Abstract: There is a manufacturing limit on how small ceramic coaxial resonators can be produced, which leads to a limit on the frequency of resonance for these resonators. One technique to double the effective frequency of a ceramic coaxial resonator is to couple each end of a resonator to a Colpitts oscillator, the oscillators being balanced and out-of-phase by 180°. During operation, the resonator is effectively divided in half with a virtual ground forming in the center. This allows a single resonator to operate as two resonators of half the original size. Hence, the oscillation frequency for each of these balanced oscillators is doubled when compared to the frequency of similar oscillators that have separate ceramic coaxial resonators of similar size.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a multiple-push oscillator for providing a high-frequency signal. The multiple-push oscillator combines N (at least 3) fundamental oscillators. Through the design of circuit connection, the N fundamental oscillators will operate at odd modes with phase differences of 360/N degrees between their output currents to obtain an output signal of frequency at least three times as large as that of the fundamentals. Therefore, a high-frequency signal source can be more easily designed by the present invention. Moreover, the present invention has the characteristics of high transistor gain and high resonator Q factor.

Abstract: An oscillator having multi-phase complementary outputs comprises a first plurality of single ended bistable amplifiers connected in series to form an input and an output and a second plurality of single ended bistable amplifiers connected in series to form an input and an output. The first and second plurality have the same odd number of amplifiers, A first feedback path connects the output to the input of the first plurality of amplifiers to establish bistable oscillations in the first plurality of amplifiers at a frequency dependent upon the delay time from the input to the output of the first plurality. A second feedback path connects the output to the input of the second plurality of amplifiers to establish bistable oscillations in the second plurality of amplifiers at a frequency dependent upon the delay time from the input to the output of the second plurality.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator includes at least two active components and a dielectric resonator. The coupling between each active component and the dielectric resonator is of the transmission type and the inputs of neighboring active components are connected to a first point coupled to the resonator and likewise the outputs of the active components are connected to a second point coupled to the resonator. A push-push oscillator of the above kind is simple to produce and its operation is relatively insensitive to adjustments.

Abstract: A push—push oscillator is formed by (a) a resonator circuit including a transmission line having one-half wavelength and both ends of the line being left open, and a capacitance for frequency control coupled to the transmission line in parallel, and (b) two oscillators electrically identical to each other and their input sections being coupled to both the ends of the transmission line. Further, this oscillator can take out an output signal of even-order-harmonics from a midpoint of the transmission line in a transmitting direction as well as take out two fundamental waves from respective output sections of two branch oscillators. This push—push oscillator operating with a high frequency is downsized and simplified from a conventional one. Its phase-noise-characteristics and noise immunity are also improved.

Abstract: Voltage controlled oscillator assembly comprising means for detecting a control voltage input and means for generating an output frequency signal depending on said control voltage input. Said voltage controlled oscillator assembly comprises at least two voltage controlled oscillators, means for reading data from an external source, and means for individually switching the at least two voltage controlled oscillators on and off in accordance with the data read.

Abstract: There is a manufacturing limit on how small ceramic coaxial resonators can be produced, which leads to a limit on the frequency of resonance for these resonators. One technique to double the effective frequency of a ceramic coaxial resonator is to couple each end of a resonator to a Colpitts oscillator, the oscillators being balanced and out-of-phase by 180°. During operation, the resonator is effectively divided in half with a virtual ground forming in the center. This allows a single resonator to operate as two resonators of half the original size. Hence, the oscillation frequency for each of these balanced oscillators is doubled when compared to the frequency of similar oscillators that have separate ceramic coaxial resonators of similar size. If this technique is further implemented within a push-pull design tuned to the third harmonic, the output oscillation frequency becomes six times that of an oscillator using a separate ceramic coaxial resonator of similar size.

Abstract: A planar radiating oscillator apparatus for micro- and milliwaves includes a pair of conductor patches disposed with their pointed portions in proximity and their far edges on opposite sides, a high-frequency transistor disposed between and connected to the conductor patches, a conductor planar surface disposed under and parallel to the fan-shaped conductor patches from which it is separated by a distance equal to between one-fifteenth and one-fifth the generated wavelength therefrom, and at least one direct current power source connected to the conductor patches and having a ground potential in common with a source potential of the high-frequency transistor.

Abstract: A signal generator for producing a plurality of signals having the same frequency but a constant phase difference includes first and second cavity oscillators coupled to each other via an appropriate wall and coupling apertures. A first output signal is extracted from the first oscillator at a first predefined location on the oscillator's outer wall, which location defines a first angle relative to the wall aperture which couples the first oscillator to the second. A second output signal is extracted from a predefined location on the outer wall of the second oscillator, which location defines a second angle relative to the aperture in the first oscillator. Because the two oscillators are coupled to each other, they will produce an output signal having substantially the same frequency. The phase difference between the two output signals is defined by the difference between the first and second angles.

Abstract: A coupled oscillator arrangement is provided comprising first and second VCOs (voltage controlled oscillators), and a bi-directional interconnect which injection locks the first and second VCOs to each other. Advantageously, this provides a mechanism which effectively eliminates the phase jitter between the phase of first and second VCOs which makes them suitable for use in a diversity receiver, while at the same time providing a redundancy arrangement in which the failure of one of the VCOs does not effect the functionality of the other. The use of a bi-directional interconnect minimizes the complexity and cost of coupling the two VCOs. Preferably, the bi-directional interconnect injects a first signal representative of an output signal of the first VCO to the output of the second VCO and injects a second signal representative of an output signal of the second VCO to the output of the first VCO.

Abstract: A dual-mode multiple signal source/local oscillator module is capable of operating in either an independent offset mode or a common offset mode. The module includes first and second coarse frequency sources, a first signal generator coupled to the first coarse frequency source, a second signal generator, and an offset switch coupled to the second signal generator. The offset switch connects the second signal generator to either the first coarse frequency source in the common offset mode, or the second coarse frequency source in the independent offset mode. Operation of the sources in the common offset mode provides the benefits of dynamic tracking which include reduction of receiver IF phase noise and spurious signal content, improved receiver IF settling speed, and higher measurement accuracy.

Abstract: An improved method and system for generating quadrature phase shift keying signals for use in data transmission is provided. A pair of oscillators are slaved to the transmit frequency and produce two quadrature signal components with the same frequency but 90 degrees out of phase. The two signal components are carried to separate bi-phase switches by mirrored waveguides. Each bi-phase switch has a reflective waveguide coupler which directs the received signal into a waveguide terminated by a hard short and has a controllable shorting plane spaced approximately one-quarter wavelength from the termination point. The shorting planes are controlled by the output data signals and each introduces a 180 degree phase shift in the respective signal component when activated. The reflective couplers direct the selectively phase shifted signal components to an in-phase combiner, where they are combined to produce the quadrature phase shift keyed output signal.

Abstract: Integrated circuits having cooperative ring oscillator clock circuits therein include a plurality of synchronous and asynchronous active devices on the substrate and a plurality of "cooperative" ring oscillators (CRO) electrically coupled in parallel at respective clock nodes, interspersed on the substrate as a mesh, for example. The ring oscillators, which may have a predetermined number of stages but possibly different size in terms of clock driving capability, are preferably interspersed among the synchronous active devices on the surface of the substrate to provide a "local" clock signal which is constrained in terms of skew and jitter by the presence of the other parallel-connected ring oscillators at other locations on the substrate. Multiple replications of a ring-oscillator containing three serially connected inverters may result in the formation of a two-dimensional hexagonal network of clock nodes of different phases (e.g., .phi..sub.1, .phi..sub.2 and .phi..sub.3).

Abstract: A ring oscillator comprising: a plurality of sub-feedback loops, each comprising a pair of serially connected inverters and a feedback inverter having its input coupled to the output of the pair of inverters and its output connected to the input of the pair of inverters, the pairs of inverters being connected in a ring, and a downstream inverter of each respective pair of inverters forming an upstream inverter of an immediately following pair of inverters.

Abstract: A system for synchronizing circuit operation within an integrated circuit having a high frequency clock. The system includes an oscillator for providing a clock signal and a transmission line coupled to the oscillator for distributing the clock signal to load buffers. The load buffers provide sub-circuits within the integrated circuit with synchronized clock signals. The load buffers are resonant and convert the capacitive load impedance of receiving circuits into a virtual inductive load. The impedance converter boosts the clock signal transition times to provide improved high frequency circuit synchronization within the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A radiating oscillator apparatus for micro- and millimeter waves includes paired fan-shaped conductor patches disposed with their pointed portions in proximity and their arcuate portions on opposite sides, at least one high-frequency transistor disposed between and connected to the fan-shaped conductor patches, a conductor planar surface disposed under and parallel to the fan-shaped conductor patches at an interval of between one-fifteenth and one-fifth the generated wavelength therefrom, and a pair of direct current power supplies connected to the fan-shaped conductor patches separately with a common ground potential.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator, with high noise rejection of the supply voltage, includes a plurality of delay cells in an odd number N.gtoreq.3, which are connected to form a first ring oscillator and powered by the difference between a supply voltage Vcc and a variable regulating voltage VR. The VCO comprises at least one second ring oscillator formed by a plurality of delay cells in an odd number M.gtoreq.3, at least one of which is also a delay cell of the first oscillator and at least two of which do not belong to the first oscillator. At least one of these two cells is powered by a constant voltage (Vcc), in such a manner that the two oscillators operate at the same frequency and the interaction between the two oscillators introduces a high-frequency negative feedback which has the effect of effectively reducing the noise of the supply voltage Vcc.

Abstract: A transmitter system for transmitting an output signal having an output level and a signal to noise ratio. The transmitter system comprises a balanced oscillator comprised of a resonator for generating a reference signal, and for creating a parasitic impedance. Moreover, the balanced oscillator comprises a first oscillator comprising a first amplifier for amplifying the reference signal, and a first feedback circuit for generating a first oscillating output signal in response to the reference signal amplified by the first amplifier. Similarly, the balanced oscillator comprises a second oscillator comprising a second amplifier for amplifying said reference signal, and a second feedback circuit for generating a second oscillating output signal in response to the reference signal amplified by the second amplifier.

Abstract: A high frequency pulse-time modulation (PTM) signal generator employs four or more high frequency oscillators which are mutually locked uniquely either in a symmetric mode or an antisymmetric mode by means of a plurality of electronic phase shifters. The output signals from the oscillators are cascaded together to form a PTM output through control of the electronic phase shifters which shift the mutual locking of the oscillators back and forth between the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. Magic-tees or other combining elements are employed to combine the oscillator output signals so that an output pulse is generated when the oscillators are locked in the symmetric mode and a zero level output is generated when the oscillators are locked in the antisymmetric mode.

Abstract: The invention exploits the phenomenon of stochastic resonance in a nonlinear dynamic system to enhance the system's response to a weak periodic signal locally corrupted by background noise. The invention is designed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the system's output power spectrum at the periodic signal's frequency. This technique utilizes an array of nonlinear dynamic elements whose individual outputs are specifically coupled to other array elements. The coupling is found to substantially enhance the output SNR over what would be expected from a signal processor based upon a single such element. This principle has the potential to substantially enhance the performance of arrays of nonlinear devices; in fact, the nonlinear array can be expected to yield an output SNR that is very close to that obtainable by an array of ideal linear devices, so that the coupling actually "linearizes" the nonlinear system.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation reflection amplifier capable of amplifying cw or pulsed signals has a pair of cw oscillators operated under injection locking conditions. Diversion of oscillator power to a separate signal path during the off time of the input pulse is achieved through purely passive means; no active control devices are utilized. The device can be implemented for amplification of microwave, millimeter wave or optical signals. The amplifier comprises a 180-degree hybrid coupler, a matched pair of cw oscillator modules, a waveguide discontinuity, a waveguide termination, and an optional signal input element. For a magic-tee hybrid coupler, the cw oscillator modules are mounted on the ports of the symmetrically positioned waveguide arms and the waveguide discontinuity is located within either the sum arm or difference waveguide arm intermediate its ends.

Abstract: A balanced and buffered oscillator and transmitter arrangement includes a first and second oscillator, each of which include a resonator for generating a reference signal, an amplifier for amplifying the reference signal, a resonant tank for generating an oscillating output signal in response to the amplified reference signal, and a buffer circuit for buffering the respective oscillating output signal such that the effects of a parasitic impedance are minimized.

Abstract: An oscillator is provided having a plurality of cascade coupled inverters Each one of the inverters is a differential amplifier having a p-input and an n-input. The output of each one of the amplifiers is connected to: the n-input of the next succeeding amplifier to provide a closed loop, or ring oscillator; and, the p-input of an amplifier positioned an even number of amplifier stages forward of such next succeeding amplifier. In a preferred embodiment, each amplifier in the ring includes an n channel transistor (nMOS transistor) connected in a totem pole arrangement, to a p channel transistor (pMOS transistor). The gate of the nMOS transistor provides the n-input and gate of the pMOS transistor provides the p-input. The source and drain paths of the pMOS and nMOS transistors are connected together to provide an output for the amplifier.

Abstract: A high frequency pulse-time modulation signal generator employs first and second microwave or laser oscillators which are mutually locked uniquely either in a symmetric mode or an antisymmetric mode by means of an electronic phase shifter. The output signals from the oscillators are combined to generate pulse-time modulated output pulses through application of a control voltage to the electronic phase shifter which switches the mutual locking of the oscillators back and forth between the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. In a microwave embodiment, a hybrid-tee, such as a magic-tee, is employed to combine the oscillator output signals, while in the optical or laser embodiment, a half-silvered mirror is employed to combine the oscillator output signals. When the oscillators are locked in the symmetric mode, the hybrid-tee generates an output pulse, and when the oscillators are locked in the antisymmetric mode, the hybrid-tee generates a zero level output.

Abstract: The frequencies of N oscillators are summed to provide a signal generator output signal. Because the phase noise power spectral densities of the oscillators add as power, the frequency summed output exhibits a noise degradation over a single oscillator of only 10 log(N). The signal generator is implemented to assure independence of the oscillator noise contributions, with phase locking the oscillators to a common frequency for ease of spurious signal control.

Abstract: The present invention teaches an oscillator and transmitter. The balanced oscillator comprises a resonator for generating a reference signal having a resonating frequency, a first oscillator for providing a first oscillating output in response to the resonating frequency, and a second oscillator for providing a second oscillating output in response to the resonating frequency. The second oscillating output has a magnitude equal to the first oscillating output while oscillating 180 degrees out of phase with the first oscillating output. The transmitter comprises an antenna for radiating the first and second oscillating output signals.

Abstract: A balanced oscillator and transmitter circuit is provided which includes a pair of balanced Colpitts-type oscillators for generating an enhanced power radiating output signal. The balanced oscillators share a series resonance input tank. Each oscillator has an amplification stage which preferably includes a Colpitts-type configured transistor. The transmitter circuit further includes first and second output tanks having first and second radiating elements which may include a pair of inductors. An oscillating current signal is generated by the oscillator and is commonly transmitted through the pair of radiating elements. Each radiating element transmits radiating output signals which are combined and summed in total to provide an efficient radiating output signal. Alternately, the first and second output tanks may include a center-tapped transformer coupled to a third radiating element.

Abstract: An integrated circuit has a self-contained voltage control oscillation circuit wherein the oscillating frequency is controlled according to a control voltage; The circuit includes a first oscillation circuit which forms a first oscillation loop including a first amplifier for generating a first output signal with an oscillating frequency which is controlled according to an operating current of the first amplifier and a second oscillation circuit which forms a second oscillation loop including a second amplifer for generating a second output signal with an oscillating frequency which is controlled according to an operating current of the second amplifer; A circuit for generating a control voltage controls the operating currents of the first and second amplifers and a current regulating circuit for generating an operating current regulating signal regulates the operating currents of the first and second amplifers.

Abstract: An injection-locked variable-frequency high-power microwave frequency generator includes an injection source, a circulator, and an oscillator. The circulator includes an injection port to the injection source, an oscillator port to the oscillator, and a transmission port. The circulator directs the injection signal from the injection source into the oscillator and directs the oscillator output out the transmission port. The oscillator includes an IMPATT diode and a microstrip matching circuit. The matching circuit provides the sufficient conditions for broadband (9.1-9.5 GHz) oscillation of the diode. To this end, the matching circuit provides three resonators having three different but closely coupled resonant frequencies. The matching circuit also serves as a transformer, providing impedance matching to the circulator. A high-power output can be chirped or otherwise controlled by electronic control of the injection frequency.

Abstract: A serial data clock receiver circuit (11) is provided that synchronizes a clock signal to data. The serial data clock receiver circuit (11) comprises a control circuit (21), a dual oscillator circuit (19), and a phase locked loop circuit (22). The control circuit (21) arms the dual oscillator circuit (19) for being enabled during an idle period. The phase locked loop circuit (22) provides a reference voltage for the dual oscillator circuit (19). The dual oscillator circuit (19) is responsive to both the data and control circuit (19) for providing a clock signal.

Abstract: A high frequency clock generator has a plurality of quartz crystals capable of providing various output frequencies coupled to multiple oscillator circuits. The output line from each oscillator circuit is coupled to one or more multiplexers so that the user can select one or more output frequencies at the same time. The multiple clock oscillator circuits and the multiplexer(s) are fabricated as an integrated circuit to minimize the degrading effects of weather and dust, to provide a fixed capacitive value and inverter bandwidth product, and to improve clock generator stability.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer includes three subfrequency synthesizers: a first synthesizer generating a first subfrequency varying in units of a frequency step, a second synthesizer generating a second subfrequency varying in units of a frequency step being N times the first frequency step, and a third synthesizer generating a third subfrequency varying in units of the first frequency step. One output signal is obtained by mixing the first subfrequency and the second subfrequency. A second output signal is obtained by mixing the second subfrequency and the third subfrequency.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave resonator has a plural number N of interdigital transducers arranged in a sequence on a piezoelectric substrate to generate N surface acoustic wave signals with a predetermined frequency f.sub.0 and having phase difference of 2.pi./N radian therebetween. Oscillation circuits are individually connected to the N interdigital transducers and generate N oscillation signals with the same frequency f.sub.0 and having phase difference of 2.pi./N radian therebetween. These oscillation signals are multiplied together to generate a signal with frequency N times the predetermined frequency f.sub.0.

Abstract: An array of unit oscillators interconnected with one another in that the transistors of the oscillators are connected to common lines. Separate lines in proximity provide coupling capacitance for feedback to sustain the oscillation of the unit oscillators. The separate lines also form a grid which results in an antenna for emanation of the oscillators, radiation The array can effectively function at extremely high frequencies (i.e., greater than 30 GHz). The array is specially designed to accommodate monolithic implementation.

Abstract: A push-push microwave oscillator has two branch oscillators fabricated of a transistor and transmission line elements extending from terminals of the transistor, and a resonator which is fabricated of an annulus of superconductor material and serves to phase lock oscillations of the two branch oscillators. The superconductor material is a composite of a rare earth element and copper oxide such as yttrium-barium-copper oxide. A first transmission line in each of the branch oscillators extends past the resonator with a spacing to provide for electromagnetic coupling between the branch oscillator and the resonator. A second transmission line in each of the branch oscillators has a length equal to approximately one-quarter wavelength of the oscillation frequency to tune the branch oscillator to a common oscillation frequency.

Abstract: A push-push oscillator including a resonator having a transmission line and a capacitance connected to the transmission line in parallel; an oscillating circuit responsive to the resonator for oscillating and for producing first and second outputs having an antiphase relation therebetween; an in-phase combining circuit for summing the first and second outputs of said oscillating circuit to produce a summed signal; and an antiphase combining circuit responsive to two components from the resonator having an antiphase relation for producing a differential signal in accordance with a difference between the two components. Alternatively, the in-phase combining circuit is connected to the resonator and the antiphase combining circuit is connected to the oscillating circuit. The antiphase combining circuit outputs a fundamental wave component of the resonator. The in-phase combining circuit outputs a second harmonic wave component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering the phase of a signal which may change at periodic intervals is disclosed which comprises gated variable frequency oscillators. These results are obtained in an illustrative embodiment of the present invention in which an incoming signal is fed into a gated oscillator and the complement of the incoming signal is fed into a matching gated oscillator. Advantageously, the respective outputs of the two oscillators are fed into a Boolean NOR gate. When the gated oscillators are designed to oscillate at the frequency of the incoming signal, the output waveform will have a bounded phase relationship with respect to the incoming signal.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a push-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) utilizing parallel LC resonant tank circuits for improved phase noise characteristics. The push-push VCO of the present invention includes two voltage controlled oscillators connected in parallel and in phase opposition, with each oscillator including a transistor connected in series with the parallel LC resonant tank circuit. The oscillators operate at the same resonant frequency f.sub.0, but are 180 degrees out of phase. Therefore, the fundamental and odd harmonics of the resonant frequency f.sub.0 cancel each other out and the even harmonics add together to produce an output signal at twice the resonant frequency f.sub.0.

Abstract: A microwave power combiner includes a first plate having disposed in a first surface thereof a first plurality of grooves and a second plate having disposed in a first surface of said second plate a second plurality of grooves, with said second plate being mated to said first plate and with said first plurality of grooves in the first plate disposed in alignment with the second plurality of grooves in the second plate to provide a plurality of waveguide regions. The waveguide regions are further disposed to provide a plurality of hybrid Ts preferably matched hybrid Ts or magic Ts which are selectively interconnected to form an integrated combiner structure. A first surface of the plate is used to mount a plurality of IMPATT diode modules whereas the second opposite surface of the composite plate is used to mount a heat sink thereby providing a thermal path between the diode modules through the composite plates to the heat sink.

Abstract: A push-push oscillator comprises: a resonator having a transmission line and a capacitance connected to the transmission line in parallel; an oscillator for producing two outputs having an antiphase relation therebetween in response to the resonator; and a differential signal producing circuit for producing a differential signal in accordance with difference between these two outputs. These outputs can be obtained from the resonator. The transmission lines comprise strip line or microstrip line which is curved to form an open loop. The transmission line may be made of a dielectric material and is curved to form an open loop whose both ends are connected to a capacitance. The resonator may further comprise two second transmission lines, each provided to an end of the transmission line, these two second transmission lines facing each other with a given distance therebetween, the distance and length of the second transmission lines being determined such that necessary capacitance is provided.

Abstract: A two-dimensional array of Josephson junctions is used as a high-frequency oscillator capable of emitting coherent power of predetermined frequencies since the geometry of the two-dimensional array allows the individual Josephson junctions to phase lock at predetermined frequencies. The array is controlled at a given voltage and excited by the application of DC current through the array, in effect providing a rapidly tunable DC-to-AC converter at GHz and THz frequencies. The oscillator operates without the application of external high frequency signals or a connection to a cavity resonator. Load matching and other adjustments can be made by selecting the appropriate number of Josephson junctions in the array, selecting a damping factor which determines non-hysteretic operation, adding resistive shunts or a superconducting ground plane.

Abstract: A method for controlling a programmable source of a plurality of string of clock signals, a program is stored with a plurality of different indications of desired frequencies, each indication corresponding to one of the strings of clock signals. The frequency of each of a plurality of oscillator is controlled by the memory content of a separate memory for each oscillator. The content of each memory is adjusted in accordance with the actual frequency of each string, the frequency indicated by the corresponding indication of a desired frequency and a reference.

Abstract: An ultrasonic atomizer circuit having a plurality of unit oscillator circuits has been improved by preventing undesired interference between oscillator circuits. Each unit oscillator circuit has a transistor (Q1) with a grounded collector, a piezo-electric vibrator (TD) coupled across the collector and the base of the transistor (Q1), a capacitor (C3) coupled across the emitter and the base of the transistor (Q1), and a capacitor (C1) coupled across the emitter and the collector of the transistor (Q1). An additional capacitor (C7) is provided between the base of the transistor (Q1) and the junction point of one end of the vibrator (TD) and the capacitor (C3), so that one end of said capacitor (C3) is separated from the base of the transistor for DC current.

Abstract: A differential pair, push-push oscillator for generating clocking signals. This oscillator consists of two, single transistor oscillators that both oscillate at f.sub.o with a 180.degree. phase difference. The phase difference is caused by the direct connection of the transistors' drains. A current source, connected to the transistors' drains, biases the transistors. The common drain connection also serves as an output for the differential pair, push-push oscillator. This output, a stable, relatively high power signal of frequency 2f.sub.o, is a composite of the two signals from the single transistor oscillators.

Abstract: The invention provides a device including a radial combiner for electromagnetic waves and a method using a radial combiner. The invention provides a radial combiner with resistors disposed between the impedance matches capable of combining these signals from a plurality of radially disposed amplifiers or transmitters. By applying desired phase shifts to the signals transmitted by certain amplifiers or transmitters, amplitude-phase modulation of the total signal transmitted can be provided. It is more particularly possible to provide radar pulse modulation for reducing the frequency spectra of the transmitted signal.

Abstract: A dynamic switching circuit for multiple asynchronous clock sources comprising a pair of flip-flops which are set and reset in such a manner as to provide high frequency and low frequency output clock pulses without a glitch and within a period extending from approximately a few nanoseconds to no greater than a period equal to the sum of the periods of one of said high and low frequency clock pulses.

Abstract: A push-push broadband dielectric resonator oscillator circuit that operates in the K and Ka band frequency range has two oscillator circuits that oscillate at the same fundamental frequency. An antiphaseal relationship is maintained between the two oscillators through the use of a dielectric resonator and the desired frequency is obtained by vectorially combining the output signals of the two oscillators that have the antiphase relationship to obtain an output frequency that is twice the fundamental frequency of operation of each of the individual dielectric resonator oscillator circuits.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit for power combining electromagnetic energy in the millimicrowave frequency band where the electromagnetic energy is produced by two substantially identical varactor tuned microstrip oscillators where the power combining circuit has less than perfect isolation properties allowing a fraction of the output of one to be fed back to the other so that the two become locked in frequency.

Abstract: A plurality of millimeter wave power sources are arranged in a planar mat array located in a wave-beam resonator including two reflecting surfaces which are large in terms of the operating wavelength. One surface comprises a planar reflector located in relatively close proximity to the source array, while the other reflector is located in front of the array at a relatively larger distance and being partially transparent and curved, with the curvature being expressed by a pair of focal lengths which define a curvature in two perpendicular axial planes. Each source is comprised of an IMPATT or GUNN diode coupled to a short dipole or closed current loop structure, all lying in a plane parallel to the planar reflector and transverse to the longitudinal central axis of the resonator.

Abstract: A tuned cavity with a number of coaxial circuit microwave sources spaced about the cavity and disposed oppositely of the cavity from flat loads which suppress oscillations of the sources at undesired frequencies, the loads being adjacent to the cavity to provide wide bandwidth and a compact structure and yet spaced from the cavity a distance substantially less than the wavelengths of the operating frequencies so as to not interfere significantly with the electromagnetic fields in the cavity.