Abstract: A power combiner for the combining of symmetric and asymmetric traveling wave energy comprises a feed waveguide having an input port and a launching port, a reflector for reflecting launched wave energy, and a final waveguide for the collection and transport of launched wave energy. The power combiner has a launching port for symmetrical waves which comprises a cylindrical section coaxial to the feed waveguide, and a launching port for asymmetric waves which comprises a sawtooth rotated about a central axis.

Abstract: An impedance converter device comprises an electrically conductive external conductor with one or more connection locations for electrical lines, an electrically conductive internal conductor with one or more connection locations for electrical lines, and also a dielectric arranged between external conductor and internal conductor. The external conductor comprises a base area bounded by one or more side walls thereby forming an external conductor housing with an internal space and an opening opposite the base area. The internal conductor is arranged in the internal space. The internal conductor and the external conductor are insulated from one another by the dielectric. The internal conductor comprises at least one cutoff bar-type section with a cutoff bar bottom and at least one wall which extends from the bottom in the direction of the opening of the external conductor housing.

Abstract: An RF signal divider/combiner is provided for dividing a supplied RF signal to any number of up to N output ports. A switchable impedance matching network is provided to impedance match the divider according to the number of output ports connected.

Abstract: The invention discloses a two-dimensional array waveguide structure implemented with multi-layer process or monolithic integrated circuit process. The structure includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer lain between the first and the second metal layer is for isolating the first metal layer from the second metal layer. The first metal layer and the second metal layer respectively formed from a plurality of first unit cells and second unit cells arranged in rows and columns create the two-dimensional array waveguide structure. The first metal layer consists of a main body and a plurality of connecting arms, whereas the second metal layer consists of a metal wire loop. The second metal layer is located below the first metal layer, and each second unit cell corresponds to each first unit cell in a one-on-one manner to further build a complete unit cell.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a waveguide type polarizer, which enables miniaturization thereof, shortening of an axis, and broad band promotion, and which has high performance. In order to attain the object, the waveguide type polarizer includes: a first rectangular main waveguide 1; first to fourth rectangular branching waveguides 2a to 2d branching perpendicularly to the first rectangular main waveguide 1; a short-circuit plate 3 connected to one terminal of the first rectangular main waveguide 1; a metallic block 4 provided on the short-circuit plate 3; a rectangular waveguide step 5 connected to the other terminal of the first rectangular main waveguide 1; and a second rectangular main waveguide 6 connected to the rectangular waveguide step 5.

Abstract: A tunable amplitude unbalance stripline combiner for RF signals in which the amplitude unbalance can be adjusted in order to minimize the amplitude unbalance. The combiner has an upper printed circuit board mounted over a lower printed circuit board. The lower printed circuit board has a pair of printed circuit lines that are connected between an output port and a pair of input ports. The upper printed circuit board has a metallized area covering the top surface. Several non-metallized cavities are located in the metallized area above the circuit lines. The number of cavities can be adjusted to change the amplitude unbalance.

Abstract: A power combining system includes multiple amplifiers, a reactive combiner for combining the output power of the amplifiers and a short plate. Switches are used to electrically connect an output of each of the amplifiers to an input of the reactive combiner. In the event of amplifier failure, the switches are used to electrically connect the short plate to an input of the reactive combiner in place of the failed amplifier.

Abstract: A 4-way power splitter/combiner circuit providing a plurality of transmission lines of selected impedance and phase shift to define four amplifier ports into which one to four amplifiers may be populated without reconfiguration of the circuit. The circuit provides acceptable VSWR and return loss under each operating condition.

Abstract: A radial power divider-combiner is disclosed. The divider-combiner includes a divider and a combiner. An input signal is provided to a transmission antenna that radiates the input signal inside the divider. Within the divider, the input signal is divided into a plurality of individual signals. The individual signals are received by receiving antennas and provided to respective amplifiers. The amplifiers amplify the respective individual signals by a desired amplification factor. The amplified individual signals are provided to a plurality of transmitting antennas within the combiner. Inside the combiner, the amplified individual signals are combined to form an output signal that is received by a receiving antenna in the combiner.

Abstract: A power divider for a waveguide between a single electromagnetic microwave generator input and two output ports, the divider including two tuner networks, each comprising a moveable capacitive probe with a pair of fixed flanking inductive posts.

Abstract: A microstrip-to-waveguide power combiner includes a dielectric substrate and at least two microstrip transmission lines formed thereon in which radio frequency signals are transmitted. The microstrip transmission lines terminate in microstrip launchers or probes at a microstrip-to-waveguide transition. A waveguide opening is positioned at the transition. A waveguide back-short is positioned opposite the waveguide opening at the transition. Isolation vias are formed within the dielectric substrate and around the transition and isolate the transition. A coaxial-to-waveguide power combiner is also disclosed.

Abstract: An antenna comprising a reflector having a reflector surface profile for reflecting a plurality of signals comprising a plurality of communication bands; a multi-depth corrugated horn assembly for receiving the signal comprising the plurality of communication bands; a stepped waveguide coupled to the corrugated horn; a first polarizer coupled to the stepped waveguide for separating a first communication band from the plurality of communication bands; a second polarizer coupled to the stepped waveguide for separating a second communication band from the plurality of communication bands; and a third polarizer coupled to the stepped waveguide for separating a third communication band from the plurality of communication bands. The antenna can simultaneously operate in the K, Ka and EHF frequency bands. Extension of this antenna to include five separate frequency bands is demonstrated.

Abstract: A traveling wave device for the combining or splitting of symmetric and asymmetric traveling wave energy includes a feed waveguide for traveling wave energy, the feed waveguide having an input port and a launching port, a reflector for coupling wave energy between the feed waveguide and a final waveguide for the collection and transport of wave energy to or from the reflector. The power combiner has a launching port for symmetrical waves which includes a cylindrical section coaxial to the feed waveguide, and a launching port for asymmetric waves which includes a sawtooth rotated about a central axis.

Abstract: A high frequency circuit substrate comprises a first high frequency circuit substrate including at least a first dielectric material layer, a first conductor layer, a second dielectric material layer and a second conductor layer, which are laminated in the named order, the first conductor layer having a first slot formed therein, and the second conductor layer forming a transmission line, the first dielectric material layer having a first opening exposing the first slot at its bottom. The high frequency circuit substrate also comprises a second high frequency circuit substrate including at least a third dielectric material layer, a third conductor layer, a fourth dielectric material layer and a fourth conductor layer, which are laminated in the named order, the third conductor layer having a second slot formed therein, and the fourth conductor layer forming a transmission line, the third dielectric material layer having a second opening exposing the second slot at its bottom.

Abstract: The invention provides a highly-reliable, low-loss non-radiative dielectric waveguide. According to one aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip has a 0.01 to 0.3 mm-wide chamfer formed at its edge portion in a high-frequency signal transmission direction. According to another aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip is made of a ceramics having an open pore ratio of 5% or less.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for integrating a quasi-optical reflection-mode array into a wave-guiding enclosure. The system includes a quasi-optical reflection mode array and a waveguide assembly that encloses and mounts therein the array. In one preferred embodiment, the waveguide assembly includes an array mounting section into which the array is mounted, a first energy coupling section, a second energy coupling section and a three-port waveguide section. The wave-guiding section has a first port connected to the first energy coupling section, a second port connected to the second energy coupling section, and a third port connected to the array mounting section.

Abstract: A parallel plate septum polarizer used in low profile, dual polarized, antenna applications such as satellite communications from a moving vehicle. The polarizer allows a wide waveguide to be fed from two thinner waveguides. Each thin waveguide operates with one propagating mode. These modes have the same field structure, wave velocity and wave impedance. Three waveguide modes can propagate in the wide guide. Two modes are desirable and are used to transmit or receive dual polarized signals. They have different field structures, wave velocities and impedances. The polarizer allows each mode in the thin guides to couple to both the desired modes in the wide guide. At the same time there is very little coupling with each other and with the undesired third mode in the wide guide. There is also very little reflection of the incident modes from the polarizer junction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power management arrangement which comprises, formed as a multilayer structure (100), several insulating layers (130, 132, 134, 136); several conductive layers (124, 126, 128) functioning as reference planes; a first port (101), a second port (102) and a third port (104); a first transmission line (106) from the first port (101) to the second port (102), a second transmission line (108) from the first port (101) to the third port (104); means (110, 112, 114, 122) for connecting the transmission lines (106, 108) to the ports (101, 102, 104); and at least one passive element (116) between the second and the third port (102, 104). In the presented power management arrangement, the first transmission line (106) is in an insulating layer (130, 132, 134, 136) other than the one where the second transmission line (108) is.

Abstract: An improved circuit for splitting or for joining radio-frequency powers, having a main line (7) which is connected between an input port (1) and a first output port (3), and having a branch line (11) which branches off from the main line at a branching point (9) and leads to a second output port (5), is distinguished in that a compensating element (61) is provided which, in particular, is adjustable or can be fitted and removed differently, and which can be varied, varying the capacitance of at least one capacitor (C1, C2, C3) which is connected in the branch line (11), and/or varying the electrical length of a spur line (37) which is coupled to the branch line (11), such that the change in the magnitude of the power which is tapped off also makes it possible to compensate at the same time for the resistance change which is caused by the change in the power split.

Abstract: A circuit is provided where impedance converters (41-48) are provided such that active components (P1 to P8) can be switched off without power from the other active components leaking away through those components which are switched off.

Abstract: An orthomode transducer includes a first waveguide section, a second waveguide section coupled to the first waveguide section, and a third waveguide section coupled to the first and second waveguide sections. The first waveguide section is configured to support the propagation of a signal having a first polarization, and includes a first waveguide aperture sized to communicate the signal having the first polarization therethrough. The second waveguide is configured to support the propagation of a signal having a second polarization which is orthogonal to the first polarization, the second waveguide section having a single internal septum and a second waveguide aperture sized to communicate the signal having the second polarization therethrough.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and structures for connecting circuits and circuit elements processing electrical signals having very fast transition times, including sub-nanosecond transition times. It includes a connecting structure for connecting a multiplicity of signal lines at a common point to reduce unwanted reflections thereat; a single or multi-conductor female connector for receiving thin elements such as ribbon cable ends, printed circuit (PC) board edges, and the like; a structure for connecting together a multiplicity of ribbon cables terminating in such multi-conductor female connectors, and a further structure for connecting together a multiplicity of such multi-cable connectors to obtain maximum packing thereof, and minimum conductor lengths thereto, to obtain processing rates up to twenty-fold over what is available with present connecting methods and structures.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a waveguide type polarizer, which enables miniaturization thereof, shortening of an axis, and broad band promotion, and which has high performance. In order to attain the object, the waveguide type polarizer includes: a first rectangular main waveguide 1; first to fourth rectangular branching waveguides 2a to 2d branching perpendicularly to the first rectangular main waveguide 1; a short-circuit plate 3 connected to one terminal of the first rectangular main waveguide 1; a metallic block 4 provided on the short-circuit plate 3; a rectangular waveguide step 5 connected to the other terminal of the first rectangular main waveguide 1; and a second rectangular main waveguide 6 connected to the rectangular waveguide step 5.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and method for combining electric signals. The arrangement comprises: an antenna element (270) for receiving first electric signals from the environment; a receiver cable (210) in connection with the antenna element (270) for carrying the first electric signals; at least one antenna feeder cable (212) for carrying second electric signals; a transmitting antenna (250) in connection with said at least one antenna feeder cable (212) for transmitting the second electric signals, and at least one cable coupler (120) in said receiver cable (210), in which the polarity of said at least one cable coupler (120) is reversed in order to induce a local leakage current. Said at least one cable coupler (120) is arranged next to said at least one antenna feeder cable (212) for coupling the first electric signals and the second electric signals to the receiver cable (210).

Abstract: A generally Y-shaped ferrite power divider for transferring an RF input from an input port to either one of two outlet ports or to both outlet ports in an equal or unequal fashion. The input port and the two output ports meet at a junction. An internal magnetic return is positioned in the junction and is in communication with an upper magnetic return and a lower magnetic return. An upper ferrite puck is positioned at the junction above the internal magnetic return and a lower ferrite puck is positioned at the junction below the internal magnetic return.

Abstract: Switchable path length coupler/dividers. Coupler/divider operation over multiple frequency bands is provided by using switchable path lengths. In one implementation, a Wilkinson-style device with switches to select different path lengths and therefore operating frequencies. In a rat-race style device, switches select races of different lengths, and therefore operating frequencies.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and low cross-talk noise. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTTC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as transmission lines and resistors are integrated onto and within the LTCC substrate. The power splitter provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTCC substrate has counter rotating spiral shaped circuit lines and electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to an external printed circuit board. The vias are also used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate. The counter rotating circuit lines allow the power splitter to have a small package size and low cross-talk noise.

Abstract: An antenna feed system comprises a single horn having corrugations and four evenly spaced waveguide ports on sides of a single one of the corrugations. A combiner network receives signals at approximately 20 GHz from the four waveguide ports and outputs sum and difference output signals. A transducer provides transmit signals at approximately 30 GHz and approximately 44 GHz to a rear end of the single horn.

Abstract: A polarization filter for a high frequency wave guided in a waveguide has an entry section in which wave types that are orthogonally polarized in relation to one another are capable of propagating. The filter also comprises two first exit sections which extend along the length of the entry section, which are separated by a septum, and which are provided for a first wave type. In addition, the filter has two second exit sections which laterally extend in the plane of the septum, which are provided for the second wave type, and which are configured as coaxial conductors.

Abstract: A compact inline waveguide power divider is provided that comprises a primary waveguide in communication with two parallel waveguides. The two parallel waveguides are stacked on top of one another and each parallel waveguide further comprises an output port. Accordingly, an input signal is transmitted through the primary waveguide and split between the two parallel waveguides. A resistive slot is formed in each of the parallel waveguides, thereby increasing output port isolation: through dissipation of reflected power from one output port to the other. Further, a stepped or tapered impedance transformation is applied in each parallel waveguide to provide wide band frequency matching. Alternately, the primary waveguide and the parallel waveguides may be configured as a waveguide power combiner rather than a divider, wherein the parallel waveguides comprise input ports and the primary waveguide comprises an output port.

Abstract: A system for transmitting wireless communications within ductwork. The system includes a plurality of transmitter devices for introducing electromagnetic radiation into the ductwork such that the ductwork acts as a waveguide for the electromagnetic radiation, said transmitter devices comprising a transmitter array, wherein the transmitter devices are configured to introduce the electromagnetic radiation using multiple propagation modes. The system also includes a plurality of receiver devices for detecting the electromagnetic radiation within the ductwork, said receiver devices comprising a receiver array.

Abstract: An orthomode transducer includes a first waveguide section, a second waveguide section coupled to the first waveguide section, and a third waveguide section coupled to the first and second waveguide sections. The first waveguide section is configured to support the propagation of a signal having a first polarization, and includes a first waveguide aperture sized to communicate the signal having the first polarization therethrough. The second waveguide is configured to support the propagation of a signal having a second polarization which is orthogonal to the first polarization, the second waveguide section having a single internal septum and a second waveguide aperture sized to communicate the signal having the second polarization therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coupling energy from a transmission line is provided. The apparatus includes a contact designed to “tap” into an inner conductor of the transmission line 100 through an aperture in an outer conductor of the transmission line. A portion of the contact may be coiled (e.g., a spring) and the coil's characteristics may be varied to control the insertion loss and coupling loss of the apparatus. For example, the wire size, coil diameter, number of turns, and pitch design of the coil may be controlled. The apparatus may also include a secondary transmission line connected to the coil and the secondary transmission line may allow additional control over the coupled energy.

Abstract: A microstrip-to-waveguide power combiner includes a dielectric substrate and at least two microstrip transmission lines formed thereon in which radio frequency signals are transmitted. The microstrip transmission lines terminate in microstrip launchers or probes at a microstrip-to-waveguide transition. A waveguide opening is positioned at the transition. A waveguide back-short is positioned opposite the waveguide opening at the transition. Isolation vias are formed within the dielectric substrate and around the transition and isolate the transition. A coaxial-to-waveguide power combiner is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high power switchable power combiner includes a plurality of input ports and a plurality of matching elements. The matching elements are arranged to be used in combination when more than two of the input ports are connected. A thermally conductive dielectric member may be provided between the inner conductor of the combiner and the conductive housing thereof to provide a thermal path to dissipate heat from the center conductor.

Abstract: An amplifier is provided having an electrically conductive structure. The structure has a waveguide network disposed in an inner region thereof. The network has an input section and an output section. The conductive structure has an amplifier input port and amplifier output port formed in outer wall portions of such structure. The network also includes a plurality of amplifier module input ports disposed in an outer surface of the structure. The amplifier input ports are coupled to the amplifier port through the input section of the network. The network further includes a plurality of amplifier module output ports disposed in said outer surface of the structure. The amplifier module output ports are coupled to the amplifier output port through the output section of the network. Each one of the amplifier module output ports is associated with one of the plurality of amplifier module input ports. The amplifier includes a plurality of amplifier modules.

Abstract: Two fixed-phase-related signals of arbitrary (unequal) magnitude are combined without incurring combining loss by use of a signal reflection technique wherein the higher magnitude signal is phase-synchronously reinforced along its path through the combining system. In a specific embodiment, two signal sources are fed as equal phase signals through respective counter-rotating circulators to a four-port first combiner, wherein the first output port of the combiner is provided with a one-eighth wavelength phase delay to a termination and the second output port is directly terminated, so that reflected signals as seen at both input ports return exactly in phase and of equal magnitude to one another. Thereupon the reflected signals are directed by the respective circulators as phase-synchronized signals to a second combiner which combines the phase synchronized signals into a common output signal. The resultant output is the sum of the inputs irrespective of relative magnitudes of the inputs.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a combiner may include transmission lines to couple a receive port and a transmit port to an antenna at a common junction. Shunt admittance elements may be utilized at the transmit and the receive ports to isolate one of the transmit and the receive ports from the antenna by shunting the at least one of the transmit and the receive ports to a power supply potential such as a ground reference. During a transmit mode, the shunt admittance element at the receive port may shunt the receive port to the power supply potential, thereby isolating the receive port from the antenna. During a receive mode the shunt admittance element at the transmit port may shunt the transmit port to the power supply potential, thereby isolating the transmit port from the antenna.

Abstract: A junction for orthogonally oriented waveguides including a transformation stage which has a first oblong opening for connecting a first waveguide which is designed to carry a first ground wave type, and a second oblong opening for connecting a second waveguide which is designed to carry a second ground wave type. The first oblong opening and the second oblong opening are oriented orthogonally with respect to each other. The transformation stage has an essentially right-angled geometry with a height, a width and a depth, where the height and the width are chosen such that both the first ground wave type and the second ground wave type are propagated in the transformation stage.

Abstract: A six-drop bus has each driver or receiver terminated at the characteristic impedance of Z0. Each driver or receiver is connected to a segment of transmission line with a characteristic impedance of Z0. Three of these segments are connected at a first point. The other three of these segments are connected at a second point. The first and second points are connected by a central transmission line with a characteristic impedance of Z0/3.

Abstract: A generally Y-shaped ferrite power divider for transferring an RF input from an input port to either one of two outlet ports or to both outlet ports in an equal or unequal fashion. The input port and the two output ports meet at a junction. An internal magnetic return is positioned in the junction and is in communication with an upper magnetic return and a lower magnetic return. An upper ferrite puck is positioned at the junction above the internal magnetic return and a lower ferrite puck is positioned at the junction below the internal magnetic return.

Abstract: The invention relates to a 90° power divider for distributing the power of an input signal (E) to two output branches (A1, A2) that are phase-shifted against each other by 90°. A capacity (C) is arranged in one output branch (A1) and an inductivity (L) is arranged in the remaining output branch (A2). Said capacity and inductivity are measured as follows: C=½*&pgr;*Z1*Fo, L=Z2/2*&pgr;*Fo, whereby Fo is the centre frequency and Z1 and Z2 are the terminating resistances of the output branches (A1, A2) respectively.

Abstract: A four-drop bus has each driver or receiver terminated at the characteristic impedance of Z0. Each driver or receiver is connected to a segment of transmission line with a characteristic impedance of Z0. Two of these segments are connected at a first point. The other two of these segments are connected at a second point. The first and second points are connected by a central transmission line with a characteristic impedance of Z0/2.

Abstract: The invention proposes a transmitting/receiving device comprising at least one transition zone which comprises a means of transforming a polarized wave of a first polarization into an electrical signal; a second means of transforming an electrical signal into a polarized wave of the second polarization; and a first filtering zone placed between the antenna and the transition zone, the first filtering zone comprising a waveguide filter polarized in the second polarization direction, the said filter being transparent in the first polarization direction.

Abstract: A power divider for a waveguide between a single electromagnetic microwave generator input and two output ports, the divider including two tuner networks, each comprising a moveable capacitive probe with a pair of fixed flanking inductive posts.

Abstract: A radio-frequency input stage is specified and has a radio-frequency coupling element which couples an air interface to the inputs of parallel-connected radio-frequency resonant circuits. In order to allow a circuit configuration which has no switches and is of simple construction, only one capacitance, which forms a low-pass filter, is provided in the coupling element, and splits an antenna signal between the various bands, in the process suppressing influences from bands other than that which has been selected. The radio-frequency input stage can be used, for example, in three-band TV tuners.

Abstract: A converter for satellite communication reception which reduces signal losses and has a simplified assembling work is disclosed. In operation, orthogonal bipolarized signals transmitted from a satellite are branched into two propagation paths within a waveguide. A horizontally polarized wave is caused to proceed in a first propagation path, while a vertically polarized wave is caused to proceed in a second propagation path. A pair of probes supported by a circuit substrate and fitted to a case have tips that extend into two waveguides to receive the respective signals. By integrating the waveguide and the case by fastening, the first propagation path and the first waveguide are positioned to communicate with each other, as are the second propagation path and the second waveguide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distribution network for electromagnetic signals, preferably for use in an antenna arrangement in the microwave range, comprising at least two waveguide branches, in which branches the electromagnetic signals propagate in different directions in relation to one another. The invention is characterized in that the at least two waveguide branches overlap one another at one point in the distribution network. The waveguide branches in the distribution network which overlap one another are preferably neighboring branches and have at lease one aperture in the part of the branch which overlaps the other branch.

Abstract: An active radio frequency cavity amplifier (ARFCA) is provided having a housing defining an input cavity and an output cavity; a plurality of transistors mounted to said housing, each of the plurality of transistors having an input lead and an output lead; a first RF power coupling mechanism disposed within the housing in proximity to the input cavity for coupling RF power from a source into the input cavity to generate an RF field; a first conducting assembly having a plurality of conductors each configured to contact a respective input lead of each of the plurality of transistors for coupling the RF field in the input cavity to the input leads of the plurality of transistors; a second conducting assembly having a plurality of conductors each configured to contact a respective output lead of the plurality of transistors for coupling the amplified RF power from the output leads of the plurality of transistors to the output cavity; and a second RF power coupling mechanism disposed within the housing in proximi

Abstract: A waveguide feed structure having a coaxial transmission line. A conductive, planar septum is disposed in, and along a diameter of, the transmission line. A feed port is electrically coupled to the transmission line. The septum has a rear portion disposed proximate the feed port, such rear portion of the septum extending between the inner conductor and the outer conductor. The feed port and the rear portion of the septum are arranged to establish an electric field in the transmission line between the inner conductor and the outer conductor with a component substantially TE11 mode along a direction perpendicular to the planar septum. A forward portion of the septum is asymmetrically disposed with respect to said diameter in order to provide a gap between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, such gap establishing an electric field component within the transmission line having a TE11 component along said diameter of the transmission line parallel to the plane of the septum.