoning of the cold cathode and steps are give for growth of a plural tip cold cathode structure.

Abstract: A beam-indexing color picture tube includes a gun for producing an electron beam that scans across a screen of the tube and a plurality of index phosphor stripes provided on the screen for emitting near-ultraviolet index lights. The near-ultraviolet index lights are transmitted through a window formed in the tube to a detector. The detector is formed by a planar fluorescent collector doped with fluorescent material for absorbing the near-ultraviolet index lights, and at the same time, generating secondary index lights having different wavelength than that of the near-ultraviolet index lights. A silicon p-i-n photodiode is mounted on the planar fluorescent collector for detecting the secondary index lights and for generating electrical signal representing the near-ultraviolet index lights.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube socket substrate, which is to be used by being attached to a cathode-ray tube in a color cathode-ray tube display unit such as a color television receiver and the like, is disclosed. The tube socket substrate comprises at least a cathode-ray tube socket, associated color output circuitry around the cathode-ray tube, and a high-voltage variable resistor, all three elements being mounted on an insulating substrate, on which is provided a film resistor forming a resistance part of the high-voltage variable resistor, and a plurality of corresponding terminal electrodes. Connected to these terminal electrodes are pin terminals for the focusing electrode of the cathode-ray tube socket, and a terminal part onto which is connected an output terminal of a rectifier circuit.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube socket, including a thick film ceramic plate mounted thereon and forming electronic control circuitry in association with the socket structure.

Abstract: In a gyrotron electron tube of the gyro-klystron or gyro-monotron type, having a cavity supporting an electromagnetic mode with circular electric field, spurious resonances can occur in modes having noncircular electric field. These spurious resonances are damped and their frequencies shifted by a circular groove in the cavity parallel to the electric field.

Abstract: An improved R.F. transmitting tube for the 20 GHz to 500 GHz range comprises a gyrotron (10) and a multistage depressed collector (11) as shown in FIG. 1. A winding (19) provides a magnetic field which acts on spent, spinning or orbiting electrons changing their motion to substantially forward linear motion in a downstream direction.The spent electrons then pass through a focusser (18) into the collector (11). Nearly all of the electrons injected into the collector will remain within an imaginary envelope designated by dashed lines 8 and 9 as they travel forward toward the end collector plate (26). The apertures in the collector plates (22-25) are at least as large in diameter as the envelope (8,9) at any particular axial position.FIG. 2 illustrates magnetic field strength from the cathode (13) of FIG. 1 to the collector entrance in focusser 18.

Abstract: In a Gyrotron electron tube, oscillating motion perpendicular to the axis of a linear electron beam is produced by a helical component of magnetic field. The length along the beam of the helical field is critically chosen so that electrons at various radii from the axis all acquire equal transverse energy.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and method for focussing beams of charged particles comprising planar arrays of electrostatic quadrupoles. The quadrupole arrays may comprise electrodes which are shared by two or more quadrupoles. Such quadrupole arrays are particularly adapted to providing strong focussing forces for high current, high brightness, beams of charged particles, said beams further comprising a plurality of parallel beams, or beamlets, each such beamlet being focussed by one quadrupole of the array. Such arrays may be incorporated in various devices wherein beams of charged particles are accelerated or transported, such as linear accelerators, klystron tubes, beam transport lines, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electron discharge device in which radio frequency energy is generated or amplified by high speed electrons traveling in a beam along the axis of a waveguide and subjected to a periodic magnetic field. The periodic field causes the electrons to travel in periodic orbits producing electromagnetic energy. When suitably adjusted, the energy in the beam is converted into electromagnetic energy of a given frequency. The device herein disclosed has an improved magnetic structure for causing the beam to travel in a helical path and for focusing it as it pursues this path. The helical path is produced by a static, spatially circularly polarized transverse field. Focusing of the beam is achieved by a pair of similar helically disposed axial magnetic fields having mutually opposite polarization.

Abstract: A circuitless particle beam device for relatively high frequency amplifier r oscillator applications that eliminates the requirement for an internal RF slow wave structure. A circularly polarized RF energy wave propagates on a relatively high density particle beam within an oversized waveguide and interacts with the beam which exhibits a relatively high dielectric constant. The high density beam acts as an active dielectric waveguide serving the dual purpose of a slow wave circuit and amplification source, and accordingly guides and amplifies the RF energy when a condition of beam and wave synchronism is met.

Abstract: In a gyrotron microwave tube, electromagnetic leakage through beam-transmitting drift tubes is greatly reduced by making the diameter of the drift tubes in centimeters less than 8.8 divided by f where f is the operating frequency in gigahertz.

Abstract: Interference radiation produced by a color television tube during operation is reduced by incorporating a resistor of approximately 5 kOhm to 100 kOhm between a shadow mask and a conductive layer on the tube's display screen. This resistor reduces by 4-6 dB electromagnetic energy radiated by the tube in the frequency band of approximately 150 kHz to 1.5 MHz.

Abstract: An array of electrostatic quadrupoles, capable of providing strong electrostatic focusing simultaneously on multiple beams, is easily fabricated from a single array element comprising a support rod and multiple electrodes spaced at intervals along the rod. The rods are secured to four terminals which are isolated by only four insulators. This structure requires bias voltage to be supplied to only two terminals and eliminates the need for individual electrode bias and insulators, as well as increases life by eliminating beam plating of insulators.

Abstract: A gyrotron cavity resonator is connected smoothly and directly to an output waveguide with a very gradually tapered wall so that values of external Q lower than twice the diffraction limit are obtainable.

Abstract: An electron gun used in a cathode ray tube, for example, color television picture tube, is disclosed. The electron gun has a plurality of electrodes aligned in one direction along an axis of a neck portion of the cathode ray tube. Each of the electrodes is supplied with a suitable potential for focusing and accelerating an electron beam derived by a cathode. A resistance element which comprises a ceramic substrate coated with a layer of resistive material is provided along and adjacent to the electrodes in the cathode ray tube. One end of the resistance element is electrically connected to the anode potential, and another end is connected to a stem lead pin which is at a substantially low enough potential to avoid mutual electric discharge between stem lead pins. Suitable potential for the selective electrodes is derived from intermediate taps of the resistor and electrode material are composed of a mixture of RuO.sub.2 and glass frit.