Abstract: A high-frequency dielectric waveguide line comprising a dielectric substrate with two conductor layers on its two surfaces, and a plurality of rows of through conductors in the substrate connecting the two conductor layers. The distances between the through conductors in each row are no more than half of the wavelength of the signal transmitted in the transmission direction of the waveguide. The waveguide line has a branching portion where a first waveguide line having a width d branches into second and third parallel waveguide lines both of width d. The portion of the waveguide at the branching point has a width of A, where 2d≦A≦3d. The first, second and third waveguide lines are connected without abrupt width enlargement. The branching waveguide line have small transmission losses for high-frequency signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the traveling-wave amplifier having a &pgr;-type output transmission line structure.

Abstract: A tap for coupling electromagnetic energy between first and second coaxial cables includes an impedance transformer, a probe for connecting the impedance transformer to the first cable, and a tap cable for connecting the impedance transformer to the second cable. Ferrite beads surround the probe and the tap cable to provide frequency-variable series impedances.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a junction for orthogonally oriented waveguides (H1, H2), with a transformation stage (T) which has a first oblong opening for connecting a first waveguide (H1) which is designed to carry a first ground wave type (H10), and a second oblong opening for connecting a second waveguide (H2) which is designed to carry a second ground wave type (H01), where the first oblong opening and the second oblong opening are oriented orthogonally with respect to each other.

Abstract: A station in a communication bus system, is connected to a signal transmission line. The station contain a wave splitter coupled to the transmission line and a transmission section coupled to an input of the wave splitter for transmitting an outgoing wave signal to travel out over the transmission line from the wave splitter. The station contains a reception section coupled to an output of the wave splitter for receiving an incoming wave signal that travels into the wave splitter from the connector. The station has a control unit being arranged to operate in different control modes, according to the presence or absence of a further apparatus connected to the transmission line, dependent on whether the reception section does not detect or does detect a reflection of a wave transmitted by the transmission section respectively.

Abstract: A first embodiment of a waveguide coupler (10) has a substantially square cross-section with a width tapering from a first width a at a first end (12) to a smaller width b at a second end (14). Each side of the square waveguide coupler is provided with a turnstile port (16). The first end is coupled to a first waveguide (18) to couple the turnstile ports with the first waveguide, while the second end is coupled to a second waveguide, coupling the first and second waveguides together. Signals throughout the waveguide coupler's lower frequency band can be coupled between the turnstile ports and the first waveguide, while signals throughout the higher end of the frequency band can be coupled from the first waveguide to the second waveguide, and signals within the frequency band can be coupled from the second waveguide to the first waveguide.

Abstract: A terminator cap is provided for terminating a wireless transmitter output connector, which is made from a composite material so as to provide an electrical impedance between an outer case and a center conductor of the output connector. A method is also provided for terminating a wireless transmitter output connector.

Abstract: An SSPA module in accordance with the present invention comprises a signal input (102), and a radial splitter (100) connected to the signal input (102) comprising a plurality of radially extending splitter waveguides 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126. The SSPA module also includes a signal output (202), and a radial combiner (200) connected to the signal output (202) comprising a plurality of radially extending combiner waveguides 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226. Connections between the splitter (100) and combiner (200) are provided by a plurality of vertically extending waveguides 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426. The SSPA module also includes a plurality of processing circuits 304, 308, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, for example MMIC amplifiers, connected to the combiner waveguides 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226.

Abstract: A waveguide for guiding an arbitrarily polarized electrical field includes an elongated housing having a sidewall and a pair of feed ports located on the housing sidewall. One of the feed ports guides the horizontal component of the electrical field, while the other feed port guides the vertical component of the electrical field. A pair of planar septums are disposed within the housing and intersect along a line parallel to the axis of the housing.

Abstract: A monopulse source for a focal feed antenna including at least two waveguides machined in a metal flange supporting a microwave transmission and reception circuit of the antenna, and a dielectric substrate on the metal flange. Also included is a microwave short-circuit having an opening with a smaller dimension than a dimension of a respective waveguide. The microwave short-circuit is mounted on the dielectric substrate such that an axis of the microwave short-circuit coincides with an axis of the respective waveguide. Further, a transition positioned on the dielectric substrate and within the opening of the microwave short-circuit is configured to couple the respective waveguide.

Abstract: A high power amplifier has a first balun propagating a half of an input signal to an in-phase output terminal, and also propagating a fourth of the input signal to first and second opposite-phase output terminals, the signal propagated to the first and second opposite-phase output terminals lagging 180 degrees behind the signal propagated to the in-phase output terminal; first and second power amplifier circuits connected to the first and second opposite-phase output terminals of the first balun and having the same characteristics; a third power amplifier circuit connected to the in-phase output terminal of the first balun and having output power substantially twice as much as the output power of the first or second power amplifier circuit; and a second balun having first and second opposite-phase input terminals for receiving the outputs of the first and second power amplifier circuits, having an in-phase input terminal for receiving the output of the third power amplifier circuit, combining the outputs of t

Abstract: A reflective waveguide variable power divider/combiner comprises an orthomode tee section, which includes a section of cylindrical waveguide and a rotatable reflective phase shifter section. The rotatable reflective phase shifter section is rotatably connected to the orthomode tee section by a cylindrical choke joint. The orthomode tee section includes a single orthomode tee unit. The reflective waveguide variable power divider/combiner terminates at a short circuit that separates a motor from the rotatable reflective phase shifter section. The motor is configured to rotate the rotatable reflective phase shifter section relative to the orthomode tee section.

Abstract: This invention relates to an AC power network for collecting the electric powers of distributed power cells. The AC power network of the invention includes a plurality of AC power cells, a plurality of transmission lines, and at least one resistant load. The AC power network has important properties, such as simple structure and easy setup and maintenance. In addition, when there is non-uniform distribution among AC power cells or some AC power cells are broken down, the AC power network possesses equal potential rings or equal potential planes to eliminating non-uniform distribution without decreasing its power efficiency.

Abstract: A device for receiving and/or transmitting an electromagnetic oscillation is described utilizing an antenna element and at least two wave-guiding assemblies which are each connected to a connection point of the antenna element via a respective supply device, and which are otherwise mutually insulated with respect to the electromagnetic oscillation. Each assembly comprise a conductor part which is coupled to the associated supply device in each of the wave-guiding assemblies for the transmission of the electromagnetic oscillation. The wave-guiding assemblies are designed for receiving and/or transmitting the electromagnetic oscillation via the supply device, and the conductor parts are constructed for receiving and/or radiating the electromagnetic oscillation in a manner comparable to the manner in which the antenna element operates. This device has a plurality of antennas without an appreciable increase in expenditure compared with a similar device having a single antenna element.

Abstract: A broadband coupled-line N-way power combiner is presented for combining N RF signals into a common load. This combiner includes N.gtoreq.2 input ports, a common output port, and N identical at least two-conductor coupled transmission lines, and N isolating resistors. Each of these two-conductor coupled transmission line has at one end one conductor connected to one of the input port of the power combiner, and another conductor connected to the common output port. At another end two conductors of each two-conductor coupled transmission line are terminated to one of the N isolating resistors. The opposite ends of these resistors are connected to each other in a ring. This power combiner also can operate in reverse as N-way power divider.

Abstract: A power divider/combiner for dividing received powers at 4 input ports, transmitting the divided powers to each of 4 output ports and combining the transmitted powers at each of the output ports. The power divider combiner has through transmission lines flanked on either side by secondary through transmission lines that interconnect corresponding input and output ports. The through transmission lines are likewise interconnected at a center node by a plurality of branch transmission lines. A method for making a power divider/combiner includes merging two 0 dB couplers by joining the center points of each of the branch transmission lines.

Abstract: A radiating element for an antenna incorporating a patch launcher, a bandpass filter and a polarizer all in one waveguide without the need for interconnecting individual components. The waveguide has at least one coaxial input having a patch launcher attached thereto. The inside diameter of the waveguide has a plurality of spaced apart irises that act as a bandpass filter followed by a plurality of spaced apart pins that act as a polarizer.

Abstract: An electrical interconnection structure. The electrical interconnection structure includes a mother board substrate having a plurality of layers. At least one layer includes a signal path having a characteristic impedance of Z.sub.O and a conductive ground plane. A signal via passes through each layer of the mother board substrate. The signal via electrically is connected to the signal path. A ground via passes through each layer of the mother board substrate. The ground via is electrically connected to the conductive ground plane. The electrical interconnection structure further includes a plurality of flex circuits. Each flex circuit includes a flex signal path having a characteristic impedance of Z.sub.O and a flex ground plane. Each flex signal path is electrically connected to the signal via and each flex ground plane is electrically connected to the ground via.

Abstract: A method of forming a tap into an intermediate point on a continuous coaxial cable, and a coaxial cable tap housing suitable for forming such a tap. The tap housing includes a recess and an alignment element having a predetermined spatial relationship with the recess. The recess has an entry, an exit and a passage connecting the entry and exit. When the tap housing is fixed to a cable, the exit of the recess is closer to the outer conductor of the cable than the entry of the recess is to the outer conductor. The alignment element is used to position a cutting tool which is inserted through the entry of the recess to form an opening in the outer conductor and a cavity in the dielectric under the opening. A tap insert, which includes a coupler assembly, is mounted to the housing, and the coupler assembly is inserted through the entry of the recess and through the opening into the cavity formed in the cable. In specific embodiments, the recess and opening are elongated.

Abstract: A power divider/combiner is formed from multimode dielectric waveguides in hich energy in a single mode is translated into a plurality of modes in the multimode waveguide, each mode is separately amplified and applied to another multimode waveguide that combines the modes in phase at the output thereof.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave matching element makes it possible to reduce the cost of a transmission system to a great degree. An electromagnetic wave matching element is adapted to allow electromagnetic wave beams incident from an entrance to be reflected by using plural mirrors to couple these reflected electromagnetic wave beams to an external transmission system through an exit. Mirrors are used that have a shape adapted to receive the plural electromagnetic waves in a beam form and to output electromagnetic wave beams having a predetermined distribution in which the number of the output electromagnetic waves is different from the number of the received electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: Power dividing apparatus comprising a T-junction and an E-plane step transformer having a phase slope equal and opposite to the phase slope of the T-junction, so that the overall phase slope through the T-junction and E-plane step transformer is minimized over a wide range of frequencies.

Abstract: Microwave power divider/combiners are provided which divide received powers at each of 2.sup.n input ports transmit the divided powers to each of 2.sup.n output ports and combine the transmitted powers at each of the output ports. They have through transmission lines which each couple respective pairs of the input and output ports. In addition, they include shunt transmission lines, an input network of transmission lines which couples the input ports to first ends of the shunt transmission lines and an output network of transmission lines which couples second ends of the shunt transmission lines to the output ports to thereby provide transmission paths from each of the input ports to each of the output ports. The input and output transmission-line networks are configured to be identical and to cause the power divider/combiner to have interport symmetry between the input and output ports and intraport symmetry between any equal sets of input and output ports.

Abstract: An improved Wilkinson-type power divider/combiner possessing switching capabilities for selectively controlling operative modes of its constituent dividing/combining channels is disclosed. The switchable power divider/combiner includes N first switches connecting N input/output transmission lines to a common junction and N second switches connecting N isolation resistors coupled to the N input/output transmission lines to a common node. The operating mode of the power divider/combiner can be controlled by activating each pair of the first and second switches to a closed or open switch position. The impedance values of the dividing/combining channel transmission lines are adjusted to provide the optimal impedance matching in both N-way and (N-1)-way operating modes. The resulting switchable power divider/combiner is capable of providing efficient power combining and distribution in a low-loss, phase-balanced manner in both N-way and (N-1)-1 way modes.

Abstract: A fin-line antenna 51 comprises fins 51a and 51b and a fin-line antenna 52 comprises fins 52a and 52b. The fins 51b and 52b are integrated into one body and connected to a ground layer of a strip line 31. The length of each antenna 51 or 52 is one wavelength. A millimetric wave of waveguide mode which is received by one of the antennas 51 and 52 is split into four paths and each split wave is injected into each of four divided portions of a signal line of the strip line 31 comprising series connections of many Josephson junctions. One end of each divided portion is grounded via a termination resistor 38 and a capacitor 39. A summed output of the generated voltage of each Josephson junction is obtained between both ends 42 and 43 of the strip line 31.

Abstract: A microwave polarizer particularly in a system for coupling energy between a waveguide and a transmission line. The polarizer reduces cross polarization by means of the probes being adjusted to an input impedance of less than 50 ohms, in particular to 20 ohms, by reducing the penetration depth of the probes. The smaller penetration depth also increases the distance between the two probes, which reduces cross polarization.

Abstract: A quasi-optical power combining array provides broadband, well heat sinked performance by means of coupling an array of parallel slotline transition modules between a input waveguide and an output waveguide. Each slotline transition module is comprised of a heat sinked ceramic substrate upon which a pair of tapered slot transitions is defined, each of which lead to a quasi-optical element such as an amplifier, which in turn is coupled to a corresponding pair of tapered slot transitions leading to the output waveguide. Each slotline module is symmetrically formed to maximize input and output tuning and selectively balanced operation.

Abstract: A tap for coupling electromagnetic energy between first and second coaxial cables. The tap comprises a an impedance transformer, means for connecting said impedance transformer to said first cable, and means for connecting said impedance transformer to said second cable.

Abstract: Microwave apparatus, such as microwave power dividers or combiners, having an adjustable terminating resistor. The present invention allows adjusting or trimming of the resistor and pretesting of substrates on which the apparatus is formed prior to installation of expensive integrated circuit components. The microwave power divider or combiner has a central contact disposed at a midpoint of the terminating resistor. This central contact is thus disposed at the midpoint of the terminating resistor and is coupled to a test point. Outer edges of the central contact are constructed to be parallel to inner edges of impedance paths or traces over which the terminating resistor lies so that each section of the terminating resistor has substantially the same resistance value.

Abstract: A tap for coupling electromagnetic energy between first and second coaxial cables. The tap comprises a pair of coupled transmission lines, means for connecting said transmission lines to said first cable, and means for connecting said transmission lines to said second cable.

Abstract: A transmission medium consists of a dielectric waveguide shielded by a metal guide. The guide is particularly suitable for providing low insertion loss, convenient transfer of power from one such transmission line to another and for the trouble free handling of high power levels at many hundreds of watts. This type of transmission medium may be used to provide low loss combination of power signals that is low loss, compact while containing the solid state power amplifying elements (MMICs) and capable of high power.

Abstract: A dual polarisation waveguide probe system for use with a satellite dish (10) for receiving satellite signals orthogonally polarised in the same frequency band and for providing improved isolation between these polarised satellite signals is disclosed. The probe system has a waveguide (28) incorporated in a low-noise block receiver (12) into which two probes (34, 38) are located for receiving linearly polarised energy of both orthogonal senses. The probes (34, 38) are located in the same longitudinal plane on opposite sides of a single cylindrical bar reflector (36) which reflects one sense of polarisation and passes the orthogonal signal with minimal insertion loss, and then reflects the rotated orthogonal signal. The probes (34, 38) are spaced .lambda./4 from the reflector (36). A reflection rotator (44) is also formed using a thin plate which is orientated at 45.degree. to the incident linear polarisation with a short circuit (46) spaced approximately a quarter wavelength (.lambda.

Abstract: A monopulse comparator receives an incoming RF signal through a multimode antenna and splits it into a first-half signal that corresponds to the incoming RF signal as received by one half of the antenna and a second-half signal that corresponds to the incoming RF signal as received by the other half of the antenna. A folded magic tee selectively separates an unsymmetric mode component signal and a symmetric mode component signal from the first-half signal. In one embodiment, the unsymmetric mode component signal is the TE.sub.2,0 mode and the symmetric mode component signal is the TE.sub.1,0 mode. The energy of the TE.sub.2,0 mode signal is dependent on .DELTA.AZ information of the incoming RF signal relative to the antenna's boresight. The TE.sub.1,0 mode contains the .SIGMA. and .DELTA.EL signals. A second folded magic tee selectively separates the corresponding unsymmetrical and symmetrical mode component signals of the second-half signal. Waveguide-to-microstrip transition circuits transition the TE.sub.

Abstract: A waveguide device non-uniformly distributes in the magnetic plane a microwave signal from a first waveguide between a second and a third waveguide. The second and third waveguides are arranged parallel to each other and separated by a partition wall, and are terminated at one of their ends by shoulder walls in which an opening is arranged. The first waveguide is attached to this opening. The opening and the first waveguide are displaced sideways with respect to the longitudinal direction of the partition wall.

Abstract: An adjustable microwave power divider circuit (50), providing the capability of adjusting the power division ratio after the device has been fabricated. The device includes three 90 degree transmission line networks (60, 70, 80) incorporating open transmission line stubs (66, 76, 86), two networks (70, 80) as power division networks, and the third network (60) as an input impedance matching network. A series isolation resistor (90) is connected across the outputs of the power division networks. In operation, an input signal is split between the two power division networks (70, 80) with equal voltage and phase. The power split between the two outputs is adjusted by adjusting the open stub length, thereby varying the characteristic impedance level between the two power division networks. Any signal reflected back into any one of the power divider networks is absorbed by the isolation resistor. The stub length can be trimmed after device fabrication using a laser or abrasion system.

Abstract: An arrangement for forming a radio test loop in a radio unit comprising several radio transmitters and radio receivers wherein each radio transmitter comprises a test signal output, which is adjustable during an operation of testing the radio transmitter, from a high-impedance state to a low-impedance state for outputting a test signal derived from a signal transmitted by the radio transmitter to a frequency converter for conversion to the receiving frequency before looping to the respective radio receiver. To reduce cable-laying required for the test loop, the test signal outputs of all the radio transmitters are connected with spacings of approximately n.lambda./2 to a common combiner cable connected to the input of the frequency converter, where .lambda.=the wave length at the transmitting frequency and n=1, 2, 3, . . . .

Abstract: A microwave power combiner is formed in a cylindrical hollow metallic housing utilizing a number of pie shaped chambers formed with metallic vanes attached to and extending radially inward from the interior sidewalls of the cylindrical hollow metallic housing. Individual microwave power sources exterior to the cylindrical hollow metallic housing transmit energy into the pie shaped chambers. Two ring shaped metallic vane straps are used to control impedance mismatches and the resonant frequency of the microwave power combiner. The microwave power from the individual microwave power sources combine in the cylindrical hollow metallic housing and is extracted through the circular top of the cylindrical hollow metallic housing by means of a waveguide or a transmission line. The individual microwave power sources can be replaced as needed without affecting impedance matching or the efficiency of power transfer. There is flexibility in the number of individual microwave power sources used.

Abstract: A modulated bunched electron beam incident on the inner conductor 16 of a coaxial structure launches TEM waves that are distributed to multiple radial waveguides 22 around the outer conductor 14 of the coaxial structure. A tuning piston 32 may be moved axially within the outer conductor for matching the impedance of the coaxial structure to the waveguide array.

Abstract: Wiring topology and hierarchy of transmission line impedances for connecting I/O of semiconductor devices together. This arrangement gives smooth signal shapes for signal rise and fall times as fast as one (1) nsec or faster. The design uses a balanced multi-way branched net with increasing impedance until very close to the end, of the net, where it is a balanced multi-way branched net with unterminated ends. Thus, coming out of the signal driver is a single impedance transmission line. This single impedance transmission line (A) then branches into two impedance transmission lines (B), each having an impedance higher than the single line impedance that feeds it. These lines (B) are used to drive electronic modules. After entering the electronic modules through a connector, each of these lines (B) then branch into two transmission lines (C) having a yet higher impedance value. Each of these lines (C) finally ends in a cluster of four transmission lines (D.

Abstract: A dual mode waveguide orthomode transducer has a section of circular waveguide (12) and a transition (16) from circular waveguide to rectangular waveguide disposed coaxially along a longitudinal axis (38). A terminus of the transition (16) opposite the circular waveguide (12) serves as a straight port (46) for input signals, and at the opposite end of the circular waveguide there is a front port (14) for outputting electromagnetic signals. A side port (48) connects via a tapered rectangular waveguide (40) perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (38) to connect with the circular waveguide (12), and to couple electromagnetic energy into the circular waveguide (12) via a window (50) disposed in a sidewall (42) of the circular waveguide. A plane of polarization of a wave in one input port is perpendicular to a plane of polarization of a wave in the other input port.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for providing salphasic distributions of synchronization signals to physically separated entities typically composing a system. Salphasic behavior is a fundamental property of standing waves in any physical situation governed by the wave equation and where the signal is isophasic, i.e., its phase remains constant, over extended regions and abruptly jumps by 180.degree. between adjacent regions. This behavior is used to minimize the phase shifts due to propagation path lengths. A sinusoidal signal is generated and impressed on a distribution medium which is in turn connected to receivers at the various entities to be synchronized. The medium and loads due to the receivers are composed to cause the synchronizing signal to form nearly pure standing waves in the medium. This enables all the entities to receive the synchronizing signal substantially in the same phase to within an ambiguity of exactly 180.degree.

Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip converter allowing size reduction as well as providing good cross polar discrimination and input VSWR characteristic. The waveguide to microstrip converter includes a structure of an orthogonal transducer formed of a circular waveguide and a rectangular waveguide integrally formed with and orthogonal to the circular waveguide. A first probe and a second probe are respectively coupled to the circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide. An output terminal of the first probe and an output terminal of the second probe are formed on the same plane and connected to respective microstrip lines.

Abstract: In a power amplifying apparatus which has a high-frequency power divider and combiner and two to four parallel-operated power amplifiers, in which a change is made in the number of the parallel-operated power amplifiers so as to adjust output power, there are provided a power dividing circuit D.sub.1 having a transmission line Wd.sub.51 serving as an impedance transformer set in such a manner that the power loss is minimized by assigning an intermediate number 3 between 2 and 4 both of which indicate the number of divisions, and having four output terminals, and a power combining circuit S.sub.1 having a transmission line Ws.sub.51 serving as an impedance transformer set in such a manner that the power loss is minimized by assigning the intermediate number 3 indicative of the number of combinations, and having four input terminals.

Abstract: An antenna feed having a common circular waveguide with a longitudinally extending rectangular slot in a wall thereof and defining a receive port. An iris is rotatably connected adjacent the receive port permitting selective relative polarization of the transmit and receive signals. The relative polarization may be readily selected by a technician in the field without the need for changing antenna feeds when, for example, changing from co-polarization to cross-polarization. The iris includes a rectangular opening therein permitting the passage therethrough of the transmit signal while blocking the passage of a signal of the same frequency as the receive signal. The iris is positioned adjacent the receive port to enhance coupling of the receive signal into the receive port. The antenna feed provides high isolation between transmit and receive ports without the need for a filter on the transmit port.

Abstract: Waveguide OMT, which can be utilized as an antenna feed, has two orthogonally polarized coaxial ports extending through the back wall of the waveguide. Cross coupling between the probes is minimized by locating the point of entry through the back wall and orienting each probe such that it couples to a primary waveguide mode, but does not couple to the first higher waveguide mode, or, for coaxial waveguide, does not couple to the TEM mode.

Abstract: A tunable circuit is disclosed which allows tuning while maintaining a constant Q. The filter uses a synthetic inductor and a capacitance multiplier in place of discrete inductive and capacitive elements. By coupling the synthetic inductor and capacitance through a variable resistor, means are provided for varying the peaking frequency of the circuit while maintaining a constant Q.

Abstract: Dielectric waveguide-to-transmission line transition structures are disclosed which can be used to interface low loss dielectric waveguides with integrated electric circuits for operation in millimeter wave frequency ranges on the order of 100 GHz. Numerous transition designs are presented for interfacing signal propagation in rectangular or cylindrical coplanar metallic transmission lines to signal propagation in dielectric waveguides. In one embodiment of the present invention, a transition structure is provided which includes a first transition section for interfacing a dielectric waveguide to a microstrip transmission line, and a second transition section for interfacing the microstrip transmission line to a coplanar transmission line. In other embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric waveguide interfaces directly to a coplanar transmission line.

Abstract: The orthomode transducer between a circular waveguide and a coaxial cable consists of a circular waveguide section, into which two probes externally connected to coaxial connectors penetrate. The probe placed close to the input aperture of the waveguide is tuned by a screw and a metal plate belonging to the same axial plane and the other probe is tuned by a screw and a circular disc which closes the waveguide. The shapes of the plate and of the probes are such as to allow the best power coupling between the waveguide and the coaxial line over a wide operating band (10% of the mid-band frequency).

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed in which a ring of microwave amplifiers are spaced around the top of a cavity closure structure containing upper and lower splitter and combiner cavities. The inputs and outputs of the amplifiers are connected by, respectively, input and output coaxial couplers to points in, respectively, the splitter and combiner cavities which are spaced radially outward of, and equiangularly around the centers of these cavities. In operation, input microwaves are distributed by the splitter cavity and input couplers to the amplifiers to be amplified by them in parallel, and the several microwave outputs of the amplifies are merged together by the output couplers and combiner cavity to provide a single amplified output. On the upper and lower sides of the splitter and combiner cavities are rigid metal plates with flat surfaces facing towards these cavities, and on the lower and upper sides of the splitter and combiner cavities are sheet metal dishes.

Abstract: A single balanced to dual unbalanced transformer containing within it two quarter wave transformers and seven matching network impedances. The quarter wave transformers are of common ground reference, feed a balanced output, and are coupled to and fed by two unbalanced feeds. The single balanced to dual unbalanced transformer may also contain within it a variable impedance transmission line, a power amplifier, and a low noise amplifier. The single balanced to dual unbalanced transformer provides transmit/receive paths to a passive radiator load by utilizing dynamic impedances presented by the power amplifier, the low noise amplifier, a switch, or a variable impedance transmission line that makes the active radiator concept feasible and is a new concept For solid state phased array radars and communication systems that reduces losses, improves efficiency, and ultimately reduces cost.