Abstract: A power supply system for a motherboard includes a voltage regulator circuit includes a system power source, and a voltage output terminal, a sampling circuit having an input, and an output receiving a high level sleep signal from a south bridge of the motherboard, a switching circuit having an input, and an output, a power connector having a control terminal connected to the output of the switching circuit, and a power source being connected to the power connector. When the voltage regulator circuit outputs a voltage greater than a predetermined stable voltage to the sampling circuit, the sampling circuit outputs a low level signal to the switching circuit which in return outputs a high level signal to the control terminal of the power connector to cut off power supply from the power source to the system power source.

Abstract: An electrical circuit and method of power management of a cellular telephone includes a battery adapted to produce a battery voltage; a LDO regulator operatively connected to the battery and adapted to provide a constant supply voltage from the battery voltage; and a DC-DC converter operatively connected to the LDO regulator, wherein the DC-DC converter is adapted to step down the constant supply voltage to a lower voltage level, wherein the LDO regulator and the DC-DC converter are embedded on a single integrated circuit chip. The constant supply voltage equals 3.6V at an output of the LDO, and the constant supply voltage is applied to an input of the DC-DC converter. Moreover, the battery voltage equals at most 5.5V.

Abstract: A step-up converter includes input and output terminals, step-up conversion circuitry, a first feedback path and a drive circuit. The input terminals are configured to receive an input DC voltage and the output terminals configured to provide an output DC voltage. The step-up conversion circuitry is coupled between the input terminals and the output terminals and includes a switching element. The first feedback path has a regulator arrangement configured to provide a regulating signal which is dependent on the output voltage. The drive circuit is configured to provide a pulse-width-modulated drive signal for the switching element and is supplied with the regulating signal, wherein the drive circuit is configured to generate the drive signal in a manner that corresponds to the input voltage.

Abstract: According to the invention, as an input voltage of a certain step-up unit of a plurality of stages of step-up units, a stepped-up output of a step-up unit in a stage preceding the certain step-up unit is inputted. This makes it possible to increase the level of a voltage stepped up by each step-up unit, and reduce the number of units. Furthermore, according to the invention, when an output voltage of a step-up unit that performs stepping-up operation according to a reference constant current is lower than a reference voltage, a reference constant current is produced; when the output voltage thereof exceeds the reference voltage, the reference constant current is stopped. This makes it possible to provide stable output of an output voltage at a predetermined level, and reduce an inrush current during start-up to a predetermined current level.

Abstract: An output voltage VC obtained by boosting an input voltage VIN by means of a charge pump control circuit 3 of a charge pump 102 is supplied as a power supply voltage to a control circuit 4 of a step-up converter. It is thus possible to eliminate the need for a conventional self-bias method, eliminate switching from startup oscillation to main oscillation of the conventional self-bias method upon startup, and overcome problems caused by the switching of oscillation states, thereby achieving switching power supply circuitry starting in a reliable and stable manner.

Abstract: A powering circuit of an AC-DC converter, for converting a high AC input voltage into a low DC output voltage to provide a load voltage in a stable DC bias range, includes a rectifier, a sensing circuit, a control switching circuit, and a voltage regulating capacitor. The rectifier has a primary side coupled to an AC power supply and a secondary side for outputting a DC power supply. The sensing circuit compares the AC input voltage with a preset reference voltage, and turns on a second switch in the control switching circuit when the AC input voltage is lower than the reference voltage, thereby providing a low DC output voltage. The control switching circuit sustains the DC output voltage in a stable DC bias range. Therefore, in addition to reducing the power consumption of the second switch, this circuit structure is simple and can achieve the purpose of circuit integration.

Abstract: A high voltage power supply for use in a system such as a microfluidics system, uses a DC-DC converter in parallel with a voltage-controlled resistor. A feedback circuit provides a control signal for the DC-DC converter and voltage-controlled resistor so as to regulate the output voltage of the high voltage power supply, as well as, to sink or source current from the high voltage supply.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for performing power conversion operations in a portable device are used to convert an input voltage to a voltage at an output. The conversion operations use a two-stage conversion to convert the input voltage to a first voltage and to convert the first voltage to a second voltage. A switching frequency is altered with changes in the input voltage. The switching frequency is selected based on the input voltage level and/or to maintain a substantially consistent ripple at the output, which can correspond to the first voltage and/or the second voltage.

Abstract: In a method and system for regulating an output voltage, a linear voltage regulator (LVR) includes an adjustable shunt regulator (ASR) having a limited gain, a feedback circuit (FC), and a compensation resistor (CR). The limited gain causes the output voltage of the ASR to change in response to a change in an input current of the ASR. The FC generates a feedback voltage reference in proportion to the output voltage, the feedback voltage reference being provided to the ASR to control the output voltage. The CR is coupled to the ASR and the FC. The input current flows through the CR to provide a compensating voltage across the CR. The compensating voltage is provided to the feedback circuit to compensate the limited gain, thereby providing the output voltage that is substantially independent of the input current.

Abstract: An improved structure of a power supply mainly discloses three PSR solutions based on a PWM controller that is used in charger/adapter solutions, in which a low voltage PNP transistor and zener diode composes error signal amplification circuit, or ?431 typed shunt regulators senses and amplifies the input error signal caused by the changes of load or line voltage, or one diode and two resistors form sense circuit of error signal. These PSR solutions employ a transformer, in which the input side of the transformer is connected to an AC input and PWM controller, and the output side of the transformer is connected to a rectified diode. The present invention further provides low cost PSR solutions with higher system reliability, better line/load regulation, and short circuit characteristic.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a primary power supply having an input, an output and a mode selection input. The mode selection input is operative to switch the power supply between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation. While in the first mode of operation voltage is regulated within a predefined criterion. While in the second mode of operation, voltage at the output is allowed to vary beyond the predefined criteria.

Abstract: A power equalization circuit in a transformer-based device having a plurality of isolated voltage outputs is provided. The circuit comprises: a threshold detection circuit configured to receive an error signal derived from a selected voltage at one of the isolated voltage outputs, and to determine whether the selected voltage is above a voltage threshold based on the error signal; a timer circuit configured to activate a wait signal after a maximum voltage drift time has expired since the selected voltage rose above the voltage threshold, and to activate a wink signal coincident with the wait signal; an overdrive current source configured to drive an error current to an overdriven value in response to the wait signal; and a commutator circuit connected to a transistor winding associated with the selected isolated voltage output, the commutator being configured to connect a transformer secondary winding to ground in response to the wink signal.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a die having an output control circuit to interact with an output circuit to convert a source voltage into at least one output voltage. The die may also have a converter circuit to convert the output voltage into at least one additional output voltage.

Abstract: A switched-capacitor regulator is provided for regulating the output voltage of a voltage supply. The switched-capacitor regulator includes a supply input terminal capable of receiving a supply voltage, two or more flying capacitors, a regulation switch located between each flying capacitor and the supply input terminal, and a voltage control circuit. The activity of the regulation switches is controlled by the voltage control circuit. In one embodiment of the invention, the voltage control circuit includes a feedback resistance area having one or more feedback resistors located between the output of the flying capacitors and a ground terminal, a first gain stage connected to the feedback resistance area, and two or more second switchable gain stages, which are each connected to a regulation switch and the first gain stage. The switched-capacitor regulator operates in pseudo-continuous regulator mode using three-stage switchable operational amplifiers with time-multiplexed pole-splitting compensation.

Abstract: A load line regulated switched-mode power converter supplies an output voltage and an output current to a load. The power converter includes an inductor, a switch coupled to the inductor, a first impedance, a second impedance, and a power converter controller. The power converter controller includes a first sense circuit to obtain momentary information on a first current which flows through the first impedance, and which is related to the output current. A difference between a zero load voltage and the output voltage is determined to obtain a difference level. A second sense circuit supplies further information on a second current which flows through the second impedance, and which is related to the first current. An integrator integrates a difference between the further information and the difference level to obtain a correction signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a charge pump boosting an input voltage and outputting the boosted voltage to a load, and a charge pump control circuit outputting a voltage to the charge pump based on the output voltage of the charge pump and determining an upper limit value of a current to be output to the charge pump based on the output voltage of the charge pump.

Abstract: This patent specification describes a switching regulator which includes a step-up/step-down unit configured to generate an output voltage by stepping up or down an input voltage in accordance with a control signal, and a control unit configured to cause the step-up/step-down unit to perform the step-up or step-down operation.

Abstract: A device for providing power to suppress transient load demands and a system including the device are disclosed. The device includes a sense circuit to detect when a transient event occurs and one or more transistors configured to supply or sink current to the load. The system may include a second power regulator configured to respond to fast transient power demands. In this case, a first power regulator supplies power to the load and responds to slow transient events, while the second regulator responds only to fast transient events.

Abstract: Many power converters operate with an input voltage that has a normal range of voltage that is quite narrow, for example, commercial ac voltage or from a regulated upstream power converter. To accommodate transient and abnormal conditions, power converters are often designed for a wide range of input voltage, which seriously compromises their efficiency at nominal voltage. This invention teaches a power converter that is optimized for the normal operating voltage range. A variable dc-dc transformer and a buck derived modulator are used in series. The buck circuit is most efficient at high duty cycles, and for normal input voltage, the buck converter may be saturated at 100 percent duty cycle. The duty cycle of the buck converter is reduced to accommodate over voltage transients. Efficiency is compromised, but the duration is short, so that is acceptable. For normal and under voltage conditions, the effective turns ratio of the variable dc-dc transformer is modulated to effect control.

Abstract: A switching power supply with protection function includes a transistor controlled to be on or off by a PWM signal from a PWM controller to convert a DC voltage into a square wave signal, a filter filtering the square wave signal into an output voltage signal, the output voltage signal being fed back to the PWM controller to be compared with a predetermined voltage, and a switch device having an input terminal for receiving the output voltage signal from the filter, an output terminal for connecting to a load, and a control terminal. If the voltage of the output voltage signal from the filter is not equal to the predetermined output voltage, the PWM controller will not output a signal to the control terminal of the switch device and the switch device will be in an off state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for regulating a synchronous rectifier DC-to-DC converter by adjusting one or more existing synchronous rectifiers in the converter are provided. By regulating an existing synchronous rectifier, the rectifier may function as a modulator for post regulation over a limited range of output voltages suitable for load regulation, without introducing an additional conversion stage for post regulation, which typically decreases efficiency and power density. Independent post regulation of an existing synchronous rectifier may improve the load regulation, reduce output voltage ripple, and improve the transient response of the converter. By operating independently from the main control loop, post regulation may most likely avoid the limitations of the main control loop, such as limited gain bandwidth and a relatively slow transient response. Such post regulation may be added to isolated or non-isolated switched-mode power supplies, such as forward or buck converters.

Abstract: A high efficiency voltage regulator for generating a regulated output voltage from an AC power source is disclosed. It includes a switch coupled to a voltage source from the AC power source to provide a supply voltage. An input detection circuit is coupled to the voltage source to turn off the switch when the voltage level of the voltage source is higher than a threshold voltage. An output detection circuit is connected to the supply voltage to turn off the switch once the voltage level of the supply voltage is higher than an output-over-voltage threshold. The switch can only be turned on when the voltage level of the voltage source is lower than the threshold voltage and the voltage level of the supply voltage is lower than a hysteresis threshold.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a voltage up-conversion circuit includes a modulated voltage generator circuit, where the modulated voltage generator circuit is configured to receive an input voltage and generate a modulated voltage, and where the modulated voltage generator circuit includes at least one transistor. The voltage up-conversion circuit further includes a switching circuit coupled to the modulated voltage generator circuit, where the switching circuit is configured to couple the modulated voltage to a load capacitor when the modulated voltage is at a high level and decouple the modulated voltage to the load capacitor when the modulated voltage is at a low level. In the voltage up-conversion circuit, the load capacitor reaches a voltage greater a breakdown voltage of the at least one transistor in the modulated voltage generator circuit. The breakdown voltage can be a reliability breakdown voltage.

Abstract: An interconnection inverter device includes a pair of capacitors connected in series to a pair of direct-current buses each connecting a direct-current power supply and the inverter; an opening/closing unit connected to either one of the pair of direct-current buses; voltage monitor units that monitor terminal voltages of the pair of capacitors respectively; and a controller that controls opening or closing of the opening/closing unit based on monitor voltages detected by the voltage monitor units.

Abstract: An active linear regulator circuit in parallel with a filter capacitor of a switching voltage regulator injects current to a load only when the switching regulator and capacitor cannot supply adequate current to follow high frequency load transients in a manner which is compatible with adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) requirements. control of current injection and determination of the insufficiency of current from the switching regulator and capacitors is achieved by impedance matching of the linear regulator to the switching regulator. The linear regulator thus operates at relatively low current and duty cycle to limit power dissipation therein. By matching impedances and increasing the bandwidth of the switching regulator, filter capacitor requirements can be reduced to the point of being met entirely by packaging and/or on-die capacitors which may be placed close to or at the point of load to reduce parasitic inductance, as can the linear regulator.

Abstract: A power regulator with a constant-voltage output is provided, which includes a voltage regulator module and a voltage buffer module, wherein the voltage regulator module is spaced from a load by the voltage buffer module, so that an output voltage of the voltage regulator module is not affected by the current of the load, thereby enhancing the output precision of the power regulator.

Abstract: A protection device for a converter includes at least one power switch that operates for a first time period from the time the overload or short-circuit in the converter has been detected. The protection device includes circuitry to control the power switch to minimize the power deliverable by the converter for a second time period from the end of the first operating time period, as well as circuitry to shut down the converter after the second time period.

Abstract: An active linear regulator circuit in parallel with a filter capacitor of a switching voltage regulator injects current to a load only when the switching regulator and capacitor cannot supply adequate current to follow high frequency load transients in a manner which is compatible with adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) requirements. control of current injection and determination of the insufficiency of current from the switching regulator and capacitors is achieved by impedance matching of the linear regulator to the switching regulator. The linear regulator thus operates at relatively low current and duty cycle to limit power dissipation therein. By matching impedances and increasing the bandwidth of the switching regulator, filter capacitor requirements can be reduced to the point of being met entirely by packaging and/or on-die capacitors which may be placed close to or at the point of load to reduce parasitic inductance, as can the linear regulator.

Abstract: A voltage comparator of a power supply apparatus detects overshoot by comparing an output voltage with a threshold voltage. The power supply apparatus is provided with three switches. Upon detection of overshoot, the boosting operation of a booster circuit is suspended and the first through third switches are turned on. While the boosting operation is being suspended, the second switch operates to lower the output voltage. Concurrently, the first and third switches operate to forcibly lower an input voltage to allow the output voltage, occurring after the boosting operation is resumed, to approach a preset voltage.

Abstract: An input-tracking and automatic output-margining system and method including: a logic board having a first load, a second load, and a first regulator disposed thereon; and a power supply having a bulk power source, a precision reference voltage, and a second regulator disposed therein; the first load supplied by a first voltage generated by the power supply, and the second load supplied by a second voltage generated by the first regulator; wherein a reference input to the first regulator comprises a first feedback voltage derived from the first voltage, such that a change in the value of the first voltage is tracked by the second voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a control power supply capable of stably operating to output a desired voltage as electric power, even when the input voltage thereof varies over a wide range. A power supply includes a rectification circuit 2 for rectifying the AC output from a power generator 1 and a non-insulation type DC/DC converter 3 for stepping down the DC output from the rectification circuit 2. A self-excited oscillation type converter (RCC) 4 is provided at the following stage of the non-insulation type DC/DC converter 3. The input voltage which has been stepped down by the converter 3 is input to the primary side of the RCC 4, and the RCC 4 stably operates with the input voltage which varies largely to supply, from its secondary side, a power supply to an ECU 5 or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a safety barrier for limiting the current and voltage of an electrical consumer (15) connected downstream thereof. The safety barrier comprises an input terminal (8) and an output terminal (16) and an input and output terminal (10, 17) of a common line (12), and has at least one voltage and current-limiting device (7, 13, 14), which comprises a fuse (F1), a voltage-limiting device (D3) that is associated with the common line (12), a current-limiting device (R6) that is connected to the output of the common line and an additional protection circuit that is located in front of the voltage and current-limiting device (7, 13, 14).

Abstract: Techniques pertaining to a voltage regulator with a current limiting circuit having low quiescent current are disclosed.

Abstract: A real time clock (RTC) voltage regulator, a method of regulating an RTC voltage and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). In one embodiment, an RTC voltage regulator includes a current source configured to provide a first current and a voltage regulator having a common gate amplifier and a power device. The first current is employed to establish a reference voltage for the common gate amplifier and the common gate amplifier is configured to control the power device. The power device is configured to provide an RTC voltage for the common gate amplifier.

Abstract: A two-step charger includes an AC/DC power supply, a transformer, a compensator, a controller, a comparator and an isolating controller. The comparator detects whether a battery is connected to the transformer. If so, a command voltage of the charger is set at a high level. Since the battery voltage is lower than the command voltage, the controller orders the compensator to send out a compensating current. The current entering the primary side of the transformer is increased to promote the output current from the secondary side of the transformer. Once the comparator detects that the battery reaches as high as the charger, the command voltage is adjusted to a low level. The controller orders the compensator to stop outputting the compensating current. Therefore, a larger current can speed up battery charging. Once the battery is fully charged, the charging voltage is lowered to avoid high temperature.

Abstract: A versatile voltage regulator accommodates either an Alkaline or Lithium-Ion battery main battery and provides low-current power for a real time clock module and for charging a backup battery. Depending upon the battery power source that is used, the present invention provides a best circuit configuration for efficient power conversion. If the power converter according to the present invention provides a regulated output voltage that is greater than the main battery voltage of an Alkaline battery, a low drop-out-voltage (LDO) voltage regulator is used in feedback loop with a charge pump. Otherwise, for a Lithium-Ion battery, only a LDO voltage regulator is used. The voltage regulator includes a series low drop-out-voltage (LDO) voltage regulator that is coupled between the main external battery and the vout load terminal, when the voltage at the vout load terminal is less than the voltage of the main external battery.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes an inductor, a synchronous rectifier (SR) connected to the inductor, and an active switch connected to the inductor and the SR. An active resonant tank (ART) cell is connected to the SR or a transformer in parallel such that a resonant capacitor of the ART cell is charged through the active switch and discharged through the synchronous rectifier so that during a switch transition period energy is pumped out of the resonant capacitor by activating the ART cell to eliminate reverse recovery switching loss and achieve Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS).

Abstract: The present invention is an AC/DC (alternating current to direct current) converter. The converter contains two semi-stages. One is the boost-flyback semi-stage that has excellent self-PFC property when operating in DCM even though the boost output is close to the peak value of the line voltage. Moreover, it allows part input power transferred to load directly through the flyback path so the power conversion efficiency is improved. The other one is the D/DC semi-stage that provides another parallel power flow path and improves the regulation speed.

Abstract: A circuit (20) for powering a load (50) includes a rectifier circuit (200), a voltage clamping circuit (300), and a DC-to-DC converter (400) such as a buck-boost converter. Voltage clamping circuit (300) is coupled between the rectifier circuit (200) and the DC-to-DC converter (400), and functions to prevent the input voltage (VIN) of the DC-to-DC converter (400) from exceeding a predetermined acceptable level, so as to protect the DC-to-DC converter (400) from damage due to transients in a voltage (VAC) provided by an AC line source (40). Preferably, voltage clamping circuit (300) is realized by an arrangement that includes a voltage divider circuit (320), a voltage sensing circuit (340), and an energy-limiting circuit (360), and is well-suited for use in power supplies and in electronic ballasts for powering gas discharge lamps.

Abstract: A switched-mode power supply (200, 300, 400) comprises a primary side, a secondary side and a transformer (103, 303, 403) therebetween. An output on the secondary side delivers an output voltage and an output current to a load. An output voltage control circuit (110, 113, 801) keeps the output voltage at a first level, corresponding to a first output current value. A circuit element (201, 301, 401) integrates over time a voltage obtained from the transformer (103, 303, 403) and produces a signal indicative of the integrated voltage, corresponding to a second output current value that is smaller than the first output current value. An output voltage modifier (113, 601, 801) responds to the signal by changing the output voltage from the first level to a second level.

Abstract: A DC/DC voltage converter includes an inductive switching voltage regulator and a capacitive charge pump connected in series between the input and output terminals of the converter. The charge pump has a second input terminal connected to the input terminal of the converter. This reduces the series resistance in the current path by which charge is transferred from the capacitor in the charge pump to the output capacitor and thereby improves the ability of the converter to respond to rapid changes in current required by the load.

Abstract: A switching pre-regulator for a bulk capacitor filter followed by a series pass regulator has a switching element controller that relies upon a large desirable leakage inductance in a main secondary winding of a power transformer acting as a swinging choke input to the bulk capacitive filter. This desirable leakage inductance limits inrush current and supplies some filtering. However, the effective value of the swinging choke is a function of load conditions, and introduces a varying phase shift that would potentially disturb the zero crossing detection used in properly activating the switching element.

Abstract: A device, a system, and a method for preventing power-producing wind turbine generators from tripping due to the detection of a low-voltage condition on a power grid are disclosed. The disclosed device includes a resistor bank that absorbs real power and a control system that maintains the collector bus voltage above a threshold voltage level during the duration of low-voltage condition on the power grid. Collector bus voltage is maintained using gating signals that include phase delay angles to adjust the opening/closing of the switching devices.

Abstract: A switching regulator includes a power stage, an output capacitor, a first reference voltage generator, a comparator, a constant-time trigger, an error amplifier, and an operator. The power stage includes a first switch, a second switch, and an output inductor. The comparator is coupled to the output inductor and the operator for receiving an output voltage and a compensation reference voltage. The error amplifier is coupled to the output inductor and the reference voltage generator. The constant-time trigger is coupled to the comparator and the power stage. The operator is coupled to the reference voltage generator and the error amplifier.

Abstract: A linear voltage regulator is provided. The linear voltage regulator includes a first circuit configured to receive the first voltage from a voltage source and to remove frequency components of the first voltage in a first frequency range to obtain an output voltage at a primary output node. The linear voltage regulator further includes a second circuit having first and second inverters electrically coupled to the primary output node of the first circuit. The second circuit is configured to receive the output voltage and to remove frequency components of the output voltage in a second frequency range. The second frequency range is greater than the first frequency range.

Abstract: A method for regulating a voltage using a linear voltage regulator is provided. The linear voltage regulator has a first circuit with a primary output node and a second circuit having first and second inverters electrically coupled to the primary output node. The method includes receiving a first voltage from a voltage source at the first circuit. The method further includes removing frequency components of the first voltage in a first frequency range to obtain an output voltage at the primary output node utilizing the first circuit. The method further includes removing frequency components of the output voltage in a second frequency range utilizing the first and second inverters of the second circuit, the second frequency range being greater than the first frequency range.

Abstract: A voltage regulator is disclosed having a switching regulator portion and an LDO regulator portion on a single chip. The switching portion switches one or more transistors at a high frequency to supply a voltage to a terminal of a series transistor of an LDO regulator. A second terminal of the series transistor provides the output voltage of the LDO regulator. The LDO regulator controls the conductivity of the series transistor to regulate the LDO regulator output voltage to be a desired fixed value. To minimize power dissipation in the series transistor, a feedback signal is taken from the series transistor indicating the level of saturation of the series transistor. This feedback signal is used by the switching regulator to adjust the switching regulator's output voltage such that the voltage supplied to the series transistor is close to the output voltage of the LDO.

Abstract: A low-ripple power supply includes a storage capacitor coupled across load terminals, and an inductor connected to a source of voltage including a varying or pulsatory component and a direct component, for causing a flow of current to said capacitor through the inductor. The varying component of the inductor current flowing in the capacitor results in ripple across the load. A winding is coupled to the inductor for generating a surrogate of the varying inductor current. The surrogate current is added to the inductor current to cancel or reduce the magnitude of the varying current component. This cancellation effectively reduces the varying current component flowing in the storage capacitor, which in turn reduces the ripple appearing across the load terminals.

Abstract: A single chip hybrid regulator is disclosed having a first stage being a switching regulator and a second stage being a linear regulator. The switching regulator uses a filter circuit including an inductor and a capacitor. To make the hybrid regulator very small, the inductor value is selected so that the inductor saturates at a current level well below the maximum load current for the regulator. At low load currents, the small inductor does not saturate, and the regulated voltage applied to the input of the linear regulator presents only a small differential voltage across the series transistor of the linear regulator, resulting in very little power being wasted by the series transistor. At higher currents, the small inductor begins to saturate or fully saturates; however, the increased ripple is smoothed by the linear regulator.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes a DC-to-DC converter performing a voltage conversion converting a voltage of a source power supplied from a direct current power source to a first predetermined voltage lower than the voltage of the source power and a voltage regulator carrying out a voltage regulation for regulating the first predetermined voltage of the source power output from the DC-to-DC converter to at least a second predetermined voltage lower than the first predetermined voltage.