Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio signals transmitter.The transmitter according to the invention comprises a pulse train generator including a quartz oscillator, generating a high frequency signal which is provided to a transistor 7 controlled by the charge and the discharge of a condensor 5 acting on the voltage of its base. A train of A.C. frequency pulses is thereby produced.The generator is protected by a housing which is worn around the neck of the user by means of a chain forming a quarter wavelength antenna.The present invention is used as a portable distress signals transmitter for isolated persons, such as skiers, mountaineers or other people in difficulty.

Abstract: An apparatus utilizing the basic oscillation characteristics of the Colpitts or Pierce and Hartley oscillator configurations. In this embodiment the basic shunt reactive shunt arms are replaced with a selected pair of tank circuits or one of the shunt arms with a series-parallel tank circuit.These tank circuits are tuned such that the sign of their effective reactances are the same between the range of resonant frequencies of the individual tank circuits or of the series and parallel resonant frequencies of the series-parallel tank. When this occurs and their sign differs from the sign of the effective reactance of the series reactive element, there is a 180.degree. signal phase shift in the feedback loop, and therefore oscillation.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit including an amplifier portion wherein the collector of a first switching transistor has a load connected thereto, means is provided for transmitting an output of the collector of the first switching transistor to the base thereof, means is provided for transmitting the output of the collector of the first switching transistor to the base of a second switching transistor, and the collector of the second switching transistor has a load connected thereto. A capacitive element is connected between the collector of the second switching transistor and the base of the first switching transistor of the amplifier portion so as to feedback an output of the second switching transistor to the first switching transistor to operate the circuit as an oscillator.

Abstract: In a microcomputer integrated circuit the option of selecting between an RC oscillator or a crystal oscillator for generating the clock for the microprocessor is made available. By making the selection during the manufacturing process, external pin outs and chip area are minimized.

Abstract: A low frequency oscillator of the astable type having good frequency stability, fast starting, good immunity to DC loading, and suitable for fabrication in integrated circuit form. First and second switching transistors of the astable multivibrator are cross-coupled by a coupling capacitor and a frequency determining crystal. Base drive to the respective switching transistors and charging current to the capacitor and crystal are provided by a pair of differential amplifiers which are referenced to a forward biased diode. The differential amplifiers are also connected to respective collector terminals of the switching transistors. The capacitor is of small value suitable for containment within an integrated circuit with the oscillator circuit. The differential amplifiers substantially increase the impedance levels in the oscillator and shift base drive to the switching transistors to minimize the effects of DC loading at the output terminals of the oscillator.

Abstract: Positive feedback is applied from the piezo-electric vibrator in an ultrasonic nebulizer to the control electrode in the oscillator circuit for improved performance.

Abstract: First and second NPN transistors are direct connected in an astable multivibrator configuration. Each collector is connected to the positive terminal of a DC power source through series connected diodes. A resistor, which is selected to control the amplitude of oscillation, is connected between the collectors. The frequency of oscillation is controlled by a frequency determining component which is connected between the emitters of said transistors. The emitters are connected to current sources.

Abstract: Noise potentials and radiation in an ultrasonic nebulizer are reduced by separating the oscillator and power supply and shielding the former, with one of the DC power lines to the oscillator passing through an aperture in the metal casing that shields the oscillator, while the other power supply line is connected to that casing. Oscillator control may be achieved by an unshielded variable resistor coupled by conductors of extended length to the oscillator by a filter circuit.

Abstract: The oscillation generator includes an oscillator circuit, a push-pull amplifier with inductive positive feedback connected in the circuit, a piezoceramic atomizer vibrator element, and a load-dependent regenerative feedback coupling connected to the circuit. The coupling is in the form of a tunable frequency-selective sensor having outputs connected to the inputs of the amplifier.

Abstract: A rapid start oscillator latch circuit for avoiding long start up time while maintaining minimum operating power for a crystal oscillator in an electronic watch. The oscillator is operated at a relatively high gain immediately after power is applied and until the oscillator is running, after which the oscillator is caused to operate under the normally preferred conditions. A power up pulse sets a latch and the latch is reset by either a pulse from the prescaler or a manual input. When the latch is set, the oscillator circuit is modified for quick start-up. After the oscillator is running, it activates the prescaler, and after several cycles of clock inputs to the prescaler, an output from the prescaler or a manual input resets the latch and the oscillator is returned to its normal operating condition.

Abstract: Voltage or current or power supplied to the piezo-electric vibrator of an ultrasonic nebulizer is sensed and used as negative feedback to stabilize oscillation in the oscillator driving circuit.

Abstract: A crystal reference oscillator with improved g-sensitivity is realized through the use of an appropriately oriented single axis accelerometer. Components of acceleration normal to the plane of zero g-sensitivity of the oscillator are sensed by the accelerometer which returns a correction voltage to the electronic frequency control input of the oscillator. A model is developed that permits determination of accelerometer position relative to the oscillator without prior knowledge of crystal orientation.

Abstract: A filter circuit whose cut-off frequency is easily controlled and which can be manufactured as an integrated circuit. The base electrode of a first transistor is connected to an input terminal by a reactance element, such as a capacitor. Second and third transistors are connected in differential amplifier configuration, and a current source is connected to the common connection of the emitter electrodes thereof. The emitter electrode of the first transistor is connected to the base electrode of the second transistor and the base electrode of the first transistor is connected to the collector electrode of the second transistor. An output terminal is connected to at least one of the collector and emitter electrodes of the first transistor.

Abstract: A control voltage for a crystal oscillation circuit is formed by adding two separately generated voltages. One of these voltages is proportionally variable with changes of temperature. The other voltage generally follows the temperature-frequency slope characteristic of the crystal unit. A use of such a control voltage eliminates the requirement for designing specific voltage generator circuits for each respective type of crystal oscillator, thereby enabling a substantial reduction in the cost of manufacture.

Abstract: A semiconductor element having a MOS-capacitor between a zone provided in an epitaxial layer on a substrate and a conductive layer on an insulating layer above the zone is utilized in a structure comprising a tunable oscillator having a differential amplifier, a current distributor controlled by a control voltage, a phase shifting element comprising the MOS-capacitor and a feedback path present between the phase shifting element and an input of the differential amplifier. The feedback path comprises a quartz oscillator and an emitter-follower transistor. The stray capacitance between the zone and a substrate of the opposite conductivity type is considerably reduced by a further zone of the opposite conductivity type which is applied to a fixed potential through a connection electrode. This connection point is for the supply voltage of the circuit, while the further zone of the first conductivity type is connected parallel to the emitter-base current path of the emitter-follower transistor.

Abstract: A temperature compensated crystal oscillator having a crystal resonator uses a single thermistor and no expensive varactor. The compensation circuit includes, a low temperature compensation circuit consisting of a first fixed capacitor and a first diode in series, a high temperature compensation circuit consisting of a second fixed capacitor and a second diode in series, and an intermediate temperature compensating circuit consisting of a third capacitor having a negative temperature coefficient. All three circuits are in parallel with each other and in series with the crystal resonator of the oscillator. A thermistor is connected to the anodes of both diodes and biasing resistors and connected to the cathode of the second diode whereby a temperature dependent forward bias is applied to the first diode at all temperatures and to the second diode only at the high temperatures.

Abstract: An oscillator including a resonator having a primary feedback loop for causing oscillations to occur at a desired frequency and a secondary feedback loop including a multiplier for causing variations of said frequency in response to an input signal manifestation. Spectral purity is enhanced and potential overtone oscillations are suppressed by a cascade connection of lag networks in the primary loop which exhibit a low-pass transfer characteristic and provide at least .pi. radians of phase shift, one of the networks being shared in common with the secondary loop for supplying a quadrature signal to the multiplier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for minimizing the noise component of the output signal from a resonator oscillator. A single transistor or Darlington pair of transistors in the common base configuration is placed in series with the crystal resonator of the oscillator with a selected output load impedance connected between the base and collector of the transistors. By making use of this configuration, it is possible to use the crystal resonator as an initial filter to minimize the noise component of the output signal contributed by the oscillator loop as well as minimizing the inherent noise component from the output buffer amplifiers in the output signal.

Abstract: A method and a circuit for stably driving an ultrasonic transducer by sweeping, as a first step of starting the oscillation, the oscillating frequency over a range wider than a PLL followable range, finding a resonant point to lock the oscillating frequency thereto, and effecting, as a second step, the PLL following operation starting from the above resonant point.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer frequency self-calibration system interrogates the transducer by driving it with various frequencies within a specified range while monitoring the transducer output power level. Two threshold frequency points are identified at which the output power level is at a predetermined threshold level less than the expected maximum output level, and the average of these two threshold frequencies is taken to be the optimum frequency.

Abstract: A Colpitts type quartz crystal oscillator comprises a resonant circuit consisting of two capacitors connected in series across a quartz crystal, the latter serving as an inductive element. The resonant circuit is connected between the base and collector of a transistor, with the junction of the capacitors being connected to the emitter of the transistor to provide feedback. Means are provided to increase the gain of the transistor and thereby the driving excitation of the crystal above a normal value for a brief length of time after the oscillator is initially energized.

Abstract: An integratable circuit is utilized for generating a temperature varying control voltage to be applied to a varactor diode to temperature compensate a crystal oscillator. The temperature compensating circuit has a middle range circuit for creating a substantially linear current versus temperature variation in a middle temperature range, a cold-temperature range circuit operative below a predetermined temperature for creating a non-linear current versus temperature variation a hot-temperature range circuit operative above a predetermined temperature for creating a non-linear current versus temperature variation and circuitry for summing said currents and generating a voltage proportional to the current sum. The control circuit, which requires a regulated supply voltage, uses a diode string and differential amplifiers to generate the desired current versus temperature variation.

Abstract: A tank circuit including a quartz vibrator and a phase shifter connected to the tank circuit for forming a vector signal e.sub.1 from the tank circuit and a vector signal e.sub.2 delayed a predetermined angle from the signal e.sub.1. A differential circuit is used to subtract e.sub.1 from e.sub.2 thus forming a difference signal e.sub.3. The delayed signal e.sub.2 is inverted by a phase inverting circuit to obtain two signals e.sub.2 and -e.sub.2 which are applied to an addition circuit where their relative amplitude ratio is controlled. The addition circuit adds signal e.sub.3 to the signals e.sub.2 and e.sub.3 whose relative amplitude ratio has been controlled for producing a sum signal which is fed back to the tank circuit.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit including an amplifier portion wherein the collector of a first switching transistor has a load connected thereto, means is provided for transmitting an output of the collector of the first switching transistor to the base thereof, means is provided for transmitting the output of the collector of the first switching transistor to the base of a second switching transistor, and the collector of the second switching transistor has a load connected thereto. A capacitive element is connected between the collector of the second switching transistor and the base of the first switching transistor of the amplifier portion so as to feedback an output of the second switching transistor to the first switching transistor to operate the circuit as an oscillator.

Abstract: A Colpitts type quartz crystal oscillator comprises a resonant circuit consisting of two capacitors connected in series across a quartz crystal, the latter serving as an inductive element. The resonant circuit is connected between the base and collector of a transistor, with the junction of the capacitors being connected to the emitter of the transistor to provide feedback. Means are provided to increase the gain of the transistor and thereby the driving excitation of the crystal above a normal value for a brief length of time after the oscillator is initially energized.

Abstract: An oscillator is disclosed having a one-stage amplifier and a quartz crystal resonator which operates in series resonance with a L-C oscillating circuit. An oscillating circuit which is tuned to a harmonic of the oscillator frequency is also provided which is connected via a filter device to an output of the amplifier stage. A switching device is provided which short circuits the oscillating circuit tuned to a harmonic as and when required.

Abstract: In a high frequency oscillator circuit, or other high frequency circuit, utilizing a crystal, the physical capacitance C.sub.o, of the crystal may be neutralized and the impedance match of the crystal to the remaining circuit achieved over a range of variations in the crystal and varacter parameters by connecting two inductance coils as an auto transformer and disposing them in end to end relationship on a common form across the crystal with a movable metallic slug interiorly thereof for varying the reactance of one coil relative to the other to achieve the desired deviation to reactance response. The overall reactance of the auto transformer remains constant and thus the C.sub.o compensation is not altered.

Abstract: A field effect transistor is used in the bias circuit of an oscillation transistor of a piezo-electric oscillator, and a diode is connected between the gate electrode of the field effect transistor and the base electrode of the oscillation transistor with a polarity to pass current from the gate electrode to the base electrode. The source electrode of the field effect transistor is connected to the base electrode of the oscillation transistor and the drain electrode of the field effect transistor is connected to a power source.

Abstract: An amplifier-oscillator frequency multiplier apparatus utilizing a pair of servo-connected amplifiers which are electronically switchable to provide either a coherent amplifier or a non-coherent oscillator.

Abstract: An oscillator for producing an output whose frequency varies in correspondence with changes in the level of an input voltage, and which includes a base or clock oscillator operating at a fixed frequency, a counter operable to count a predetermined number of oscillations of said base oscillator to thereby measure a base time period, a ramp generator controlled by the input voltage signal and acting to produce a voltage ramp continuing for a period whose duration varies in accordance with variations in the level of the voltage signal, and means for producing an oscillating output signal having a period which includes a combination of the base period as determined by the counter and the variable period measured by the ramp generator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus utilizing a quartz crystal resonator with an orientation substantially equal to (yxwl) 21.93.degree./33.93.degree. vibrating simultaneously in two thickness modes to provide a stable frequency signal source. By combining a quartz crystal resonator of the above type with either digital or analog compensation, the frequency-temperature deviation of one of the crystal mode frequencies is used as an internal thermometer and the second crystal mode frequency as a reference frequency signal. The frequency signal for the thermometer function is utilized by the compensation network to stabilize the frequency of the reference signal. Additionally, the analog or digital compensation is accomplished by means of either a curve-fitting routine or an interpolation look-up table routine.

Abstract: A crystal oscillator is provided a portion of which is fabricated in monolithic integrated circuit form. The circuit is temperature-compensated and utilizes a single 5 volt DC power supply compatible with NMOS and TTL voltage levels. The duty cycle of the oscillator may be varied between approximately 30 and 70 percent.

Abstract: A network of impedance elements comprising combinations of resistors and capacitors in which the impedance of the network is modified by the selective destruction of the individual elements of the network by electrical impulses. The selective destruction of the individual elements may be planned so as to result in any combination of shorting or opening thereof.In a specific application the frequency of the oscillator used in a digital watch is adjusted by the inclusion of a network of impedance elements, wherein the elements are then selectively destroyed in accordance with measurements of the oscillator frequency to improve the precision of oscillation. This selective destruction of elements may be done automatically by electrical means, resulting in less labor, greater speed and smaller size of the oscillator, all of which are extremely important in the manufacture of digital watches. The method also simplifies the production of digital watches.

Abstract: A crystal-controlled oscillator of integrated circuit design, comprising, a three-stage direct-coupled amplifier employing insulated gate field-effect-transistors and overall resistive negative (DC) feedback for bias stabilization thereof. The oscillator is designed to operate at a frequency at which the reactive network, including the inherent interelectrode capacitances of the field-effect-transistors, of the amplifier results in a loop phase shift which satisfies the Barkhausen Criterion.

Abstract: The present invention is an audible alarm unit including a coil, a resistor, an NPN transistor, and a piezoelectric transducer having first and second electrodes and a feedback electrode. The collector and emitter of the transistor and the coil are connected in series between positive and negative terminals of a direct current power source. The base of the transistor is connected to the collector through the resistor. The first and second electrodes of the piezoelectric transducer are connected either to both ends of the coil or to the collector and emitter of the transistor, respectively. The feedback electrode of the piezoelectric transducer is connected to the base of the transistor.

Abstract: An overtone oscillator of the feedback type is provided by a transistor, a crystal resonant at a fundamental frequency and higher odd overtone frequencies, and a feedback circuit that includes the crystal, a second transistor connected in cascade with the first transistor and an RC network. This feedback circuit provides the correct phase shift to achieve and sustain oscillations at the desired overtone frequency.

Abstract: A linear sensitivity voltage controlled crystal oscillator of the type including a resonator coupled to a negative resistance generator. The resonator comprises a crystal connected in series with a voltage variable capacitance device. The response of the resonator is linearized by the addition of an inductance across the voltage variable capacitance device. A resistor is shunted across the crystal to prevent oscillation at spurious resonances of the resonator.

Abstract: A low-Q mechanical resonator is operated in its series resonance mode in a circuit that includes an amplifier and voltage variable phase shifter. As the phase shift is varied, the resonator will shift its frequency to compensate the phase shift. The result is a voltage variable oscillator frequency. The low-Q resonator has a non-linear phase versus frequency characteristic so that frequency is not a linear function of control voltage. A plural emitter transistor is employed in one side of a differential control amplifier. The resulting non-linear transfer characteristic is used to compensate the non-linear oscillator characteristic so that the frequency versus control voltage is linear.

Abstract: A resistor is connected to the source of a C-MOS inverter included within a crystal oscillator circuit in order to reduce the power dissipation in the crystal oscillator circuit. A switching transistor is connected in parallel to said resistor, said switching transistor being responsive to an LED display switch for enabling LED display or an illumination lamp switch for illuminating a liquid crystal display. The switching transistor shunts the resistor in response to actuation of the LED display switch or the illumination lamp.

Abstract: An electronic circuit which has a constant voltage circuit comprises a reference voltage generating circuit, a voltage controlled element receiving the signals from said reference voltage generating circuit which is composed of a plurality of MOS transistors, and a load circuit receiving said constant voltage circuit.

Abstract: A tank circuit including a quartz vibrator and a phase shifter connected to the tank circuit for forming a vector signal e.sub.1 from the tank circuit and a vector signal e.sub.2 delayed a predetermined angle from the signal e.sub.1. A differential circuit is used to subtract e.sub.1 from e.sub.2 thus forming a difference signal e.sub.3. The delayed signal e.sub.2 is inverted by a phase inverting circuit to obtain two signals e.sub.2 and -e.sub.2 which are applied to an addition circuit where their relative amplitude ratio is controlled. The addition cicuit adds signal e.sub.3 to the signals e.sub.2 and e.sub.3 whose relative amplitude ratio has been controlled for producing a sum signal which is fed back to the tank circuit.

Abstract: A phase locked loop system is described which controls and locks the frequency of a UHF transmitter to a desired frequency without the need for complex circuitry. A voltage controlled oscillator provides an output signal at the desired frequency and is controlled by an error signal from a phase detector. A harmonic resonator connected to the phase detector is tuned to a frequency which is approximately equal to the desired frequency but is displaced therefrom slightly in frequency. A reference frequency source at a subharmonic of the desired frequency is coupled to the resonator and the output signal is also coupled to the phase detector so as to generate the error signal which locks the voltage controlled oscillation precisely at the desired frequency.

Abstract: A phase detector circuit for use in a phase-lock loop is illustrated wherein a voltage pump is incorporated in the phase detector circuit so as to eliminate the utilization of a comparatively high voltage power supply which is normally required to sufficiently frequency modulate the variable frequency oscillator incorporated in most phase-lock loops.

Abstract: A CMOS oscillator including a first pair of series connected CMOS devices and second pair of series connected CMOS devices, a resistance connected to the source of one of said MOS devices of the first pair having a width to length ratio greater than the width to length ratio of the corresponding device of the second pair, and a series resonant frequency determining network. The resistance and the larger W/L MOS device determine the steady state operating current independent of other circuit elements. The gates of the one MOS device and corresponding MOS devices are connected to the drain of the corresponding device and the other MOS devices are connected as current mirrors.

Abstract: A crystal-controlled oscillator having a switching transistor connected in series with the crystal tank circuit and amplifier of the oscillator.Power consumption is reduced by minimizing the tank circuit capacitance being charged and discharged by the amplifier. The tank circuit capacitance is reintroduced into or coupled to the amplifier circuit during a submultiple oscillation period to receive regenerative feedback from said amplifier circuit to thereby replenish the tank circuit energy losses.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit comprising a transistor, a piezoelectric element and a D.C. source, such as a battery, said transistor being common collector mounted and said piezoelectric element being disposed between the base of said transistor and a first terminal of said D.C. source, characterized in that it is adapted so that the response of said oscillator is ensured by a capacitive impedance comprising exclusively the capacitance of the base-emitter junction of the transistor, the voltage of the source being at most equal to 1.5V.

Abstract: Crystal oscillators have been provided with a voltage sensitive capacitor or varactor which can be varied to improve the frequency stability of the oscillator over the desired range of temperature. A temperature compensator is provided for varying the voltage applied to the voltage sensitive capacitor as a function of temperature. The temperature compensator has a middle temperature range circuit, a cold temperature range circuit, and a hot temperature range circuit. The compensator can be constructed as an integrated circuit with external resistors which can be varied (or trimmed), and provides compensating voltages that stabilize the oscillator frequency over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: A quartz crystal oscillation circuit comprising an active oscillation element; a quartz crystal resonant element connected to the active oscillation element; first and second variable capacity diodes respectively connected in series and in parallel with the quartz crystal resonant element; and means connected to the quartz crystal resonant element for varying the frequency of the oscillation circuit.

Abstract: A frequency divider wherein an output from a crystal oscillating circuit comprising a crystal oscillating element and an inverter connected in parallel therewith is sent forth as a one-phase oscillation pulse for frequency division from the input or output side of the inverter to the .phi. input terminal of a counter formed of a plurality of insulated gate field effect transistors (hereinafter abbreviated "IGFET's"). The counter comprises a plurality of cascade-connected complementary unit circuits each consisting of a series circuit of IGFET's connected between power supply terminals with IGFET's disposed on one side of an imaginary border line connecting the input and output terminals of said complementary unit circuit chosen to have a different channel type from those provided on the other side of said border line, and wherein at least the first and last complementary unit circuits' IGFET's are provided in different numbers on both sides of said border line.

Abstract: An oscillator for producing an output signal having a predetermined frequency for use in an electronic timepiece. The oscillator comprises a miniature crystal vibrator having a high resonant frequency, a case housing the crystal vibrator, an integrated circuit comprising an oscillator circuit with the crystal vibrator, and a trimmer condenser for adjusting the high resonant frequency. The trimmer condenser is formed on an external recess portion of said case, and is connected with the crystal vibrator and integrated circuit by a circuit having low stray capacitances. The oscillator is therefor highly insensitive to external electric fields.