Abstract: A semiconductor switch for switching a signal according to input power and maintaining performance of a receiver system with a simple configuration. The semiconductor switch comprises: a first FET connected between a first input/output terminal and a second input/output terminal; a first transmission line connected between the first input/output terminal and a third input/output terminal; a second transmission line parallel to the first transmission line; and a detector circuit connected to one end of the second transmission line, for outputting a DC voltage corresponding to power level of the high frequency signal, branched by the second transmission line. The first FET is controlled and switched according to an output from the detector circuit to switch between a route from the first input/output terminal to the second input/output terminal and a route from the first input/output terminal to the third input/output terminal.

Abstract: A directional coupler capable of improving a directionality of a directional coupler body including four terminals. The directional coupler includes a directional coupler body including the four terminals of an input port, an output port, a coupling port, and an isolation port; and a combiner for combining powers of an output signal of the coupling port and an output signal of the isolation port of the directional coupler body; and a directionality improving circuit for amplifying or attenuating at least one of the output signal of the coupling port and the output signal of the isolation port before outputting the same, and the combiner combines powers of the output signals amplified or attenuated by the directionality improving circuit.

Abstract: High-frequency couplers and coupling techniques are described utilizing artificial composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL). Three specific forms of couplers are described; (1) a coupled-line backward coupler is described with arbitrary tight/loose coupling and broad bandwidth; (2) a compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring coupler is described with increased bandwidth and decreased size; and (3) a dual-band branch-line coupler that is not limited to a harmonic relation between the bands. These variations are preferably implemented in a microstrip fabrication process and may use lumped-element components. The couplers and coupling techniques are directed at increasing the utility while decreasing the size of high-frequency couplers, and are suitable for use with separate coupler or couplers integrated within integrated devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Multi-Band Doherty amplifier. Embodiments of the present invention provide an amplifying structure including a main amplifier configured to amplify a first signal, a peak amplifier configured to amplify a second signal, a tunable impedance inverter configured to perform impedance inversion to modulate a load impedance of the main amplifier, and a combining node configured to receive the amplified second signal from the peak amplifier and an output of the tunable impedance inverter. The tunable impedance inverter includes a tuner configured to tune the impedance inversion over at least one broad frequency band. The tuner is (i) at least one capacitor, (i) at least one varactor, or (ii) at least one open stub shunted by a diode.

Abstract: A multiple antenna system is described herein that mitigates the negative effects of mutually coupled antennas on the connected transmitters and/or receivers. The antenna system comprises a directional coupler and two or more antennas. The directional coupler comprises multiple communication ports that each connect to corresponding antenna ports. The connection ports each connect to a different transmitter, receiver, or transceiver. A transmission line connects each antenna port to an antenna. The lengths of the transmission lines and the coupling factor of the directional coupler are selected to decouple the communication ports of the directional coupler. More particularly, the coupling factor and the transmission line lengths are selected so that antenna crosstalk signals caused by mutual coupling between the antennas and the coupled signals produced by the directional coupler have the same magnitude but opposite phase at the communication ports of the directional coupler.

Abstract: A compact directional coupler and a mobile Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) reader transceiver system using the same. The compact directional coupler can include a primary transmission line, a secondary transmission line, and a second capacitor connected in parallel to the secondary transmission line. The coupler can further include a first capacitor connected in parallel to the primary transmission line and capacitors connected between both end of the first capacitors and the ground respectively. A mobile RFID reader transceiver system can include a transmission terminal circuit, a power amplifier, the compact directional coupler, an antenna, a low noise amplifier, and the reception terminal circuit. The system further can include a band-pass filer, and/or a power combiner to match an output terminal of the power amplifier.

Abstract: A directional coupler provides at least two coupled lines, at least three ports and at least one inductor. A high-frequency signal is transmitted from the first coupled line to the second coupled line. The circuit is constructed in stripline technology. In this context, the second coupled line provides a forward path and a return path, which are connected to a port. An inductor is connected in series to the return path.

Abstract: A hybrid coupler for UHF-band television transmission has a box containing two lines, each of which is insulated from the box and from the other line, is connected to the other line in a “tandem” configuration, and has a first, a second, and a third portion separate from one another and connected respectively to the third, second, and first portion of the other line to define a first, a second, and a third coupling section to achieve a constant connection over the whole UHF band.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a matching network including a tunable reactance circuit configured to be coupled to at least one of a transmitter portion and a receiver portion of a communication device, where the tunable reactance circuit is adjustable to a plurality of tuning states, and where the determination of a tuning state is based on whether detected signal measurements are determined to be invalid and is based on information from at least one of an open-loop or closed-loop feedback configuration of the tunable reactance circuit. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor die has an RF coupler and balun integrated on a common substrate. The RF coupler includes first and second conductive traces formed in close proximity. The RF coupler further includes a resistor. The balun includes a primary coil and two secondary coils. A first capacitor is coupled between first and second terminals of the semiconductor die. A second capacitor is coupled between a third terminal of the semiconductor die and a ground terminal. A third capacitor is coupled between a fourth terminal of the semiconductor die and the ground terminal. A fourth capacitor is coupled between the high side and low side of the primary coil. The integration of the RF coupler and balun on the common substrate offers flexible coupling strength and signal directivity, and further improves electrical performance due to short lead lengths, reduces form factor, and increases manufacturing yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a waveguide type rat-race circuit capable of being used suitably in a high-frequency region; further disclosed is a mixer using said circuit. This waveguide type rat-rate circuit is equipped with a circular waveguide part (30) that is provided with first-fourth ports (11-14) and that is partitioned into a first waveguide part (21) which connects the first and second ports, a second waveguide part (22) which connects the second and third ports, a third waveguide part (23) which connects the third and fourth ports, and a fourth waveguide part (24) which connects the fourth and first ports. The amount of phase shift of the first-third waveguide parts is (2n+1)?/2, and the difference between the sum of the amounts of phase shift of the first-third waveguide parts and the amount of phase shift of the fourth waveguide part is 2(m?1)?. This waveguide type rat-rate circuit is capable of being used suitably in a high-frequency region.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: An apparatus amplifies RF signals in a communication system by using a first directional coupler having at least two inputs and at least two outputs; at least two RF amplifiers, where an input of each RF amplifier is connected to a different one of the at least two outputs of the first directional coupler; and a second directional coupler having at least two inputs and at least two outputs, where each one of the at least two inputs is connected to an output of a different one of the at least two RF amplifiers. The at least two outputs of the second directional coupler are connected to at least two antennas, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact weakly coupled directional coupler combined with an integrated impedance transformation and matching circuit where the impedance transformation and matching circuit facilitates the fabrication of a highly miniaturized directional coupler with optimum electrical performance where the physical dimensions of the coupled transmission lines fall inside the constraints of the fabrication process.

Abstract: A radio and antenna system has a first microwave radio, second microwave radio, a first antenna and a dual mode coupler that has a first dual mode transmission line extending between a first port and a third port and a second dual mode transmission line extending between a second port and a microwave absorbing termination. The first microwave radio is coupled to the first port. The second microwave radio is coupled to the second port. The antenna is coupled to the third port. The first dual mode transmission line is coupled to the second dual mode transmission line so that microwave signals in either of the first dual mode transmission line and the second dual mode transmission line propagates microwave signals in the other of the first dual mode transmission line and the second dual mode transmission line.

Abstract: High-frequency couplers and coupling techniques are described utilizing artificial composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL). Three specific forms of couplers are described; (1) a coupled-line backward coupler is described with arbitrary tight/loose coupling and broad bandwidth; (2) a compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring coupler is described with increased bandwidth and decreased size; and (3) a dual-band branch-line coupler that is not limited to a harmonic relation between the bands. These variations are preferably implemented in a microstrip fabrication process and may use lumped-element components. The couplers and coupling techniques are directed at increasing the utility while decreasing the size of high-frequency couplers, and are suitable for use with separate coupler or couplers integrated within integrated devices.

Abstract: A cascaded directional couplers circuit having capacitive compensation such that the directivity of a resistively terminated one of the cascaded couplers is not degraded by an inductance of the other one of the cascaded directional couplers.

Abstract: Provided is a high-frequency switch formed by a first switch circuit connected in parallel to a first ?/4 signal transmission path for transmitting a transmission signal from a transmission terminal and a second switch circuit connected in parallel to a second ?/4 signal transmission path for transmitting a reception signal to a reception terminal. The high-frequency switch further includes a directivity coupler which has the first ?/4 signal transmission path as a constituent element and detects a reflected wave of the transmission signal. The directivity coupler includes: the first ?/4 signal transmission path; a ?/4 signal line arranged to oppose to the first ?/4 signal transmission path; a reflected wave output terminal connected to one end of the ?/4 signal line; and a terminal resistor connected to the other end of the ?/4 signal line.

Abstract: An electromagnetic interconnect method and apparatus effects contactless, proximity connections between elements in an electronics system. Data to be communicated between elements in an electronic system are modulated into a carrier signal and transmitted contactlessly by electromagnetic coupling. The electromagnetic coupling may be directly between elements in the system or through an intermediary transmission medium.

Abstract: An impulse generation circuit is provided for generating an impulse using a transmission line. Impulse characteristics of the impulse generation circuit are varied with the length of a transmission line rather than the characteristic variation of various devices used therein. The length of the transmission line is adjusted, such that a width of a generated pulse is adjusted. Because an end of the transmission line is short-circuited, the transmission line length can be easily adjusted on a substrate, and a ringing phenomenon due to re-reflection can be removed using termination impedance.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing signals via directional couplers embedded in an integrated circuit package are disclosed and may include generating via a directional coupler, one or more output RF signals that may be proportional to a received RF signal. The directional coupler may be integrated in a multi-layer package. The generated RF signal may be processed by an integrated circuit electrically coupled to the multi-layer package. The directional coupler may include quarter wavelength transmission lines, which may include microstrip or coplanar structures. The directional coupler may be electrically coupled to one or more variable capacitances in the integrated circuit. The variable capacitance may include CMOS devices in the integrated circuit. The directional coupler may include discrete devices, which may be surface mount devices coupled to the multi-layer package or may be devices integrated in the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may be flip-chip bonded to the multi-layer package.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing a leakage signal includes a coupler including a transmission port through which a transmission signal is input, an antenna port through which the transmission signal is output to an antenna and a receiving signal is input from the antenna, and a receiving port through which the receiving signal is output; and a removing unit which outputs, to the receiving port, a leakage removing signal having a same magnitude as one of or a sum of a magnitude of a first leakage signal of the transmission signal, which is generated at the transmission port and input to the receiving port, and a magnitude of a second leakage signal of the transmission signal which is input to the receiving port through the antenna port, the leakage removing signal having an opposite phase to one of the phases or an aggregate phase of the first and second leakage signals.

Abstract: In a directional coupler with two coupled lines arranged in a flat chamber of an enclosed metal housing within the coupling region side-by-side in the longitudinal direction and at a spacing distance from one another, of which the ends are connected to connecting ports attached at the sides of the metal housing, these coupled lines include flat, sheet-metal strip conductors, which are arranged within the coupling region with their broad sides facing towards one another side-by-side at a spacing distance and held by several support elements made of insulating material in a cantilever manner at a spacing distance from the opposing internal walls of the flat metal-housing chamber within the latter. In this context, at least one strip conductor is curved relative to the opposing strip conductor in such a manner that the spacing distance of the strip conductors in coupling region increases starting from the beginning of the coupling region approximately exponentially up to the end of the coupling region.

Abstract: A circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, high isolation and noise figure suppression comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; three quadrature hybrids, two directional couplers; wherein transmit signal entering the transmit port are split into quadrature components and coupled separately and directionally by the two directional couplers to the antenna port where the coupled quadrature components of the transmit signal are recombined in phase, while the transmit leakage to the receive port are recombined destructively in phase; said arrangement simultaneously allows the receive signal entering the antenna port to be split into quadrature components by the antenna quadrature hybrid and transmitted through the directional couplers separately and entering the receive quadrature hybrid where the quadrature components of the receive signal are recombined in phase at the receive port; said arrangement reduces the insertion loss from the antenna

Abstract: A circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, high isolation and noise figure suppression comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; three quadrature hybrids, two directional couplers; wherein transmit signal entering the transmit port are split into quadrature components and coupled separately and directionally by the two directional couplers to the antenna port where the coupled quadrature components of the transmit signal are recombined in phase, while the transmit leakage to the receive port are recombined destructively in phase; said arrangement simultaneously allows the receive signal entering the antenna port to be split into quadrature components by the antenna quadrature hybrid and transmitted through the directional couplers separately and entering the receive quadrature hybrid where the quadrature components of the receive signal are recombined in phase at the receive port; said arrangement reduces the insertion loss from the antenna

Abstract: One embodiment comprises a directional coupler system comprising a substrate having a top surface and a backside surface, with the backside surface comprising a metalization ground portion and an unmetalized portion. A power line is coupled to the top surface, with the power line having an input adapted to receive a power signal, a first trace coupled to the input, a second trace in parallel with the first trace and coupled to the input, and an output coupled to the first and second traces and adapted to emit the power signal. A sensor line is coupled to the backside surface unmetalized portion, with the sensor line adapted to emit a sensor line signal having a sensor line signal level generally proportional to the power signal. Finally, a thermo-conductive base platform coupled to the metalized portion of the backside surface.

Abstract: A coupler assembly includes a monolithic body (5) with a bore (11) along a longitudinal axis. A coupler PCB chamber (7) with at least one coupler slot(s> (9) communicates between the PCB chamber and the bore. A coupler printed circuit board (15) is seated in the coupler PCB chamber. At least two couplers (17) are mounted upon the printed circuit board aligned generally parallel with the at least one coupler slot(s). A first side of each coupler may be coupled to a terminating load and a second side of each coupler may be coupled to a connection interface.

Abstract: A circuit topology for multiple loads includes a driving terminal for transmitting a driving signal, a number of transmitting lines, and a number of loads operable to receive the driving signal from the driving terminal. The number of loads are connected to the driving terminal one by one via the number of transmitting lines. Two transmitting lines of the number of transmitting lines, which are nearest and farthest respectively from the driving terminal, are both greater than widths of the other transmitting lines.

Abstract: A multiple antenna system is described herein that mitigates the negative effects of mutually coupled antennas on the connected transmitters and/or receivers. The antenna system comprises a directional coupler and two or more antennas. The directional coupler comprises multiple communication ports that each connect to corresponding antenna ports. The connection ports each connect to a different transmitter, receiver, or transceiver. A transmission line connects each antenna port to an antenna. The lengths of the transmission lines and the coupling factor of the directional coupler are selected to decouple the communication ports of the directional coupler. More particularly, the coupling factor and the transmission line lengths are selected so that antenna crosstalk signals caused by mutual coupling between the antennas and the coupled signals produced by the directional coupler have the same magnitude but opposite phase at the communication ports of the directional coupler.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a power generator includes a first power splitter having an input port, wherein the input port is configured to connect to a power generator, a second power splitter having an output port, wherein the output port is configured to connect to a device that receives power from the power generator, and a first phase shifter assembly coupled to the first power splitter and the second power splitter, wherein the first phase shifter assembly is a non-reciprocal phase shifter. An apparatus for use with a power generator includes a power attenuator having an input for receiving power from a power generator, and a phase shifter, wherein the phase shifter includes a ferrite material and circuitry for electro-magnetically biasing the ferrite material.

Abstract: A monolithic circulator, intended to be connected to an antenna for transmitting and receiving high-frequency signals includes a differential amplifier adapted to provide a signal on an output of the circulator. The amplifier has a first and a second input and an output. First and second 3dB couplers each have first, second, and third access terminals respectively. The second terminals of the first and second couplers are connected to an input E of the circulator. Each third terminal is connected to the first and second inputs of the amplifier respectively. The first terminals are respectively intended to be connected to the antenna and to a charge element having an impedance close to that of the antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a coupling device are shown. In various embodiments, a variable frequency divider comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line. The first transmission line may comprise a first and a second end. The first end may comprise a first terminal and the second end may comprise a first branch and a second branch. The first transmission line may be configured to receive a first signal at a first frequency at the first terminal and divide the first signal to output the divided first signal at the first branch and the second branch. The second transmission line may be proximate the first transmission line and configured to receive a second signal at a second frequency to control the frequencies of the output divided first signal at the first branch and the second branch through electromagnetic influence between the first transmission line and the second transmission line.

Abstract: An improved HF socket or HF plug socket for connecting to a coaxial wiring system comprises an integrated monitoring means comprising a monitoring circuit arranged in a feed path extending in the HF socket between an interface for connecting a receiver and a junction to the wiring system or to the single-cable system. The monitoring circuit comprises a cut-off or interruption means by which the feed path is interrupted when a direct-voltage signal originating from a connected receiver is applied with a voltage above a threshold voltage for feeding into the wiring system or into the single-cable system over a predetermined or preadjustable period of time (?).

Abstract: An RF power device that includes a transistor with a compact impedance transformation circuit, where the transformation circuit includes a lumped element CLC analogue transmission line and an associated embedded directional bilateral RF power sensor that is inductively coupled to the transmission line to provide detection of direct and reflected power independently with high directivity.

Abstract: A transmission module includes: a power amplifier amplifies power of a radio frequency signal that is to be transmitted via an antenna; a coupler that allows the radio frequency signal from the power amplifier to travel toward the antenna and causes adverse radio frequency power to ground; and a substrate provided with the power amplifier and the coupler.

Abstract: The present invention for data distribution relates to a network wherein a distributor, which may be an Ethernet switch, is used in combination with active taps and programmable logic controllers to increase data transfer speeds and the volumes of transmission using active branching elements, i.e., active taps, that are interconnected via a bus line.

Abstract: A directional coupler for the directional transmission of high-frequency signals provides at least three lines and at least three ports. Two lines of the three lines are connected in a conductive manner at least at their ends. A third line is arranged between the two first lines and coupled to the latter in an electromagnetic manner. In this context, the high-frequency signal is transmitted from the third line to the first line and second line. The coupling is implemented via a coupling gap.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a coupling device are shown. In various embodiments, a variable frequency divider comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line. The first transmission line may comprise a first and a second end. The first end may comprise a first terminal and the second end may comprise a first branch and a second branch. The first transmission line may be configured to receive a first signal at a first frequency at the first terminal and divide the first signal to output the divided first signal at the first branch and the second branch. The second transmission line may be proximate the first transmission line and configured to receive a second signal at a second frequency to control the frequencies of the output divided first signal at the first branch and the second branch through electromagnetic influence between the first transmission line and the second transmission line.

Abstract: A directional coupler has first to fourth input/output terminals, a first phase shifting unit which is connected between the first input/output terminal and the second input/output terminal, phase-shifts a supplied signal by 90° and outputs a resulting signal, a second phase shifting unit which is connected between the third input/output terminal and the fourth input/output terminal, phase-shifts a supplied signal by 90° and outputs a resulting signal, a first amplifier having an input connected to the third input/output terminal and an output connected to the first input/output terminal, and a second amplifier having an input connected to the fourth input/output terminal and an output connected to the second input/output terminal.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit for use in a dual-band wireless communications apparatus selectively using first and second frequency bands, comprising a diplexer connected to the output of a power amplifier for sending either one of transmission signals in the first and second frequency bands to an antenna, a coupler having a primary line connected to a common end of the diplexer and a secondary line, a detector comprising a detection diode for detecting a transmission power of a high-frequency signal sent from the secondary line of the coupler, and a harmonics-suppressing circuit disposed between the secondary line of the coupler and the detection diode.

Abstract: A directional coupler capable of improving a directionality of a directional coupler body including four terminals. The directional coupler includes a directional coupler body including the four terminals of an input port, an output port, a coupling port, and an isolation port; and a combiner for combining powers of an output signal of the coupling port and an output signal of the isolation port of the directional coupler body; and a directionality improving circuit for amplifying or attenuating at least one of the output signal of the coupling port and the output signal of the isolation port before outputting the same, and the combiner combines powers of the output signals amplified or attenuated by the directionality improving circuit.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a combiner. The combiner includes first and second transmission lines, a dielectric material disposed about the first and second transmission lines, an intermediate conductor arrangement disposed about the dielectric material, and an outer conductor arrangement disposed about the intermediate conductor. The dielectric material has a dielectric constant higher than that of air, and the intermediate conductor arrangement has reactive portions.

Abstract: A transceiver system for RF communications in a wireless network includes a transceiver having first and second receivers and a transmitter. The first receiver and transmitter are connected to first antenna section. The second receiver is switchable between connection to a second antenna section and connection to the first antenna section. In a dual diversity mode, the second receiver is connected to the second antenna section, and the two receivers are tuned to the same RF channel set. Thus, multi-path faded signals in the RF channel set are received at the two antenna sections. In a cross-connected mode, two of the transceivers are used together, with the second receiver in each being connected to the first antenna section. Each transceiver supports one antenna, and the receivers in each transceiver (as well as the transmitters) are respectively tuned to different RF channel sets. Thus, system capacity is doubled in conjunction with diversity reception.

Abstract: High-frequency couplers and coupling techniques are described utilizing artificial composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL). Three specific forms of couplers are described; (1) a coupled-line backward coupler is described with arbitrary tight/loose coupling and broad bandwidth; (2) a compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring coupler is described with increased bandwidth and decreased size; and (3) a dual-band branch-line coupler that is not limited to a harmonic relation between the bands. These variations are preferably implemented in a microstrip fabrication process and may use lumped-element components. The couplers and coupling techniques are directed at increasing the utility while decreasing the size of high-frequency couplers, and are suitable for use with separate coupler or couplers integrated within integrated devices.

Abstract: A directional coupler having a first structure with distributed lines having a first conductive line intended to convey a main signal between two end terminals and having a second conductive line, coupled to the first one, intended to convey a secondary signal proportional to the main signal; and a second structure with local elements including, between a first terminal of the coupler intended to extract the secondary signal and a first end of the second line, two attenuators in series between which is interposed a low-pass filter and, between a second terminal of the coupler and the second end of the second line, at least one attenuator.

Abstract: Various directional coupler arrangements are disclosed. For instance, an apparatus includes first, second, and third conductive patterns disposed on a substrate. Each of these conductive patterns includes a first end and an opposite second end. Moreover, each of these conductive patterns includes a first protrusion at its first end and a second protrusion at its second end.

Abstract: An electromagnetic interconnect method and apparatus effects contactless, proximity connections between elements in an electronics system. Data to be communicated between elements in an electronic system are modulated into a carrier signal and transmitted contactlessly by electromagnetic coupling. The electromagnetic coupling may be directly between elements in the system or through an intermediary transmission medium.

Abstract: A divider may include a stem or first port, and two or more branch ports connected or coupled directly or indirectly to the first port. As mentioned, a divider may include multiple sections. In some examples, a divider may include at least an inductively uncoupled section and an inductively coupled section. An uncoupled section may be characterized by a plurality of associated transmission lines that are substantially inductively uncoupled. On the other hand, a coupled section may include a plurality of associated transmission lines that are substantially inductively coupled. A divider section may include a resistor connected between ends of associated first and second transmission lines in a coupled or uncoupled section. In some examples, one or more uncoupled sections are connected in series to the first port and one or more coupled sections are connected in series between the uncoupled sections and the second and third ports.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orthogonal-mode junction coupler with an ultrabroad bandwidth or a wavelength waveguide noteworthy in that it includes what is called an external conductor (8) comprising a cavity (9) in which a central conductor (10) extends, said central conductor being electrically isolated at radiofrequencies with the external conductor (8), said central conductor (10) being supplied by supply lines (15, 16, 17, 18) passing through the external conductor (8) and emerging in the cavity (9) of said external conductor (8).