Abstract: A complementary inverter amplifier circuit comprising a complementary inverter including a p-channel MIS FET connected to a first source potential, an n-channel MIS FET connected to a second source potential, the gate of the two FETs being applied with a common linear input, respective load resistors connected to the drains of the complementary FETs, an output being derived from the interconnection point of the load resistors or from the drains of the FETs, and a bias resistor connected between the gate and the drain of each of the complementary FETs, the input being supplied to the gates of the FETs through respective capacitors. The p-channel FET and n-channel FET are individually biased so that the circuit may serve as a class B push pull amplifier of low power consumption.

Abstract: A high signal-to-noise crystal oscillator is provided, including a transistor and a crystal coupled across the input thereof. The oscillator further includes series connected capacitors coupled across the crystal and between the base electrode of the transistor and reference potential with the emitter coupled to the junction of said series connected capacitors. The value of the series connected capacitor is selected to be such that the ratio of the total capacitance between the emitter to ground to the total capacitance between the base and emitter electrodes is on the order of 5.4 to 1 to 3.9 to 1.

Abstract: A temperature-compensated crystal oscillator for correcting frequency variations caused by temperature changes by means of a differential amplifier which detects an unbalanced voltage in a bridge circuit including a temperature sensitive element for controlling a capacitance of a variable capacitor. The oscillator includes a circuit element having a temperature characteristic responsive to a temperature characteristic of the variable capacitor. The aforesaid circuit element is positioned in a current sink path of the differential amplifier.

Abstract: An active circuit is disclosed including an integrated circuit having at least one amplification stage comprising an FET. At least one negative feedback transistor is provided of the same conduction type as the amplifying transistor, with the drain-to-source path of the negative feedback transistor coupled in series between the drain and gate of the amplifying transistor. At least one biasing transistor of the same conduction type as the amplifying transistor are provided to bias the gate of the negative feedback transistor. The drain of the at least one biasing transistor is connected to a current source furnishing a current having a given ratio to the power supply current of the amplifying transistor. This circuit permits precise control of the small-signal resistance of the feedback transistor.

Abstract: In an exposure control circuit for a camera including a digital control circuit, a crystal oscillator is used as a pulse generator. Between the crystal oscillator and the power source is connected a small current supply circuit for constantly supplying a small current to the crystal oscillator for constantly maintaining the oscillator in a stable condition.

Abstract: A vibration noise filtering system for use in airborne radar master oscillator, RMO, systems is disclosed. Master and slave crystal oscillators are used, the slave oscillator being phase locked to the master oscillator governed by a phase locked loop, PLL, having a predetermined low frequency bandwidth. The master oscillator is structurally coupled directly to a source of vibration of the aircraft, while the slave oscillator is isolated and supported from the vibration source by a mechanical passive isolator having a resonant frequency well within the low frequency bandwidth of the PLL. The output of the slave oscillator which is the source of the RMO signal has a phase spectral density within the phase stability requirements of a typical RMO across the operating modulating frequency ranges of both air-to-ground and air-to-air radar modes.

Abstract: A low power dissipation crystal oscillator which comprises an inverter circuit including a pair of complementary insulated gate field-effect transistors and an excitation circuit connected between the output and the input of the inverter circuit. The excitation circuit comprises a crystal resonator and a pair of capacitive loads, wherein different DC bias potentials are applied to the gates of the field-effect transistors, respectively, in order to cause the power dissipation to be extremely reduced.

Abstract: In a crystal oscillator for solid state wristwatches, the input of an impedance converter is connected to the output of a complementarily connected transistor amplifier which performs linear operation within its essential operating range, thereby stabilizing and decreasing output impedance of the amplifier on the average. The impedance converter includes one or more active elements such as MOSFET's, junction type FET's and bipolar transistors. A quartz oscillator is connected between the input of the complementarily connected transistor amplifier and the output of the output impedance converter.

Abstract: A direct FM modulator includes an oscillator comprising a current conducting device providing amplification to sustain oscillations and a frequency determining circuit connected thereto for controlling the frequency of oscillation. The frequency determining circuit includes a piezoelectric element in series with a voltage variable capacitance and an adjustable capacitance coupled across this series combination. The capacitance of the voltage variable capacitance is changed by a modulating voltage to provide frequency deviation about the center frequency of oscillation. A frequency linearization of the crystal oscillator is provided by a selected value of capacitance coupled across the varactor and the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitance such that the frequency deviation vs. voltage is maximum at the initial reference bias voltage and is symmetrical about this reference bias.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator that is responsive to a crystal which is resonant at a predetermined frequency is provided. A first amplifier having first and second differential outputs is coupled to the crystal. A second amplifier having an output and a differential input for receiving a control voltage is coupled to the first amplifier. First frequency shifting means provide a predetermined phase shift for the first output of the first amplifier and couple this first output to the second amplifier. Second means for providing a predetermined phase shift is coupled to the second amplifier for providing a controllable phase shift to the output of the second amplifier and for providing a phase shift to the second output of the first amplifier. A third amplifier is used to couple the output of the second amplifier to the crystal.

Abstract: A network for temperature compensation of a crystal oscillator over an extended temperature range encompassing two points of inflection of the drift characteristic of an AT cut crystal. The oscillator is of the type having, in loop connection, an AT cut quartz crystal and a voltage variable capacitance device. The compensation network utilizes a three resistor, three thermistor electrical network for generating a temperature dependent bias voltage applied to the variable capacitance device to compensate for changes in the self-resonant frequency of the crystal due to temperature variation. A method for determining the component values for the compensation network is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high frequency variable oscillator has its frequency grossly set by a bandswitch and an uncalibrated coarse tuning control and finely tuned by an uncalibrated incremental control. The oscillator includes a broad band buffer circuit and a push-pull output circuit to provide an amplified isolated output having attenuated even harmonics. The oscillator includes a user programmable digital counter element connected to count the output of the oscillator. The counter includes timing circuitry and a multiple stage programmable ripple counter timed thereby. Each stage of the counter is connected to a latch decoder which is in turn connected to a digit display element. The latch decoders are connected to be controlled by the timing circuitry.

Abstract: An improved integrated circuit oscillator adapted for crystal-controlled applications eliminates the need for capacitors and duty cycle control circuitry by using a cascaded pair of push-pull complementary transistor amplifier stages, a clipping-type automatic amplitude control circuit, and a resonant feed back path between the two amplifier stages. In an illustrative embodiment, floating bias voltages are established by a chain of diodes, with several bias currents set with respect to the chain current by emitter area relationships. Square-wave output is provided by a flip-flop connected to push-up and pull-down output circuits.

Abstract: A resistor is connected to the source of a C-MOS inverter included within a crystal oscillator circuit in order to reduce the power dissipation in the crystal oscillator circuit. A switching transistor responsive to the voltage reduction of a power supply source is connected to said resistor in a parallel fashion, thereby shunting the resistor when the power supply level is below a predetermined value.

Abstract: An oscillator formed of an amplifier with a feedback loop containing two parallel connected crystals in series with a voltage variable capacitance. The two crystals have respective resonance frequencies above and below the limits of a wide band over which the oscillator frequency can be varied by a control voltage. Frequency versus control voltage linearity is improved by inductances inserted in parallel and in series, respectively, with the lower and higher frequency crystals.

Abstract: An oscillator having a phase-inverting oscillation inverter formed of insulated gate field effect transistors, a feedback circuit for inverting the phase of an output signal from the phase-inverting oscillation inverter and feeding the phase-inverted output signal back to the input side of the phase-inverting oscillation inverter and an amplifier for amplifying an output signal from the phase-inverting oscillation inverter. Said feedback circuit is formed of a passive circuit and has a larger voltage gain than 1. The signal fed back by the feedback circuit is drawn out from the input side of the oscillation inverter and delivered to the succeeding amplifier.

Abstract: An ultrasonic oscillator, which can be mounted on a vehicle and which enables an oscillating element itself to generate a high ultrasonic energy, comprising a storage battery having one power line thereof grounded, a DC -- DC converter which is electrically isolated from said power lines of the storage battery and which supplies D.C. power to non-grounded power lines thereof, and a Darlington transistor circuit having a ultrasonic oscillating element connected across base and collector thereof.

Abstract: A temperature compensating circuit for use with a crystal oscillator has a first bridge circuit for generating a first DC voltage with a linear functional temperature characteristic, a second bridge circuit for generating a second DC voltage with a quadratic functional temperature characteristic and a circuit for multiplying the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage so as to produce a DC voltage with a cubic functional characteristic. In this case, the DC voltage with the cubic functional characteristic is supplied to an oscillator circuit so as to compensate for variations in frequency of the crystal oscillator caused by temperature changes over a wide range thereof.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated oscillator circuit requiring higher impedances than are practical by integrated circuit technology and generally provided by discrete components external to the circuit are functionally provided in the integrated circuit by a "current mirror" circuit which provides the bias function separate from the signal function.

Abstract: A crystal controlled square wave oscillator requiring a minimum number of components, exhibiting high frequency stability, and operating at substantially a 50% duty cycle. A quartz crystal dual monolithic resonator is provided having a pair of signal electrodes and a reference electrode. The resonator is capable of oscillating in symmetric and anti-symmetric modes, points of minimum attenuation, the symmetric mode exhibiting a 180.degree. phase shift, and the anti-symmetric mode exhibiting a phase shift of 0.degree.. An integrated circuit logic gate is connected between the signal electrodes, the logic gate being of the type having low input and output impedances so as not to degrade the Q of the resonator. The logic gate provides a phase shift of 180.degree. or 0.degree. causing the resonator to oscillate in its symmetric or anti-symmetric modes, respectively, the gate switching between its two logic levels to produce a square wave output at the frequency of the excited mode.

Abstract: An ultrasonic generator comprising an ultrasonic transducer having a natural frequency at which the dynamic admittance becomes maximum; a main circuit consisting of a switching circuit or first current regulator and a second current regulator connected in series to said switching circuit or first current regulator, the ultrasonic transducer being interconnected between an electrical source and the junction between said switching circuit or first current regulator and the second current regulator; a driving circuit for alternately driving the switching circuit or first current regulator and the second current regulator at a frequency equal to or substantially equal to the natural frequency of the ultrasonic transducer, thereby supplying the driving current thereto; and a feedback circuit for deriving an AC voltage in proportion to the magnitude of the driving current and feeding back this voltage to the driving circuit.

Abstract: In a crystal-controlled oscillator circuit comprising a complementary-MOS inverter provided with a crystal in the feed-back circuit, an initiation circuit is provided which comprises another complementary-MOS inverter connected in parallel to said MOS inverter only at the time of initiation. This oscillator circuit includes a parallel circuit connection of two complementary MOS inverters at the time of initiation and hence has a large driving power and a short oscillation initiation time. Because of rendering one complementary MOS inverter to be cut off at the time of normal oscillation, the power consumption is reduced.

Abstract: A self-triggered clock pulse generator for high frequencies comprising an oscillating quartz crystal which is included in a loop together with a capacitor and a single, non-inverting gate. An averaging feedback is obtained by means of an inverting gate and an integrating circuit, which are connected in series between the output of the non-inverting gate and the input of the gate which is connected to the crystal.

Abstract: In an electronic circuit such as MIS oscillation or amplifier circuit in which a MISFET or MISFET's is used as an amplifying element and a bias resistor is provided between input and output sides, a divided voltage of a power voltage determined by capacitive elements provided at the input side is selected to be equal to a bias voltage determined by the bias resistor, thereby preventing influence due to the variation in power voltage.

Abstract: A piezo-electric tuning fork oscillation circuit including a piezo-electric tuning fork and amplifier units, such as ordinary audio frequency signal amplifier circuits employing transistors, between which amplifier units, a phase correction circuit comprising resistance and capacitance is inserted. In the phase correction circuit, the oscillation frequency coincides with the center frequency of the tuning fork over a wide frequency range with phase shift angle of the correction circuit being adapted to increase as the frequency increases, for producing stable oscillating frequency with possible maximum oscillation output.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oscillator having a positive feedback amplifier circuit the gain of which is controlled in direct opposite relationship to the amplitude of the oscillatory voltage produced by the oscillator and is especially useful for crystal controlled oscillators. The controlled feedback amplifier comprises a differential amplifier one branch of which feeds a rectifier producing the control voltage and the other branch of which acts as the controlled feedback amplifier.

Abstract: An electronic timepiece has a quartz-crystal oscillator which generates a high frequency output signal and applies it to a divider which divides the signal into a lower frequency output signal suitable as a time base. A manually actuated switch selectively effects electrical connection of one or more capacitors to the quartz-crystal oscillator to accordingly adjust the oscillator output frequency. The number of actuations of the switch determines, through a counter and gate circuitry, which capacitors are connected to the oscillator, and light-emitting diodes visually indicate which capacitors are connected to the oscillator.

Abstract: CMOS oscillator in which the oscillator circuit comprises a first MOS transistor connected by its source to a first terminal of a voltage supply and biased by the current provided by a second MOS transistor of opposed type which is a part of the same integrated circuit. At least a third MOS transistor (T.sub.6, T.sub.8, T.sub.12) of the same type as the second and which is a part of the same integrated circuit is provided, the sources and gates of the second and third transistors being respectively connected together and respectively to the second terminal of the voltage supply and to a point (P) at a potential such that the mean drain current of the first transistor will be maintained at a value just higher than the value at which oscillation starts.

Abstract: A capacitive adjusting device for a quartz crystal oscillator utilizing one of the metallization provided on the quartz crystal as a common electrode for a plurality of capacitors, the second electrodes of which are provided as metallized strips on a portion of a ceramic base member forming part of the casing containing the quartz crystal.

Abstract: To provide the required multiple channels for an aircraft communications system, a crystal controlled reference oscillator includes a tunable circuit for changing the base reference frequency provided by a crystal. The base reference frequency of the crystal controlled reference oscillator is pulled in frequency by changing the capacitance shunting the crystal. Two transistor switches change appropriate capacitors in series with the usual oscillator capacitor to obtain the capacitance values needed to pull the base reference frequency and thereby provide additional reference frequencies. The transistor switches are controlled by pilot actuated controls that operate a sliding display mark over a digital frequency indicator.

Abstract: A Colpitts type oscillator having a tank circuit including a crystal, a voltage variable capacitor and split capacitors with a first inductance including a coil connected in series with the crystal and a second inductance including a coil connected in parallel with the series connected coil and crystal and a second coil connected in series with one of the capacitors and the series combination connected in parallel with the first coil of the second inductance, said first and second inductances operating to neutralize the C.sub.o of the crystal, providing an impedance transformation between the crystal and the tank circuit, and improving the stability of the oscillator over a substantially increased warp range.

Abstract: An amplitude limiting amplifier followed by a filter network is interposed between the voltage amplification stage and the impedance matching stage in a Butler oscillator. This allows both the voltage amplification stage and the impedance matching stage to be operated in a linear mode at all times which assures that a piezoelectric crystal connected between the stages is connected in a relatively low, constant impedance path and is driven by a sinusoidal waveform, free of distortion, to assure maximum frequency stability.

Abstract: A temperature compensated variable oscillator formed of at least two capacitors and a resonator, or vibrator, made of lithium tantalate, in which an inductance element whose inductance value can be varied is connected in series to the vibrator; the capacitance of one of said capacitors is changed linearly in response to temperature variations, and the capacitance of the other capacitor is changed in response to temperature variations, in accordance with a second order relationship between capacitance and temperature, the graphical representation of such relationship being a second degree curve opening upward.

Abstract: A variable reactance circuit is composed of a differential amplifier having first and second emitter-coupled transistors, a reactance element, such as a capacitor, connected between the collector and base electrodes of the first transistor, and a control signal source connected to the emitter electrodes of the transistors by which the input impedance of the first transistor is effective as a variable reactance which is changed in accordance with the level of the control signal. Such variable reactance circuit may be used with an oscillator or resonance circuit to constitute a frequency modulator controlled by the control signal source.

Abstract: A single bipolar transistor crystal oscillator with the bias on the base of the transistor fixed and a second transistor coupled in parallel with the transistor of the oscillator for providing an alternate current path when the second transistor is conducting to reduce the current gain of the oscillator transistor, and a diode connected to the base of the second transistor for rectifying the AC output signals of the oscillator and biasing the second transistor into conduction when the output of the oscillator exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A known crystal oscillator circuit is modified to improve the starting of oscillations therein when a low supply voltage is employed. The oscillator circuit includes two complementary field effect transistors connected in a known manner to each other and a frequency determining circuit including a crystal. The modification includes a first additional field effect transistor having its drain-source path connected in parallel with the drain-source path of one of the oscillator field effect transistors or a second additional field effect transistor having its drain-source path connected in parallel with the drain-source path of the other of the oscillators field effect transistors. The first and second additional field effect transistors are of the same conductivity type as the oscillator field effect transistor it is in parallel with.

Abstract: A precision crystal-controlled oscillator circuit with provision for separate sinusoidal and square-wave output signals which can be realized as a silicon integrated circuit without the use of external capacitors or resistors is disclosed. Two feedback loops are utilized in addition to the oscillating loop. The first feedback loop maintains the gain of the oscillation loop at substantially unity when the amplitude of the oscillation is at a predetermined level, thereby ensuring both spectral purity and amplitude stability of the sinusoidal output signal. The second feedback loop maintains the duty cycle of the square-wave output signal substantially equal to 50 percent by controlling the circuit operation to equally space the signal zero crossings at the input of the square-wave output stage.

Abstract: A high-frequency modulator circuit including a frequency multiplier comprised of a first differential amplifier for receiving a base oscillating signal and for multiplying the frequency of the base oscillating signal to thereby produce a higher frequency carrier signal; and a modulating circuit connected to the first differential amplifier for modulating the carrier signal with input information. The first differential amplifier includes a pair of output terminals; and the modulating circuit is comprised of a second and third differential amplifier, each having a pair of input terminals connected to the respective output terminals of the first differential amplifier such that the higher frequency carrier signal is applied differentially to each of the second and third differential amplifiers.

Abstract: A voltage controlled crystal oscillator is disclosed suitable to be included in a subcarrier regeneration stage for a color television receiver. The oscillator includes a novel phase shifting network in the feedback loop thereof for maintaining the oscillator in phase synchronism with a received NTSC reference burst signal. The phase shifting network comprises a first differential amplifier being adapted to receive a voltage oscillation signal having a 90.degree. phase lag with respect to the oscillation signal generated by the crystal. The differential outputs from the first differential amplifier are respectively connected to the common terminal of a second differential amplifier and to a phase shifting circuit. The output of the phase shifting circuit is a first current signal having a predetermined phase relation to the input signal applied thereto.

Abstract: A circuit for generating a temperature varying control voltage which is applied to a varactor diode to temperature compensate a crystal oscillator is disclosed. The circuit produces a substantially linear voltage versus temperature variation, including a point of inflection, in a middle temperature range, and a substantially non-linear voltage versus temperature variation in hot and cold temperature ranges. The control voltage versus temperature characteristic also undergoes a change in slope polarity in both the hot and cold temperature ranges. The temperature compensating circuit has a middle range circuit for independently creating the substantially linear variation in the middle temperature range, a cold range circuit operative below a predetermined temperature for creating the desired variation in the cold temperature range, and a hot temperature circuit operative above a predetermined temperature for creating the desired temperature variation in the hot temperature range.

Abstract: The ultrasonic wave generator of the present invention always drives a transducer with the resonant frequency f.sub.o of the transducer. Although the resonant frequency f.sub.o changes due to the temperature change etc., the driving frequency automatically follows the change of the resonant frequency f.sub.o. The control of the driving frequency is performed by means of a feed-back loop including a voltage controlled oscillator and means for applying a control signal to said voltage controlled oscillator according to the amplitude and/or phase of the driving signal of the transducer.

Abstract: An oscillator which includes a complementary symmetry metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter, a crystal connected between the input and output terminals of the inverter, and input and output capacitors connected to these input and output terminals, respectively. Low power dissipation is achieved by making the input capacitance of much higher value than the output capacitance. Frequency stability is obtained by incorporating a voltage controlled capacitor in the circuit which, in response to a change in operating voltage, changes value in a sense to compensate for the tendency of the oscillator frequency to change.

Abstract: A quartz crystal timepiece incorporating a vibrator unit is disclosed. The vibrator unit is hermetically sealed in a case on which a condenser is fixed and the condenser compensates the oscillating frequency of said vibrator unit to a predetermined center frequency by suitably selecting the capacitance of the condenser after measuring the natural frequency of the vibrator unit. Then there is no need to adjust each vibrator unit to the predetermined center frequency during assembling process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit for locking a harmonic-rich oscillator, such as the crystal-controlled type, to provide as its output, a signal at a designated frequency characterized by minimum harmonic content and high stability. The circuit includes a combination of gates in the oscillatory feedback path controlled by single-shot multivibrators with time constants such that any tendency of the period of the output signal to compress or expand is overridden by the respective expansion or compression thereof by the appropriate single-shots.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly stable CMOS oscillator for use as the master time reference in a wristwatch. A novel bias circuit comprising a CMOS pair and a relatively large resistor supply a bias voltage to the amplifier of the oscillator. The resistor can be made larger than normal because it is outside the oscillator feedback loop and does not reduce the amplifier open loop gain.

Abstract: A colpitts oscillator having a tank circuit and a common base connected transistor, operating in a linear range, with an emitter-base junction coupled in the tank circuit and a load in the collector circuit thereof for passing current through the load at the frequency of the tank circuit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solid state timepiece and more particularly to an electronic watch which employs no moving parts. In the present invention a frequency standard in the form of a crystal oscillator acts through a solid state electronic circuit divider and display actuator to power in timed sequence the light-emitting diodes of an electro-optic display. Low cost, low power consumption and small size and weight are achieved through the use of a charge coupled binary divider chain.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clock signal generating integrated circuit device comprising a quartz crystal oscillator section and a multistage frequency divider section. The crystal oscillator section and each frequency divider stage includes respectively complementary insulated gate field effect transistors. According to the present invention, the high frequency-operated field effect transistors have a lower threshold voltage than the remaining field effect transistors, so that the occupied area of the oscillator section can be decreased and simultaneously the power dissipation can also be reduced.

Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal has an energizing circuit including a low-voltage supply battery connected across two parallel pairs of series-connected field-effect transistors of the insulated-gate type, the junction of each FET pair being tied to a tap of a respective capacitive voltage divider which lies between a reference pole of the battery and a respective terminal of a piezoelectric crystal. Each of these crystal terminals is also connected directly to the gate of the first FET of a respective pair and via a coupling capacitor to the gate of the second FET of the opposite pair, the last-mentioned gate being biased with a potential outside the voltage range of the supply battery.

Abstract: A monolithic integrated quartz crystal oscillator circuit having a resistance between the inverter output and the quartz crystal vibrator in order to stabilize the frequency characteristics thereof. An inverter including complementary coupled N-channel and P-channel MOS field effect transistors, and an output resistance at the drain connected terminals thereof, are monolithically integrated into a single chip. The resistance at the output terminal of the complementary coupled inverter effects a stabilization of the frequency of the quartz crystal oscillator circuit during changes in the supply voltage.