Abstract: The present invention relates to a reflection diode phase shifter that achieves amplitude equality between phase shifts of incident energy. Amplitude equality is achieved by placing a resistor R to ground in parallel with the transmission lines connecting a four-port coupler to symmetric reflection terminators having an impedance that is varied by a diode. The resistor is placed at a point on the transmission line having the lowest voltage when the greatest power loss is realized by the phase shifter.

Abstract: A multiband microwave filter that can selectively transmit a broadband signal or any discret or combination of predefined frequency bands. The filter has two transmission lines, with an output port at one end of a first one of the transmission lines. A switch selectively transmits an input signal to one of the transmission lines. The filter also has a plurality of narrowband directional filters, each of which is used to transmit signals in a corresonding frequency band from one of the transmission lines to the other. Each directional filter includes at least one diode for enabling and disabling the operation of the direction filter in accordance with a bias voltage applied to the diodes. By controlling the switch and applying appropriate bias voltages to each of the diodes, the microwave filter can selectively transmit a broadband signal or any discret or combination of the frequency bands transmitted by the directional filters.

Abstract: A polarity switch for connection between a dual antenna system and a satellite television receiver to permit multiple receivers to simultaneously receive channels of different polarity includes a pin diode switch and input circuitry to decode the standard receiver signal previously used to rotate the antenna feed of a single feed antenna.

Abstract: A network is provided which is selectively configurable as a high pass and low pass filter. A pair of sets of field effect transistors FETS is provided, each set comprising three FETS connected in a T-configuration. A pair of the FETS in each set have a drain electrode of one FET coupled to the source electrode of the other FET to provide a series element of the T-configured set. The third FET has drain and source electrodes coupled between the common connection of the pair of FETS and ground to form a shunt element of the T-configured set. The gate electrodes of the series elements of a first one of the sets of FETS and the shunt element of the other set of the FETS are each fed a common control voltage signal. A first one of the sets of FETS is capacitively coupled between the input and output terminals of the network, and the second one of the set of FETS is inductively coupled between the input and output terminals of the network.

Abstract: A microwave planar switch matrix for selectively connecting various ones of M inputs to N outputs. The switch matrix includes a semi-insulative substrate on one side of which are conductors arranged in rows and columns, the interconnection of the rows and columns forming the intersections of the matrix, a plurality M.multidot.N of two-way active power dividers arranged in the rows near each intersection, respectively, and a plurality M.multidot.N of two-way power combiners arranged in the columns near the intersections, respectively, and M.multidot.N switches selectively connecting respectively one output of the power dividers to one input of the power combiners. Because the power dividers and power combiners utilize active components, net power gain through the matrix is possible. Air bridges separate the row and column conductors at the intersections.

Abstract: An integrated filter circuit including at least integrated resistances and integrated capacitances, said integrated filter circuit comprising a plurality of filter circuits connected in parallel and in which at least either resistance values or capacitance values are different, a switch for switching said parallel filter circuits, and means for controlling said switch to select one of said parallel filter circuits.

Abstract: An R.F. switch includes a directional coupler with a main line and a quarter wavelength coupled arm. One end of the main line is connected to a first input port and the other end is connected to a first output port. The coupled arm is selectibly terminated at one end in either its characteristic impedance or a short. A PIN diode controls the termination. The second end of the coupled arm is connected to a second input port. A PIN diode switch is connected between the second end of the coupled arm and a second output port. In a first position, signals present at the input ports are combined and appear at the first output port. The directional coupler provides isolation such that the signal at the second input port is not coupled to the first input port. In the second position, the signal at the second input port is disconnected from the first output port and only connected to the second output port.

Abstract: A hybrid power combiner and controller device is disclosed. The device includes a multiple branch hybrid network, with PIN diodes employed to selectively short circuit the midpoints of the branch lines to ground. With the PIN diodes biased to the open circuit condition, the device behaves as a conventional hybrid combiner, for example, to combine the power produced by two input sources at the device output port. With the PIN diodes biased to the conductive condition, thereby shorting the branch line midpoints to ground, the device behaves as a matched multiple stub filter tuned to the desired band. Substantially all the power provided by one input power source will be provided at the device output in this case.

Abstract: A phase shifter with a phase shift primarily independent of frequency includes first and second quadrature hybrids, a delay and a ganged switch. A first path includes an input into the delay, the delay output being connected into the first quadrature hybrid. The corresponding isolated terminal of the first quadrature hybrid forms the output of the first path. A second path includes an input to the second hybrid quadrature with a terminal thereof as an output. Two remaining terminals of the second quadrature hybrid are taken to a common ground through two capacitors of preselected value. The ganged switch selectively engages a system input to either the inputs of the first path or the second path and simultaneously engages a system output to the outputs of the first path or the second path.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ultra-high frequency switching matrix. Only active components, i.e. field effect transistors, are used in the integrated circuit construction of the matrix according to the invention. Coupling between an input channel and an output channel is obtained by a power divider on the input channel, which is a bi-drain transistor or a differential amplifier, a controllable switch in the form of a bi-grid transistor or two transistors in series, and a power combiner on the output channel, which is a multi-grid transistor or several transistors in series. Application is to telecommunications, particularly satellite telecommunications.

Abstract: An improved polarity switch for connection between a dual antenna system and a satellite television reception system has a first embodiment which utilizes a pin diode switch between the dual antenna system and each of a plurality of receivers to permit use of the receiver to select one of the two antenna feeds for decoding and display at that television set. A second embodiment is also disclosed which utilizes an electromechanical relay to isolate the antenna feeds from each receiver.

Abstract: An antenna switching circuit which selectively transmits, to a receiver, RF signals from a plurality of antennas including RF signals of different frequency bands such as the VHF band and the MF band using a single output terminal. To prevent a level drop of RF signals of one of the frequency bands due to a common use of the output terminal, a unidirectional switching element is added to a switching circuit network by which the selection of RF signals from the different antennas is performed.A branching circuit for separating RF signals of different frequency bands is provided with an attenuation operation using a variable impedance characteristic of a semiconductor switching element which is basically on-off operated for the switching between the RF signals of the different frequency bands.

Abstract: A multi-path, ladder-type variable step RF signal attenuator is provided. The ladder network is comprised of a number of asymmetric power splitting elements and PI-pad resistor attenuator elements. The high-speed switching and long life characteristics of PIN diodes are utilized to switch resistive attenuator elements into or out of the ladder network to provide selectable values of signal attenuation.

Abstract: A phase detector uses the junction of a coplanar waveguide and a slot line. The coplanar waveguide serves as an input terminal and is contiguous to the slot line which is shorted. A strobe pulse is applied to the shorted slot line via a snap-off diode, and an input signal is passed via sampling diodes and capacitors to a common mode output.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided a common antenna signal path selectively coupled to a plurality of signal energy paths, including transmitter and receiver paths. The transmitter and receiver paths are selectively coupled to the common antenna signal path by semiconductive devices capable of being variably biased from conductive to nonconductive states. In the transmit mode, the magnitude of the RF signal energy is detected and developed to adaptively maintain the disabled semiconductive device in a reverse biased or nonconducting state.

Abstract: A transceiver element for controlling the phase of a microwave signal passing therethrough. The transceiver element includes a plurality of switching means arranged to steer a microwave frequency signal provided by a radar system through a nonreciprocal phase shifter to a phased array antenna during a transmit mode, and to steer a microwave frequency signal received by the phased array antenna through the nonreciprocal phase shifter to the radar system during a receive mode. The microwave frequency signal passes through the phase shifter in the same direction during both the transmit and receive modes. A set of control signals is fed to such switching means and the phase shifter of the transceiver element to provide collimated and directed beams of microwave energy during the transmit mode and the receive mode.

Abstract: A solid state radio frequency switching circuit is provided that exhibits up to 25 db isolation between output ports. The circuit integrates the switching versatility of a pin diode switch with the excellent signal isolation of a quarter wavelength combiner.

Abstract: A switch circuit and assembly for selectively connecting any one of a series of inputs each carrying a number of VHF signals to any one of a series of outputs. Each input is applied to a respective input board and each output to a respective output board, the input boards being arranged in parallel and generally perpendicular to the output boards. Connections are made between any one input board and each output board by respective pairs of interengaging terminals arranged adjacent the board edges. Isolating plates are interleaved with the boards, the plates located between the input boards extending into the spaces between the output boards, and the plates located between the output boards extending into the spaces between the input board, thereby defining a series of four sided isolating structures around each interengaging pair of terminals.

Abstract: A circular waveguide dual antenna feed for TVRO reception, which transfers horizontally and vertically polarized received signals in the circular waveguide simultaneously into two coaxial lines parallel with and offset from the circular waveguide axis. For coupling to existing LNA's, the separate coaxial lines from the circular waveguide are extended into a rectangular waveguide which couples to the input-mixer of the conventional LNA. Alternatively, the separate coaxial lines can be coupled separately to two LNA's or they can be combined into a single output terminal. Switching means are provided in each channel so that each channel can be rendered operative or inoperative, as desired. Diode switches are shown. The device requires no moving parts.

Abstract: This invention allows the combination of any M of N signal inputs, combines the signals inputs in phase, and does not require switches to terminate unused inputs.Microstrip switching means provide an array of N quarter-wave tuners and an associated single, common, quarter-wave tuner that are interconnected by N semiconductor switching means. Each of the N semiconductor switches is connected with one of the N quarter-wave tuners and is operable to provide a low impedance between its connected quarter-wave tuner and the single common quarter-wave tuner.Microstrip connecting means for the microstrip switching means forms an array of N transmission lines N associated quarter-wave transformers for semiconductor switch biasing and a single transmission line.

Abstract: An input circuit comprises at least two input paths which are connected to a common input terminal and which are alternately connectable to a common output. The input paths form selection members for the UHF and VHF frequency range whose signals are amplified in a common preamplifier component. In order to avoid mutual influencing of the selection members with simple measures, the output of the VHF selection member is connected to the common output via an impedance of the UHF selection member and a switch is provided for connecting the impedance and the output of the VHF selection member to ground for high frequency. The switch is conductive during UHF operation and then short circuits the output of the connected VHF input path.

Abstract: An improved microwave switch incorporating a fin line structure is described. Microwave switches incorporating fin line structures enable microwave energy to be passed to a load or reflected back to the source, by controlling the conductance state of diodes mounted on the fin line structure. The present invention enables the electrical performance of such switches to be greatly improved. The height of a waveguide channel in the vicinity of the fin line structure is very greatly reduced thereby forcing a waveguide mode of propagation into a slot line so that the fin line structure receives substantially all of the energy supplied to the switch. Higher order modes which are generated at the fin line structure are attenuated by lossy material positioned in choke cavities mounted on either side of the fin line structure.

Abstract: A circuit capable of vector magnitude control and phase reversal for a radio signal such as an intermediate frequency signal. The circuit includes an inverting signal path and a noninverting signal path and means for selecting between the two. Further, a variable attenuation controllable from a function control input establishes the magnitude of the output signal vector. There is also disclosed a phase shifter employing two such circuits. In the phase shifter, a radio signal vector to be shifted is applied to the inputs of the two circuits, with a 90.degree. shift between the two inputs. With proper vector magnitude and phase reversal control of the two circuits, there can be provided a preselected phase shift in any quadrant.

Abstract: Selection elements such as diodes or filters are provided for selectively grounding either one of the two unbalanced terminals of a balun. This allows either a signal, such as the R.F. signals from a VHF or a UHF antenna, applied to the other unbalanced terminal of the balun to be selectively coupled to the balanced terminals of the balun in a diplexer arrangement. In a tuner, the balun may be used as part of a doubly balanced mixer. In another embodiment, the balanced terminals are used as inputs and the unbalanced terminals are used as outputs with the selection elements coupled to the outputs to form an R.F. multiplexer.

Abstract: An improved high frequency signal changeover switch is provided for use especially as a horizontal-vertical selection switch in an artificial satellite broadcast receiving system for the purpose of selectively delivering either vertical or horizontal polarization signals received at its two inputs, respectively, from its single output. This inventive switch has such a significant feature over the prior art switches in that no mismatch occurs among all of these terminals.

Abstract: A transmission line device for coupling two radio waves, such as horizontal and vertical polarized waves such as satellite transmissions, which are traveling in a particular direction along a pair of main transmission lines, selectively to a branch line without problem of mismatch, wherein the branch line is composed of a single feeder and selection of the two waves is effected simply by applying a positive or negative voltage to the feeder.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave switch is provided formed from a profiled wave-guide associated with a PIN diode, filling completely the profiled part of said guide, having a high breakdown voltage and a low thermal resistance.

Abstract: A bidirectional switch for selectively switching a microwave frequency signal between one of two signal paths. The switch includes a pair of field effect transistors, and a pair of transmission lines coupled together at one end thereof to provide a common port. Each second end of each microwave transmission line is coupled to a drain electrode of one of such field effect transistors to provide a branch port at each second end of each microwave transmission line. The electrical lengths of each transmission line are selected in accordance with the operating wavelength of the circuit to provide an impedance corresponding to an open circuit at one end, when a short circuit is provided at the opposite end. A signal is coupled between the common port and a selected one of the branch ports, in response to a pair of complementary binary control signals fed to the gate electrodes of the FETs.

Abstract: Switch apparatus including first and second signal switch paths for coupling signal between one of first and second input ports and an output port. Each switch path includes a pair of series-coupled oppositely-poled diodes and a shunt diode having one electrode coupled to the junction of the diode pair, each diode being coupled to the junction by an electrode of like conductivity type. A biasing means selectively biases one of the diode pairs into conduction for coupling signal between one of the input ports and the output port concurrently with the biasing into conduction of the shunt diode coupled to the junction of the other of the diode pairs for biasing the other diode pair into non-conduction, thereby decoupling signal between the other of the input ports and the output port.

Abstract: A one port-to-M port passive signal power divider circuit (or combiner circuit) where M>2 and .noteq. 2.sup.N, M and N are integers, includes M - 1 two-way in-phase passive power dividers having a signal delay D through each path in one or more delay devices having delay D. Each output of each two-way power divider is coupled to an input of another power divider, a delay line or an output port, the arrangement being such that the delay through all ports of the power divider are equal. In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention the outputs of a passive power divider are connected to two-way switches using active components. The switches under control of a control circuit are utilized to switch the input signal to the power divider to any one of 2.multidot.M output terminals of the switches.

Abstract: A multichannel communications receiver, e.g. a CATV converter, includes a switched filter for reducing third order intermodulation distortion by limiting the number of channels processed by the receiver. In a preferred embodiment, the filter is switchable between a highpass and a lowpass configuration by a control signal supplied to two switching diodes. The input and output of the filter are coupled by a mutual inductance which partially compensates for the effect of parasitic inductance at higher frequencies.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for coupling one of two signal sources to the antenna terminals of a television receiver. An antenna switch is provided which includes solid state switching elements which when receiving a biasing voltage connects one of two input ports to an output port for delivering a signal to a television receiver. In the unbiased state, the remaining input port is connected to the television receiver antenna terminals. High isolation is provided to prevent stray radiation from one signal source being received by a second signal source.

Abstract: A differentiation and distribution switching system for connecting selected ones of a plurality of subscriber lines for receiving a desired signal. The system comprises at least one differentiation circuit connected to an input signal, a removable support for the differentiation circuit, and a plurality of couplers connected to an output line of the differentiation circuit. A switch is connected to each coupler and an associated one of the subscriber lines, whereby to connect a signal on the output line to selected ones of the subscriber lines.

Abstract: A broadband high frequency signal generator is disclosed having a low and a high frequency swept signal source connected to a YIG tuned frequency multiplier. One end of an output coupling loop for the YIG is connected to ground through a PIN diode, and the low frequency signal source is connected to the junction of the output coupling loop and the PIN diode. When the PIN diode is caused to conduct, signals from the high frequency source are passed through the YIG tuned multiplier to an output in the conventional manner. When the PIN diode is not conducting, signals from the low frequency source are passed to the output through the output coupling loop.

Abstract: Microwave hybrid coupler combinations using magic tees in which the symmetrical arms are used for output ports in power combining and the nonsymmetrical arms are used for output ports in power dividing.

Abstract: A P-I-N type diode high frequency switch in a secondary radar interrogation device working with ISLS and RSLS and consisting of a transmitter, two receivers and two antennas. So as to reduce the high cost for P-I-N type diodes, including driver stages for the transmission and reception separation and to eliminate the necessity of an antenna switching unit, the terminals 19 and 20 of a pair of antennas are directly connected through single lines 23 and 24 to band pass filters 5 and 6 connected to respective receivers 7 and 8 with the band pass filters 5 and 6 blocking the transmission signal and allowing reception of received signals and wherein the electrical lengths of the line and the band pass filter is such that the input impedance corresponding to no-load operation occurs at the corresponding antenna terminal for the transmission frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driver for a diode switch comprising a complementary arrangement of a first and a second type of transistor across a voltage source. The first type of transistor is coupled to receive only a-c fluctuations in the input signal and is arranged to be not saturated but at cut off at the beginning of each switching subframe and be turned on for a very short time in response to a predetermined a-c input transition. The second type of transistor is coupled to receive a-c and d-c input signal fluctuations and has a resistive element for limiting the forward-biased current through the diode switch when turned on. A resistive element across the emitter collector terminals of the first type of transistor maintains the appropriate back-biasing potential on the diode switch when both transistors are cut off.

Abstract: A microwave hybrid T-Junction switch using the two main (symmetrical) arms as input/output ports and two branch arms (E and H-plane) as control terminals, one of the branch arms containing a biased diode for switching and the other branch arm terminated with a fixed electrical short.

Abstract: An electrical phase shifting circuit element of the reflection type including a quadrature coupler branch network, a matched pair of selectively coupled transmission lines and an electrical switching element corresponding to each pair of transmission lines, all being separated distributively from each other and a ground plane by a dielectric material, is disclosed. One end of one transmission line of each pair is connected to a corresponding phase splitting port of the quadrature coupler and another end of the other transmission line of each pair is coupled to the switching element which is preferably a pin diode. The pin diodes may be governed by a common switching signal to electrically connect and disconnect the another ends of the other transmission lines to the ground plane.

Abstract: A 90 degree phase stepper is described comprising a tandem array of three, 3 db hybrid couplers where the first and third couplers are of one variety (either 90 degree or 180 degree couplers) and the second is of the other variety. A pair of variable phase shifters are located in the two wavepaths connecting the first and second couplers, and a single variable phase shifter is included in one of the two wavepaths connecting the second and third couplers. Each phase shifter introduces either a zero or a 180 degree phase shift. By the appropriate selection of phase shifts, the phase of the output signal can be stepped in 90 degree increments. The stepper is designed for use in the signal combining circuit of a space diversity system. It is an advantage of the circuit that all of the received signal is preserved.

Abstract: A 90 degree phase stepper is described comprising a tandem array of one 90 degree hybrid coupler and one 180 degree hybrid coupler. A phase shifter, capable of introducing either zero or 180 degrees of phase shift, is included in each of the two wavepaths connecting the two couplers. By the appropriate selection of phase shifts, the phase of the output signal can be continuously increased or decreased in 90 degree or 180 degree increments.

Abstract: A four-port waveguide switch is described which allows any two pairs of ports to be connected together. A separate waveguide independently connects each port with each of the remaining ports. In each of the six separate waveguides there is provided at least one resonant cavity having a passband that includes the frequencies of the incident microwave signals to be switched. A disrupting structure is provided for each resonant cavity. Each disrupting structure may be switched between a first state wherein the respective cavity is not detuned and a second state wherein the respective cavity is detuned such that it reflects the incident microwave signals. By switching the appropriate disrupting structures to their second state, any of the three possible connecting states of a four port switch of the present invention can be obtained.