Abstract: A power combining device for combining the microwave power from a plurality of solid state devices comprises a housing defining a resonator cavity with a plurality of co-axial microwave circuits, including a microwave diode at one end of each circuit and a tapered adjustable attenuator at the other end thereof, which are positioned annularly about the resonator cavity so that the energy generated therein is combined within the cavity and transmitted by way of a common outlet. The power combiner is provided with a broad range of bandwidth adjustment by providing for the adjustment of many of the parameters of the system including the length of the circuits, the damping of the circuits, and length of the resonator cavity, and the degree of coupling to adjacent circuits.

Abstract: A microwave system provides signals of two separate microwave frequencies, designated F.sub.(1) and F.sub.(2), alternately or simultaneously to a common coaxial transmission line by combining the outputs of two microwave frequency oscillators of frequencies F.sub.(1) and F.sub.(2). Each oscillator contains a waveguide output with which is associated at least one means, such as a resonant iris, for passing microwave energy of the oscillator's design frequency and for reflecting microwave energy of other frequencies, such as the different frequency of the other oscillator. A waveguide type transmission line is provided having first and second input ends and which line is of a length so as to be nonresonant at either of the two oscillator frequencies, F.sub.(1) or F.sub.(2). Each oscillator is coupled to a corresponding one of the two input ends of the waveguide. The waveguide is of a length in which signals of frequency F.sub.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit comprising a transistor, a piezoelectric element and a D.C. source, such as a battery, said transistor being common collector mounted and said piezoelectric element being disposed between the base of said transistor and a first terminal of said D.C. source, characterized in that it is adapted so that the response of said oscillator is ensured by a capacitive impedance comprising exclusively the capacitance of the base-emitter junction of the transistor, the voltage of the source being at most equal to 1.5V.

Abstract: A human touch on an etched copper electrode produces a capacitive change to vary the time constant of an RC network as a part of an oscillator. The variation in the capacitance of the sensor changes the time constant of the RC network which results in a change in frequency of the output signal of the oscillator. This change in frequency thus varies with the human touch to the copper electrode. To develop a directional indication of the touch position, four electrodes are arranged in opposed pairs along orthogonal axes. Each electrode is part of an RC network connected to an oscillator with each of the four oscillators identified with one of the four positions along the orthogonal axes. The output signal from each of the oscillators is transmitted to timing and control circuitry that generates four separate pulse trains, one pulse train identified with each of four positions along the orthogonal axis.

Abstract: An improved solid state transmitter (and elements therefor) adapted particularly well to pulsed operation at radio frequencies is disclosed. Such transmitter includes the combination of: A crystal-controlled oscillator producing a continuous wave output signal which, ultimately, determines the frequency of each transmitted pulse; a first oscillatory circuit, including a resonant cavity and at least one normally quiescent coaxial oscillator incorporating an IMPATT diode; a second oscillatory circuit, including a resonant cavity and a plurality of normally quiescent coaxial oscillators, each one of such oscillators incorporating an IMPATT diode; and an improved modulator for periodically actuating all of the IMPATT diodes in such a manner that a pulsed output of the first oscillatory circuit is produced which remains locked to the then existing continuous wave signal out of the crystal-controlled oscillator and the pulsed outputs of the coaxial oscillators in the second oscillatory circuit similarly are locked.

Abstract: An improved solid state transmitter (and elements therefor) adapted particularly well to pulsed operation at radio frequencies is disclosed. Such transmitter includes the combination of: A crystal-controlled oscillator producing a continuous wave output signal which, ultimately, determines the frequency of each transmitted pulse; a first oscillatory circuit, including a resonant cavity and at least one normally quiescent coaxial oscillator incorporating an IMPATT diode; a second oscillatory circuit, including a resonant cavity and a plurality of normally quiescent coaxial oscillators, each one of such oscillators incorporating an IMPATT diode; and an improved modulator for periodically actuating all of the IMPATT diodes in such a manner that a pulsed output of the first oscillatory circuit is produced which remains locked to the then existing continuous wave signal out of the crystal-controlled oscillator and the pulsed outputs of the coaxial oscillators in the second oscillatory circuit similarly are locked.

Abstract: A solid state power combining apparatus for use in a microwave transmission system. The apparatus includes a distributed amplifier having an input transmission line, an output transmission line, and a plurality of amplifiers connected between the input and output transmission lines at quarter wavelength intervals. The phase relationship between the traveling waves placed on the output transmission line from the amplifiers is such that the waves placed on the output transmission line by the amplifiers in the direction toward an output terminal add and the waves placed on the output transmission line by adjacent amplifiers in the direction away from the output terminal cancel each other.Also, a solid state power combining apparatus wherein a plurality of oscillators are connected between input and output transmission lines at quarter wavelength intervals.

Abstract: A high power output push-pull microwave oscillator utilizing a plurality of tuned coaxial circuits each mounting a diode at each of two extremities and each being coupled to an output cavity of resonant frequency, f.sub.o, equal to the operating frequency. An equal plurality of second cavities, also resonant at f.sub.o are coupled to bias lines one-fourth wavelength from each of the plurality of tuned coaxial circuits to reflect a short circuit across a tee junction built into the center conductor of each coaxial circuit at the resonant frequency, f.sub.o, when the diodes are in a push-pull or out-of-phase operating mode. The short circuit is removed when the diodes operate in an in-phase mode and the resultant losses effectively suppress the in-phase mode of operation.

Abstract: An oscillator for very high microwave or millimeterwave frequencies employs a pair of negative-resistance semiconductive devices, each mounted in its own resonant cavity. The two cavities are coupled together by an iris in their common wall. An output waveguide is coupled symmetrically to both sides of the common wall to load both cavities equally. An adjustable mode-control element projects into the cavity to the near vicinity of one of the devices to induce the oscillator to start in the desired mode. Additional dielectric or metallic tuners in the cavities provide a wide variation of frequency.

Abstract: An accumulating cavity microwave oscillator having a plurality of coaxial circuit mounted negative resistance diodes coupled to the cavity wherein the plurality of coaxial circuits may be mounted in concentric circles or in other symmetrical or non-symmetrical configurations and one or more coupling mechanism outputs may be utilized. No output is required to be located at the center of either the accumulator or the auxiliary cavity thereby allowing cavity tuners to be mounted there. The coupling coefficient in the coaxial circuits is equal to one plus the coupling coefficient of the output probes in order to present a relatively constant load to the diodes over the operating frequency range, thereby maximizing the usable operating frequency range.

Abstract: A circuit for microwave oscillators or amplifiers, yielding the maximum microwave power from negative resistance diodes feeding into one and the same waveguide section. Diodes are arranged in pairs symmetrically at the level of one and the same right section of the waveguide but outside the waveguide cavity. In the case where two diodes are used, these are screwed into clamps arranged in chambers opening into the cavity. Cylinders effect impedance matching between waveguides and diodes and are supported mechanically by a shaft which supplies the direct voltage for the circuit.

Abstract: A frequency modulation oscillator is provided having three or more output frequencies corresponding to three or more possible input signals, the output frequency being a phase continuous frequency modulated signal with no discontinuities. For each desired output frequency, there is an input amplifier, responsive to an input binary signal, the output of that amplifier being summed with the outputs of the other amplifiers. For each input amplifier there is an active feedback network containing a delay element which will produce oscillation in the associated amplifier, the active feedback network from each amplifier being isolated from the other amplifiers and feedback networks.

Abstract: A frequency modulation oscillator circuit is provided having three or more output frequencies corresponding to three or more possible input signals, the output frequency being a phase continuous frequency modulated signal with no discontinuities. For each desired output frequency, there is an input amplifier, responsive to an input binary signal, the output of that amplifier being summed with the outputs of the other amplifiers. For each input amplifier there is an active feedback network containing a delay element which will produce oscillation in the associated amplifier, the active feedback network from each amplifier being isolated from the other amplifiers and feedback networks. Input amplifiers comprising differential amplifiers emitter coupled to transistor switches are shown together with common base feedback amplifiers emitter coupled to the collectors of one of the transistors comprising the input differential amplifier.

Abstract: A locked hybrid junction power combiner comprises in its simplest version a single hybrid junction (0.degree., 180.degree. and 90.degree.) and an appropriate phase shifting element combining three one port oscillators (one master oscillator strongly locking the other oscillators). The combiner can be extended to combine any odd number of oscillators. Combining efficiency approaching 100% and locking figure of merit exceeding that of the master oscillator have been experimentally observed. Isolating the master oscillator from the hybrid by a circulator, the LHJ combiner can generate high microwave powers with spectral purity of the master oscillator; e.g. Impatt diode power capabilities may be combined with Gunn diode spectral purity. The combiner with an ordinary E-H waveguide hybrid junction can be employed to generate ultra-high microwave powers by combining high power tube sources.

Abstract: An ordered array of semiconductor integrated circuit feedback delay type of phase-locked recursive oscillators is arranged to furnish a correspondingly ordered discrete spectrum of mutually different resonant frequencies. The individual feedback path in each of the oscillators contains a semiconductor charge transfer device for providing most of the feedback delay. The total feedback delay in each of the oscillators is fine-tuned in the feedback path of each oscillator by a different incremental time delay element, such as an RC time delay element, which introduces an added delay that is less than that of a single transfer cycle in the charge transfer device. A phase-locking signal is fed to every oscillator, all the locking signals being derived from, and thus coherent with, a single master clock. All of the charge transfer devices are driven by a single clock pulse train whose timing can also be advantageously controlled by the master clock.

Abstract: A plurality of transistor energy generators are coupled to a common high Q, orroid tuned circuit. Each energy generator has its own separate power supply and the output signal is derived by a common coil coupled to the tuned circuit.

Abstract: An improvement in a prior art microwave diode coaxial oscillator circuit comprising an unloaded fundamental frequency cavity for prevention of energy loss in the matching termination at the resonant frequency of the circuit and a second harmonic resonant cavity for controlling second harmonic loading of the diode and for reducing noise in the output signal.

Abstract: The outputs of two like frequency oscillators are combined to form a single reliable clock signal, with one oscillator functioning as a slave under the control of the other to achieve phase coincidence when the master is operative and in a free-running mode when the master is inoperative so that failure of either oscillator produces no effect on the clock signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a train vehicle speed control signal providing apparatus operative with a frequency command speed control signal, and relates to the generation of the desired speed code signals in such a frequency rate system. Two separate and independent physical and electrical operations provide each of the respective desired frequency speed code signals in combination with a comparison step to provide an output speed code signal only if the two input frequency signals are each at the desired frequency.

Abstract: A pulse-firing power oscillator has an iron core with a primary winding on the core and as many secondary windings as there are firing pulses to be sequentially produced in a series of pulses, with a half-wave rectifier in series with each secondary winding. A symmetrical circuit comprising back-to-back transistors is connected across the primary winding in such a manner that the base bias voltage of a transistor connected to one end of the primary winding is derived from the other end of the primary winding. A DC voltage is imposed between a center-tap on the primary winding and the common connection between the transistors which is furthest away from the center-tap -- i.e., further away from the center-tap than the base of each of the biased transistors. The oscillator is self starting, and when it is free running its frequency is voltage dependent, although broadly determined by the design of the pulse transformer including the cross-section of the core and the number of primary turns thereon.

Abstract: A microwave power generator comprises a cavity resonator and at least two oscillators built using transmission lines and negative resistance diodes, magnetically coupled to the resonator. At least one additional oscillator is added and electrically coupled to the resonator at a point where the electric field is at a maximum, increasing the volumetric power delivered by the generator, by 50%.

Abstract: Novel apparatus is provided which permits the combination of the peak pulse power from a pair of avalanche diode oscillators, each diode driving a respective one of two symmetrically suspended airstrip transmission lines which are coupled to a common output connector.

Abstract: A ladder oscillator composed of capacitive and inductive impedances connected together to form a ladder network which has a chosen number N oscillation modes at N different frequencies. Each oscillation mode is characterized by a unique standing wave voltage pattern along the nodes of the ladder oscillator, with the mode in which the ladder oscillator is oscillating being determinable from the amplitudes or phase of the oscillations at the nodes. A logic circuit may be connected to the nodes of the oscillator to compare the phases of selected nodes and thereby determine which mode the oscillator is oscillating in. A ladder oscillator composed of passive capacitive and inductive impedances can be utilized as a frequency recognition device, since the passive ladder oscillator will display the characteristic standing wave patterns if an input signal impressed upon the ladder oscillator is close to one of the mode frequencies of the oscillator.

Abstract: A reliable pulse source circuit utilizing two independent but synchronized pulse generators is disclosed. The pulse source circuit maintains output pulses even though one pulse generator fails regardless of the failure mode, i.e., whether the output of the failed generator is stuck high or stuck low. A toggle flip-flop responsive to the presence and absence of pulses from the two generators and its own state outputs controls gating circuitry to generate a sequence of output pulses wherein alternate output pulses occur in response to pulses of one generator and the remaining output pulses occur in response to pulses of the other generator, and if either generator fails, all output pulses occur in response to the pulses of the other generator.

Abstract: Novel apparatus is provided which permits the additive combination of the peak pulse power from multiple avalanche diodes operating in the IMPATT mode without spurious signal generation and includes the use of radially disposed combinations of avalanche diodes and coaxial transmission line resonators feeding a common signal output coupler.

Abstract: Pulses generated by each of two normally synchronized oscillators are combined into a single pulse per cycle by feeding them to a monostable multivibrator and by differentiating the output signal of the monostable multivibrator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microwave power accumulator including a plurality of coaxial oscillator circuits, each tightly coupled to a single common output combining resonant cavity. Each of the coaxial circuits includes a negative resistance diode at one end and a lossy terminating (microwave absorbing) material at the other end which absorbs and suppresses resonant modes within each coaxial circuit. This feature enables the cavity resonance of the common output combining cavity to dominate all of the individual coaxial circuits spaced therearound. The spacing of these coaxial circuit modules around a common cylindrical output combining cavity permits a high packing density and good individual heat sinking for the accumulator.