Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure relate to a radio frequency coupler and an adjustable termination impedance circuit. In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a radio frequency coupler and a termination impedance circuit configured to provide an adjustable termination impedance, in which the termination impedance circuit includes two switches and a passive impedance element in series between a reference potential and a selected port of the RF coupler, the selected port being one of an isolated port of the RF coupler or a coupled port of the RF coupler.

Abstract: An active attenuator is disclosed. The attenuator includes a divider to divide an input signal into two signals, a phase shifter to shift a phase of one of output signals of the divider, and a combiner to combine an output of the phase shifter with another of output signals of the divider. The phase shifter includes a coupler and two reflectors, or two amplifiers to cause a phase difference between two signals.

Abstract: A self-cascadable phase shifter having a two corresponding pairs of input and output pins. Each pair of input and output pins are interconnected by phase delay circuitry that is isolated from phase delay circuitry interconnecting the other pair of input and output pins so that each pair of input and output pins produces, for example, a 90 degree phase shift. The resulting phase shifter can be used to produce a 90 degree by using one pair of input and output pins or cascading both pairs of input and output pins to provide a 180 degree delay.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer readable media for simulating per-UE Doppler shifts. One exemplary method includes generating uplink signals to be transmitted from a plurality of different simulated UEs to an air interface device under test. The method further includes applying per-UE Doppler shifts to the signals, wherein applying per-UE Doppler shifts includes applying different Doppler shifts to at least some of the signals. The method further includes transmitting the signals to the air interface device under test.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a signal line for carrying a radio frequency signal; a coupling line inductively coupled to the signal line for delivering an induced signal in dependence on the radio frequency signal; a connecting line connected to a pick-off point of the coupling line for picking off the induced signal from the coupling line; and a conductive part for shielding the coupling line against electromagnetic interference and for enhancing inductive coupling between the signal line and the coupling line. The conductive part may have a uniform flat surface facing the coupling line. The signal line may extend parallel to the surface. The coupling line may extend parallel to the signal line and may be arranged between the surface and the signal line.

Abstract: Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.

Abstract: A transmitter in an RFID system, the transmitter includes a signal generator which has a PIN diode and generates a first signal, a directional unit connected to a cathode of the PIN diode; and an antenna connected to the directional unit, wherein the signal generator has a first terminal configured to receive a first control signal to control a frequency band of the first signal and a second terminal configured to receive a second control signal to control a modulation depth of the first signal.

Abstract: A directional coupler that provides directional coupling and an impedance transformation is disclosed. In one embodiment, the directional coupler includes a low pass filter having a filter inductor that is coupled between an input port and an output port and a filter capacitor coupled between the output port and ground. The directional coupler also includes detector circuitry wherein the filter inductor is magnetically coupled to a detector inductor in the detector circuitry such that current passing through the filter inductor generates a detector current through the detector inductor. Furthermore, the low pass filter and the detector circuitry cooperate to transform a first impedance presented at the output port to a second impedance presented at the input port. Accordingly, the filter inductor is used in the low pass filter to provide an impedance transformation so as to operate with the detector circuitry to provide a detector current for directional coupling.

Abstract: A coupling circuit, including: a coupler including a first conductive line and a second conductive line coupled to the first one; at each end of the second line of the coupler, a two-output signal splitter; and at each output of each splitter, a filtering function.

Abstract: A directional coupler according to the present invention includes a primary line for transmitting a transmission signal; an input port for inputting the transmission signal to the primary line; an output port for outputting the transmission signal from the primary line; a secondary line for electromagnetically coupling with the primary line to extract part of the transmission signal; a coupling port provided at one end of the secondary line; an isolation port provided at the other end of the secondary line; and a low pass filter unit having a function of low pass filter, disposed between the secondary line and the coupling port.

Abstract: A directional coupler is disclosed integrated on a single chip and an integrated circuit based on a standard CMOS process and relates to a field of radio frequency communication. In exemplary implementations, by using a standard CMOS process technology, the directional coupler integrated by a CMOS process is formed by a coil wound by a upper layer of metal lines, a coil wound by a lower layer of metal lines, two tuning capacitor array, and a matching resistor. Two terminals of the coil are a direct terminal and an input terminal; two terminals of the coil are a coupled terminal and an isolation terminal; the terminals of the coils and are intersected at 90°; the coil is wound by an upper metal layer and the coil is wound by a lower metal layer. Further, the insertion loss is low and the isolation degree is large.

Abstract: A directional coupler includes in a laminate block, a first main line, a first sub-line, a second sub-line, and a second main line sequentially provided in a lamination direction of layers. Further, each of the first main line, the first sub-line, the second sub-line, and the second main line is divided into at least two divided coil conductors. Furthermore, at least two divided ground conductors are provided between the first sub-line and the second sub-line.

Abstract: A balun transformer includes an unbalanced terminal, two balanced terminals, a directional coupler, a low pass filter, and a high pass filter. The directional coupler includes first, second, third and fourth terminals. The first terminal is connected to the unbalanced terminal. A predetermined phase difference exists between the output signal of the second terminal and the output signal of the third terminal. The second terminal is connected to the first terminal by a line constituting the directional coupler. The low pass filter is connected between the second terminal and one of the balanced terminals. The high pass filter is connected between the third terminal and the other balanced terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low phase shift voltage variable attenuator. The low phase shift voltage variable attenuator may include: a first directional coupler including a first input terminal in which a signal is input, a first isolation terminal connected to a ground power source through a termination resistor, a first coupling terminal, and a first through terminal; a second directional coupler including a second input terminal through which an attenuated signal, which is the attenuated input input signal, is output, a second isolation terminal connected to a ground power source through a termination resistor, a second coupling terminal, and a second through terminal; and a signal attenuating unit connected to the first coupling terminal, the first through terminal, the second coupling terminal, and the second through terminal, and configured to attenuate a signal transmitted through the first directional coupler to transmit the attenuated signal to the second directional coupler.

Abstract: An antenna circuit is having an impedance circuit which can cancel signal leakage from the input port into the isolation port of a directional coupler. The antenna circuit further comprises a second impedance circuit for optimising power transfer from the input port to the output port of the directional coupler. Furthermore, the antenna is tunable in order to maximize the reception strength of the antenna. The antenna circuit provides at once the possibility of tuning the antenna strength, optimising the power transmission and reducing signal jamming by cancelling signal leakage. The antenna finds use as an effective and miniature RFID antenna.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a directional coupler includes a coupler circuit and at least one amplifier coupled between a coupler circuit isolated port and a directional coupler isolated port and/or between a coupler circuit coupled port and a directional coupler coupled port. In various embodiments, the directional coupler is disposed over and/or in a substrate.

Abstract: Communication between chips is provided using a transmission line. Any one of the chips may tap into the transmission line, and communicate with another chip tapped into the transmission line by transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal to the other chip via the transmission line or receiving an RF signal from the other chip via the transmission line. The transmission line may include a microstrip transmission line, a waveguide, a stripline transmission line, or another type of transmission line. The chips may use the transmission line to communicate data, control and/or clock signals with one another.

Abstract: A directional coupler that provides directional coupling and an impedance transformation is disclosed. In one embodiment, the directional coupler includes a low pass filter having a filter inductor that is coupled between an input port and an output port and a filter capacitor coupled between the output port and ground. The directional coupler also includes detector circuitry wherein the filter inductor is magnetically coupled to a detector inductor in the detector circuitry such that current passing through the filter inductor generates a detector current through the detector inductor. Furthermore, the low pass filter and the detector circuitry cooperate to transform a first impedance presented at the output port to a second impedance presented at the input port. Accordingly, the filter inductor is used in the low pass filter to provide an impedance transformation so as to operate with the detector circuitry to provide a detector current for directional coupling.

Abstract: A distributed differential coupler, including a first conductive line and two second conductive lines coupled to the first one, each second conductive line including two conductive sections electrically in series, their respective junctions points being intended to be grounded.

Abstract: Systems and methods for achieving high directivity (>20 dB) coupling over a reasonable frequency bandwidth on a microstrip transmission line. An exemplary coupler cancels out-of-phase, coupled reflected power signals on the transmission line thereby increasing the directivity.

Abstract: Provided is a transmission and reception signal detecting apparatus, which includes a directional coupler and a signal detecting part. The directional coupler includes a first port and a second port. The signal detecting part is connected to the first and second ports of the directional coupler and detects an output of a first signal transmitted through the first port and an output of a second signal transmitted through the second port. The signal detecting part is connected to the first port under a first operation condition. The signal detecting part is connected to the second port under a second operation condition.

Abstract: A coupler is presented that has high-directivity and low coupling coefficient variation. The coupler includes a first trace associated with a first port and a second port. The first trace includes a first main arm, a first connecting trace connecting the first main arm to the second port, and a non-zero angle between the first main arm and the first connecting trace. Further, the coupler includes a second trace associated with a third port and a fourth port. The second trace includes a second main arm.

Abstract: A coupler is presented that has high-directivity and low coupling coefficient variation. The coupler includes a first trace with a first edge substantially parallel to a second edge and substantially equal in length to the second edge. The first trace includes a third edge substantially parallel to a fourth edge. The fourth edge is divided into three segments. The outer segments are a first distance from the third edge. The middle segment is a second distance from the third edge. Further, the coupler includes a second trace, which includes a first edge substantially parallel to a second edge and substantially equal in length to the second edge. The second trace includes a third edge substantially parallel to a fourth edge. The fourth edge is divided into three segments. The outer segments are a first distance from the third edge. The middle segment is a second distance from the third edge.

Abstract: A directional coupler with increased directivity is disclosed. There is an input port, an output port, a coupled port, and a ballasting port. A first transmission element has a first connection to the input port and a second connection to the output port, and a second transmission element has a first connection to the coupled port and a second connection to the ballasting port. A first compensation capacitor is connected to the input port and the coupled port, and a second compensation capacitor is connected to the input port and the ballasting port.

Abstract: A coupler is presented that has high-directivity and low coupling coefficient variation. The coupler includes a first trace associated with a first port and a second port. The first port is configured substantially as an input port and the second port is configured substantially as an output port. The coupler further includes a second trace associated with a third port and a fourth port. The third port is configured substantially as a coupled port and the fourth port is configured substantially as an isolated port. In addition, the coupler includes a first capacitor configured to introduce a discontinuity to induce a mismatch in the coupler.

Abstract: A directional coupler includes: a main strip line connected between a first input terminal and a first output terminal and transmitting high-frequency signals; a sub strip line connected between a second input terminal and a second output terminal, located parallel to the main strip line, and electromagnetically coupled to the main strip line; and a first capacitor connected in parallel with the main strip line or the sub strip line, wherein an LC resonant circuit is constituted by inductances of the main strip line and sub strip line and capacitance of the first capacitor, and the LC resonant circuit resonates with respect to a high-frequency signal propagating from the first input terminal to the second output terminal.

Abstract: Microstrip directional couplers and methods of their design are disclosed. According to one aspect, a microstrip directional coupler has a substrate of a first thickness. Disposed upon the substrate is a first microstrip having a first portion of a first length and a second microstrip having a second portion of a second length. The first and second microstrips are positioned to exhibit a gap between the first portion and the second portion. The first and second lengths are less than one sixteenth of a wavelength at the lowest frequency of operation of the directional coupler. The gap is less than a predetermined amount to reduce a difference in phase velocity of even and odd modes of the microstrip directional coupler.

Abstract: A coupler circuit that includes two parallel coupled transmission lines (first transmission line and second transmission line) and a third transmission line, one end of the third transmission line connects to the end of first transmission line at one side, the other end of the third transmission line connects to the end of the second transmission line at the other side. Various coupling value and impedance transforming ratio can be achieved by select corresponding even and odd mode impedance of the coupled transmission lines and characteristic impedance of the crossing transmission line.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing signals via directional couplers embedded in a package are disclosed and may include generating via a directional coupler, one or more output RF signals that may be proportional to a received RF signal. The directional coupler may be integrated in a multi-layer package. The generated RE signal may be processed by an integrated circuit electrically coupled to the multi-layer package. The directional coupler may include quarter wavelength transmission lines, which may include microstrip or coplanar structures. The directional coupler may be electrically coupled to one or more variable capacitances in the integrated circuit. The variable capacitance may include CMOS devices in the integrated circuit. The directional coupler may include discrete devices, which may be surface mount devices coupled to the multi-layer package or may be devices integrated in the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may be flip-chip bonded to the multi-layer package.

Abstract: Disclosed is a directional coupler including a broadside coupled line 1031 provided with a main signal line conductor 1001 and a secondary signal line conductor 1011 arranged in parallel with the main signal line conductor 1001, and an offset broadside coupled line 1032 provided with a main signal line conductor 1002 having an end portion connected to an end portion of the main signal line conductor 1001 and a second secondary signal line conductor 1012 having an end portion connected to an end portion of the secondary signal line conductor 1011, and arranged in parallel with the main signal line conductor 1002, in which a coupled line impedance in the broadside coupled line 1031 is lower than a terminal impedance and a coupled line impedance in the offset broadside coupled line 1032 is higher than the terminal impedance.

Abstract: A multiband coupling circuit including: a number of paths equal to the number of frequency bands, each path having a first terminal and a second terminal; a third terminal and a fourth terminal; a number of distributed couplers equal to the number of paths, all couplers being identical and sized according to the highest frequency band, and each coupler including a first conductive line between first and second ports connected to the first and second terminals of the concerned path, and a second conductive line coupled to the first one between third and fourth ports; a first set of attenuations between the third ports of the couplers and the third terminal of the circuit; and an array of filters between the fourth ports of the coupler and the fourth terminal of the circuit.

Abstract: A power combiner/divider W1 which includes: a body portion in which a cavity is formed; a center coaxial connector which is formed on an approximately center portion of the body portion; a plurality of peripheral coaxial connectors 14 which are arranged concentrically about the center coaxial connector 11 and are formed on the body portion; a radial line which is formed in the cavity formed in the body portion; a center coaxial line which has one end thereof connected to the center coaxial connector and the other end thereof connected to a center portion of the radial line; and a peripheral coaxial line which has one end thereof connected to the peripheral coaxial connector and the other end thereof connected to an outer peripheral portion of the radial line, an impedance conversion part is provided to the radial line in one or plural stages.

Abstract: In a directional coupler, even when parasitic inductance exists, an increase in device size can be suppressed while obtaining good isolation characteristics. A transmission line type directional coupler includes a main line and a sub line that is coupled to the main line through electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling. The main line includes a signal input port and a signal output port, and the sub line includes a coupling port and an isolation port. A series capacitor is connected to only one of the signal output port and the coupling port.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of simultaneous transmission and reception in a single-antenna radio transceiver. The transceiver may be used, for instance, for communication between at least two terminals, by use of multiple intermediate recruited transceiver nodes. The recruited transceiver nodes receive a signal from a master mode, and then retransmit the signal to a receiver. The recruited transceiver nodes are designed to have reduced interference between the transmit channel and the received channel. In accordance with one aspect of the present application, embodiments can achieve more robust wireless communication between a transmitter and an over-the-horizon receiver. The robust wireless communication will have improved resistance to interference, including self-interference, and improved communication range.

Abstract: A distributed coupler including a first line intended to convey a radio signal between its two ends and a second line intended to sample, by coupling, part of the signal, wherein: one of the lines is formed on an insulating substrate; and the other line is formed in a lead frame supporting the substrate, one line being above the other.

Abstract: In a directional coupler, a laminated body includes a plurality of insulator layers that are laminated to one another. A main line and a sub-line are embedded in the laminated body, include spiral-shaped portions including central axes parallel or substantially parallel to a z-axis direction, and are electromagnetically coupled to each other. The main line and the sub-line have the same or substantially the same shape and are provided within regions coinciding or substantially coinciding with each other in a y-axis direction.

Abstract: A coupler comprises a first line and a second line in each case with two connectors. The lines run in spatial proximity and are coupled. A first connector of the first line and a first connector of the second line are disposed in spatial proximity. A second connector of the first line and a second connector of the second line are disposed in spatial proximity. A signal does not couple or couples only with a high attenuation from the first connector of the first line to the first connector of the second line. The signal is split, in particular, at the design frequency, into largely identical parts to the second connector of the first line and the second connector of the second line. The first line and the second line in this context are strip conductors.

Abstract: A distributed-line directional coupler including: a first conductive line between first and second ports intended to convey a signal to be transmitted; and a second conductive line, coupled to the first one, between third and fourth ports, the second line being interrupted approximately at its middle, the two intermediary ends being connected to attenuators.

Abstract: A directional dual distributed coupler including: a first conductive line between first and second ports, intended to convey a signal to be transmitted in a first frequency band; a second conductive line coupled to the first one; a third conductive line between third and fourth ports, intended to convey a signal to be transmitted in a greater frequency band than the first one; a fourth conductive line coupled to the third one; and at least one diplexer connecting, on the side of the second and fourth ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a fifth port.

Abstract: An integrated coupler may vertically integrate a hybrid coupler and a directional coupler. The hybrid coupler may include a first quarter-wave metallic strip dielectrically coupled to a second quarter-wave strip. The directional coupler may include the second quarter-wave metallic strip dielectrically coupled to a third metallic strip. The first quarter-wave metallic strip may receive a first input signal. The second quarter-wave metallic strip may receive a second input signal, and it may superimpose the first quarter-wave metallic strip along a vertical space, so as to combine power received from the first input signal and the second input signal to form an output signal. The third quarter-wave metallic strip may superimpose the second quarter-wave metallic strip along the vertical space, so as to sample the output signal of the second quarter-wave metallic strip.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes a component having a closed signal path, that closed signal path connected to a first port, a second port and at least a third port. The component has a directed signal flow of a signal applied to one of that ports. Such a coupling device can be connected to a transmitter and to a receiver path, respectively.

Abstract: A directional coupler includes: a main strip line connected between a first input terminal and a first output terminal and transmitting high-frequency signals; a sub strip line connected between a second input terminal and a second output terminal, located parallel to the main strip line, and electromagnetically coupled to the main strip line; and a first capacitor connected in parallel with the main strip line or the sub strip line, wherein an LC resonant circuit is constituted by inductances of the main strip line and sub strip line and capacitance of the first capacitor, and the LC resonant circuit resonates with respect to a high-frequency signal propagating from the first input terminal to the second output terminal.

Abstract: Active directional couplers are provided. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the subject active directional couplers are tunable. The tuning is accomplished via varactors connected to the lines of the active directional couplers. Active directional elements are provided between different lines of the subject active directional couplers to control a signal path between ports of the different lines. The active directional elements are selected from diodes, transistors, inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, and active baluns. The lines include a phase shift element between the two ports of each line. The phase shift element is selected from a transmission line, a delay line, and a phase shifter. Advantageously, the subject lines do not have to be designed for ideal phase shifting and can be designed at near 90° or near ?/4 values.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a circuit including a radio frequency (RF) power amplification module having an RF power amplifier. The RF power amplification module may further include a directional coupler coupled with the RF power amplifier and configured to produce a power signal at a coupling port of the directional coupler corresponding to an output power of the RF power amplifier. The RF power amplification module may further include a switch coupled between the coupling terminal and a sensing path to selectively couple the coupling port with a power detector via the sensing path. The RF power amplification module may further include a termination load coupled to an isolation port of the directional coupler. Some embodiments may include a plurality of RF power amplification modules coupled together by the sensing path.

Abstract: A system for power smoothing in power distribution and methods are provided. In one embodiment, a power multiplying network is provided that comprises a multiply-connected, velocity inhibiting circuit constructed from a number of lumped-elements. The power multiplying network is coupled to a power distribution network. The power multiplying network is configured to store power from and supply power to the power distribution network.

Abstract: An RF directional coupler fabricated utilizing a printed circuit structure that includes a plated slot or trough as and electrical conduit. The slot intersects a capture pad at the end of the trace. The plating wraps around to this capture pad making the trough a hollow trace. The hollow trace allows a large surface area to be parallel in the same plane. The smooth surface of the routed slot allows for a smooth copper surface unlike a typical wall of a hole or treated copper. These unique vertical edge plated troughs inside the coupler providing two significant advantages over previous coupling techniques. First, the surface area of the lines is greater which greatly increases its power handling capability. Second, the mainline and coupled lines all lie in the same plane simplifying construction of the coupler into a pick and place circuit.

Abstract: A terminal circuit is applied to a bi-directional coupler. The terminal circuit includes a transmission line having a first end and a second end, a first resistor connecting the first end and a first ground and a second resistor connecting the second end and a second ground. A resistance value of the first resistor is substantially identical to that of the second resistor.

Abstract: A power multiplier and method are provided. The power multiplier includes a power multiplying network that is a multiply-connected, velocity inhibiting circuit constructed from a number of lumped-elements. The power multiplier also includes a launching network, and a directional coupler that couples the launching network to the power multiplying network. The power multiplier provides for power multiplication at nominal power generation frequencies such as 50 Hertz, 60 Hertz, and other power frequencies, in a compact circuit.

Abstract: A compact and low-cost radiofrequency coupler, notably for the production of radiofrequency transmitters, includes a transmission line and a measuring line, the measuring line being coupled to the transmission line by the intermediary of windings, the transmission line, the measuring line and the windings being printed on a printed circuit board, upon which is fixed, by a clip-on technique, a binocular ferrite core that is essentially planar and E-shaped and whose central branch is disposed between the transmission line and the measuring line and whose distal branches are disposed in the central region of the planar windings.

Abstract: In an electronic component, a main line includes a spiral-shaped portion having a central axis that is parallel or substantially parallel to a z-axis direction. A sub line is electromagnetically coupled with the main line to define a directional coupler, and includes a spiral-shaped portion having a central axis that is parallel or substantially parallel to the z-axis direction. Outer electrodes are provided on an end surface of a multilayer body and are respectively electrically connected to the two ends of the main line. Outer electrodes are provided on an end surface of the multilayer body and are respectively electrically connected to the two ends of the sub line. A region in which the main line is provided and a region in which the sub line is provided are superposed with each other in the z-axis stacking direction.