Abstract: The invention relates to processing of radio frequency signals, particularly to the balancing of signals. The phasing and balancing member according to the invention is based on the use of four parallel strip lines (10, 20, 30, 40). The strip lines are combined as two pairs (10, 40; 20, 30), which are located within each other. In the line pair (20, 30) connected the unbalanced signal the other ends (22, 32) are interconnected, and in the line pair (10, 40) connected to the balanced signal the other ends (12, 42) are connected to a point corresponding to the signal's zero potential. In the different lines of each pair the signal travels in opposite directions, whereby the radiation fields generated by the signals travelling in the different lines substantially cancel each other.

Abstract: A transition is provided for interfacing a coplanar waveguide with a three dimensional microwave waveguide. The transition includes three coplanar conductors that are formed integrally with and extend from the coplanar waveguide. The transition extends into the microwave waveguide through a slot, with the plane of the transition being perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electric field in the waveguide. The center conductor of the transition is a patch whose width increases. The other two conductors are attached to the side conductors of the coplanar waveguide and to the exterior of the waveguide. They flank the patch and have curved edges complementary to those of the patch. The gaps are initially narrow, and become wider gradually. Further, as each guide steers the electric field while changing direction by 90.degree., it rotates the orientation of the electric field vector by the same amount.

Abstract: A durable, broad-band low insertion loss RF feedthrough is formed of a straight conductor (5) centrally supported by, hermetically sealed to and axially extending through the center of a strong, rigid, impervious ceramic disk (3). The ceramic disk is hermetically sealed, directly or indirectly, to the metal barrier (11) through which the feedthrough is to propagate RF energy. The new ferrule and ferrule-less ceramic metal RF feedthroughs avoid the use of glass, conventional in existing feedthroughs. The novel feedthrough serves as the principal element of a microwave microstrip line to waveguide transition.

Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip transition (124) formed in a multi-layer substrate (208) is disclosed. The waveguide to microstrip transition (124) may be incorporated into a hermetically sealed package including a metal base (202), a multi-layer circuit (208), a metal ring (206), and a metal cover (204). The multi-layer circuit (208) has at least a first dielectric layer (230), a second dielectric layer (222), and a first conductive layer (218) disposed between the bottom side of the first dielectric layer (230) and the top side of the second dielectric layer (222). The multi-layer circuit (208) includes a waveguide (234). An electromagnetically reflective material (236) coats the walls of the waveguide (234) to allow signals to propagate by reflection through the waveguide (234) toward the first dielectric layer (230). Plated through vias (126) are located in at least the first dielectric layer (230).

Abstract: A non-directional signal combiner including a common ground plane, first and second coaxial cable connectors and a sum port. Each of the connectors has an inner conductor and an outer conductor, with the outer conductors connected to the common ground plane. The combiner also includes first and second coaxial cables, each having inner and outer conductors. The inner conductor of the first coaxial cable extends between the inner conductor of the first connector and the sum port, while the inner conductor of the second coaxial cable extends between the inner conductor of the second connector and the sum port. Each of the first and the second coaxial cables are wound into coils.

Abstract: A broadband, high power balun which includes plural sets of first and second coaxial cables. Each cable has a center conductor and a shield conductor. Each shield conductor of each cable within each set is connected to a shield conductor of the other coaxial cable of the set. The first input lead is connected to a first end of a center conductor of a first coaxial cable of each set. The second input lead is connected to a first end of a center conductor of a second coaxial cable of each set. A second end of a center conductor of a first coaxial cable of a set of coaxial cables provides an output lead for the balun. A second end of a center conductor of a second coaxial cable of a set of coaxial cables provides an output lead for the balun. A second end of each remaining center conductor of each coaxial cable of each set of coaxial cables is connected to a second end of a center conductor of a coaxial cable of another set of coaxial cables.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transition between a ridge waveguide and a planar circuit on which a conductor is provided. The transition includes at least one conductive link connecting the end of said ridge to said conductor between two contact points. According to the invention, the contact points face a common access provided for putting the conductive link in place. It is thus possible to implement the contact points industrially, e.g. by means of a thermocompression machine.

Abstract: A converter for a satellite antenna including a housing (20) accommodating a circuit support (13, 24) and having a hollow waveguide (26) and an RF output (28), both of which can be connected to the circuit support. The manufacturing effort can be reduced in that, together with adapted metallic components (11, 12), the circuit support constitutes a self-contained, fully operable core module (10, 21) which can be built into the housing.

Abstract: A balanced modulator has a pair of diodes, a plurality of line patterns including a balance-to-unbalance converter, the line patterns including lines extending toward and connected to the diodes, respectively, and at least a set of capacitive stubs disposed near the lines and spaced from each other by a distance of .lambda./8 (.lambda. is the wavelength at a frequency used). The capacitive stubs are connectable to the lines by bonding wires for isolation adjustments.

Abstract: A multilayered balun transformer in which not only loss can be suppressed but also phase difference or level difference between balanced signal terminals can be suppressed and which become easy to design. In the multilayered balun signal transformer, a coil 4 and a capacitor C1 are formed in a dielectric by a multilayered structure to thereby form a high-pass filter 6. A low-pass filter 9 is formed from another combination of a coil 7 and a capacitor C2. The high-pass filter 6 and the low-pass filter 9 are arranged lengthwise in the direction of multilayer so that the capacitors C1 and C2 are present on extensions of magnetic flux generated in the inside of the coils 4 and 7 respectively.

Abstract: A balun structure is formed by stripline or square coaxial transmission ls and stacked dielectric substrates. The invention provides a technique for building a balun that maintaines low insertion loss and good balance for DC-to-GHz applications. The impedance ratio of the balanced transmission line to the unbalanced transmission line is N.sup.2 :1, where N is the number of microstrip transmission lines in the balun. This will prevent the signal loss that occurs when ferrite cores are placed around the transmission lines.

Abstract: A waveguide feed is fabricated by first creating a lead frame (10) from a piece of conductive material. The lead frame (10) is shaped by bending arms (22) and probe portions (18) on the lead frame (10) into a desired shape. The lead frame (10) is then placed in a mold and dielectric molding material is added around relevant portions of the lead frame (10). After the dielectric molding material has solidified, excess molding material and extraneous portions of the lead frame (10) are removed from the molded feed assembly. The assembly can then be connectorized and inserted into a waveguide.

Abstract: In an apparatus for EMC testing of electrical devices, conductors are arranged at opposite sides of a chamber of conductive material at a spacing from and parallel to the chamber walls. These conductors form a symmetrical double line and are fed out of phase at one end by a radio frequency source. They are electrically connected to the chamber walls at the other end via terminating impedances.

Abstract: A waveguide-to-microstrip transition package (30) for processing electromagnetic wave signals includes a waveguide (32) for directing the signals to the input of the waveguide (32). A substrate (34) overlaps the input of the waveguide (32) to form a hermetic seal. A metallized probe (36) conducts the signals to a microstrip line (40) and is patterned upon the substrate (34). The transition (30) also includes an iris (48) formed from a metallized pattern on the opposite side of the substrate (34) from the probe (36). The special design of the probe (36), the structure of the iris (48) and the wave guide cavity (46) above the probe (36) allow impedance matching and efficient signal transfer from waveguide (32) to microstrip line (40) or from microstrip line (40) to waveguide (32).

Abstract: A broadband horn-like, linearly polarized antenna element is driven from a microstrip line and a balun. The horn is skeletonized, and has no sides, and consequently operates in TEM mode for broad frequency bandwidth. In another embodiment, two or more baluns feed the horn-like antenna element, thereby allowing a plurality of amplifiers or other sources to be combined at the antenna, for power summation or for multiplexing. An array of such elements, arranged for both vertical and horizontal polarization, makes a structure which presents mostly metallic surfaces, and is therefore rugged, and overpressure resistant.

Abstract: A transmission medium consists of a dielectric waveguide shielded by a metal guide. The guide is particularly suitable for providing low insertion loss, convenient transfer of power from one such transmission line to another and for the trouble free handling of high power levels at many hundreds of watts. This type of transmission medium may be used to provide low loss combination of power signals that is low loss, compact while containing the solid state power amplifying elements (MMICs) and capable of high power.

Abstract: A method and system for testing the continuity of a transmission line in a non-addressable network. A method and system in a communications service environment are provided, the environment including an addressable network and a non-addressable network, for testing transmission line continuity in the non-addressable network. In an embodiment, a signal generator connected to a first transmission line in the addressable network generates a signal on the first transmission line. The first transmission line is connected to a second transmission line in the non-addressable network by a bridge. The bridge transfers the signal from the first transmission line to the second transmission line. The system also includes a signal receiver connected to the second transmission line for receiving the signal over the second transmission line when the second transmission line is continuous.

Abstract: A printed circuit balanced to unbalanced (balun) transformer. The balun includes strip circuitry having first, second and third conductors. The first conductor provides a primary inductor of the transformer. The primary inductor has a first electrode adapted for coupling to an unbalanced transmission line and a second electrode electrically connected to the ground plane conductor. The second conductor provides a first secondary inductor of the transformer. The first secondary inductor is inductively coupled to a first portion of the primary inductor. A first electrode of the first secondary inductor is electrically connected to the ground plane conductor and a second electrode of the first primary inductor coupled to a first of a pair of output ports. The conductor provides a second secondary inductor of the transformer. The second secondary inductor is inductively coupled to a second portion of the primary inductor.

Abstract: A balun network is provided having first and second conductor portions symmetric along a center line therebetween. A connecting conductor portion 130 couples ends of the first and second conductor portions with a spacing therebetween. The first and second conductor portions have a like-length of one-quarter wavelength. A balanced port 140 is provided between a first end of the first conductor portion 110 and a first end of the second conductor portion 120. An unbalanced port 150 is provided between a ground reference plane 160 and a first end of the first conductor portion.

Abstract: A transition between a waveguide and transmission line is disclosed in which a probe portion of the transmission line extends into the waveguide to electrically field couple signals between the waveguide and transmission line. The transmission line is preferably a coplanar fuse and includes a substrate having conductors disposed therein which prevent energy from propagating into the substrate from the waveguide. Propagation of energy into the desired transmission line mode is therefore facilitated. Because the probe is formed as an integral part of the transmission line, direct coupling to the waveguide is possible without the use of intervening sections, transitions or transmission lines. The transition may be scaled in order to couple a wide range of frequencies.

Abstract: A double-balanced microwave biphase modulator circuit is provided with a first balun for transforming the unbalanced RF Input impedance to a balanced diode impedance and providing direct current ground return paths, and a second balun for transforming the balanced diode impedance to the unbalanced RF Output impedance and providing access for data input. The first balun consists of a transmission line attached from a coupled pair of transmission lines to ground. The second balun consists of three pairs of coupled transmission lines, in which the first two pairs of transmission lines are attached to a diode ring, to a data input filter, to a circuit ground, and to the third pair of transmission lines.

Abstract: A half-wave balun network balanced for at least current is provided by a conductor section having contiguous conductor portions 130 and 140. A balanced port 110 is provided between ends of the conductor section. An unbalanced port 120 is provided between one end of the conductor section and a ground plane 107. A difference between impedances of the contiguous conductor portions 130 and 140 of the half-wave balun network provides for a selectable impedance ratio between the port impedances of the balanced and unbalanced ports 110 and 120. In one embodiment the number of different impedance conductor portions approaches infinity, thereby providing a tapered conductor section.

Abstract: In a high frequency transmission arrangement such as that used to deliver microwave energy from a magnetron to a waveguide, a ceramic probe is covered with a non-ceramic dielectric material such as PTFE. This allows the magnetron to operate satisfactorily at low Pressures where arcing would otherwise be expected to occur.

Abstract: A phase splitter includes an input port coupled to receive a modulated carrier having a relatively wide bandwidth and has first and second output ports for supplying, respectively, first and second modulated carrier constituents having a uniform phase angle differential, such as 180.degree., between one another while maintaining a uniform amplitude over the bandwidth for the modulated carrier. A transmission line comprised of one or more individual segments includes first and second conductors respectively coupled to the output ports of the phase splitter to receive the first and second modulated carrier constituents from the phase splitter. A coupler is positioned sufficiently near the transmission line to receive the first and second modulated carrier constituents being applied to any of the individual segments.

Abstract: An active device, such as a field effect transistor ("FET"), converts microwave signals between a slot transmission line ("slotline") and a coplanar waveguide ("CPW") In slotline-to-CPW conversion using one or more FETs, a gate connection is made to one or both of the slotline conductors. A drain connection is made to the center conductor on the CPW. Two FET source terminals are connected respectively to each CPW ground strip and may be coupled to a slotline conductor. The active device can be reconnected so as to reverse the input and output, providing for conversion of signals from CPW to slotline. Conversion between balanced-signal slotline and CPW further includes passive or active phase shift of one signal path.

Abstract: A coupled line element has a plurality of coupled lines equalized to each other in line length to set a phase difference between output signals within a desired range. The coupled lines are wound to form a spiral section. An extension is formed continuously with an end of one or more of the coupled lines forming an inner winding in the spiral section. The line length of this coupled line is thereby equalized to that of the coupled line forming an outermost winding in the spiral section. Alternatively, the coupled lines can be formed into two spiral sections which are wound in opposite directions.

Abstract: A microwave transition consisting of a stripline member coupled to a pair of slot lines deposited on the outer surfaces of a pair of contiguous dielectric rib members. The stripline and one slot line on one of the rib members cross each other at right angles on parallel planes forming an energy coupling junction. One end of both slot lines comprise slot line regions which are either smooth tapered or stepped out to the full width of the dielectric ribs so as to couple RF energy to the normal fields in a twin toroid phase shifter which in one embodiment the toroids extend past the cross-over junction while in the second embodiment two additional dielectric layers are contiguously applied to the outside surfaces of the dielectric rib members containing the slot lines for matching the electric fields in the slots to the toroids. The outer surfaces of the transition including the twin toroids are metallized and fitted into a metal sleeve which provides support for the composite structure.

Abstract: A fin-line antenna 51 comprises fins 51a and 51b and a fin-line antenna 52 comprises fins 52a and 52b. The fins 51b and 52b are integrated into one body and connected to a ground layer of a strip line 31. The length of each antenna 51 or 52 is one wavelength. A millimetric wave of waveguide mode which is received by one of the antennas 51 and 52 is split into four paths and each split wave is injected into each of four divided portions of a signal line of the strip line 31 comprising series connections of many Josephson junctions. One end of each divided portion is grounded via a termination resistor 38 and a capacitor 39. A summed output of the generated voltage of each Josephson junction is obtained between both ends 42 and 43 of the strip line 31.

Abstract: A Guanella 1:4 balun is made capable of handling frequencies in the gigahertz range by printing its transmission lines on a microwave laminate. The resulting balun has a largest dimension substantially smaller than one free space wavelength throughout a 20:1 usable frequency range.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave device includes a pedestal having an upper surface; a microwave IC chip operating at a millimeter wave band, the chip being mounted on the upper surface of the pedestal; line substrates having respective transmission lines connected to the microwave IC chip, the line substrates being mounted on opposite sides of the microwave IC chip on the upper surface of the pedestal; a lid covering and sealing the microwave IC chip and the line substrates, the lid being disposed opposite the upper surface of the pedestal; and waveguides, each waveguide including a waveguide input/output part having an opening penetrating the pedestal transverse to the upper surface and a waveguide end portion connected to the waveguide input/output part, the waveguides being disposed in the vicinity of opposite ends of the pedestal.

Abstract: An RF waveguide signal transition apparatus for minimizing leakage at RF frequency is described which consists of providing a plurality of plated through-holes (16) of blind holes in a circuit board (10). The plated holes (16) are disposed on the circumference of a circle around the RF waveguide to microstrip transition of probe (14) and each of the plated holes (16) is connected to a ground plane (24). The size of distribution of the plated holes provides a barrier to signal leakage at RF frequencies in the range 10.95-11.7 GHz and they also provide a transition impedance similar to the 50 ohm characteristic impedance providing satisfactory matching and minimizing leakage into the board. The apparatus can also be used to minimise leakage from microstrip to microstrip transitions passing through the circuit board.

Abstract: A quadrifilar antenna is comprised of four radiators which, in the preferred embodiment, are etched onto a radiator portion of a microstrip substrate. The microstrip substrate is formed into a cylindrical shape such that the radiators are helically wound. Also etched onto the microstrip substrate is a feed network that provides 0.degree., 90.degree., 180.degree. and 270.degree. signals to the antenna radiators. The feed network utilizes a combination of one or more branch line couplers and one or more power dividers to accept an input signal from a transmitter and to provide therefrom the 0.degree., 90.degree., 180.degree. and 270.degree. signals needed to drive the antenna. For receive operations, the feed network utilizes these same components to receive the 0.degree., 90.degree., 180.degree. and 270.degree. signals from the antenna radiators and to provide a single output signal to a communications receiver.

Abstract: A waveguide-microstrip transmission line transition structure is provided having a microstrip transmission line structure adapted for coupling to an open end of a waveguide. The microstrip transmission line structure includes a microstrip transmission line having a ground plane conductor and an antenna electrically coupled to the microstrip transmission line through an aperture in the ground plane conductor. The ground plane conductor is adapted for mounting in a plane intersecting a longitudinal axis of the waveguide. The antenna provides impedance matching between the microstrip transmission line and the waveguide. With such an arrangement, a relatively simpler manufacturable structure is provided because it is adapted for mounting to a standard waveguide flange and does not require specially machined waveguide pieces. The arrangement also provides modularity, in that the waveguide can be easily connected to and disconnected from the microstrip transmission line structure.

Abstract: A combiner/divider is provided which includes a common output/input port and a plurality of N input/output ports and a plurality of N isolation ports. A 90.degree. phase shifter interconnects each of the N input/output ports with the common port. N transmission line balun transformers are provided with each interconnecting an input/output port with one of the N isolation ports. Each balun transformer serves as a two-way power splitter.

Abstract: A waveguide evanescent mode filter is integrated with a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) by forming both the MMIC circuitry and the waveguide filter on a single substrate that forms a common ground plane for both elements. The waveguide has a superstructure with an interior recess that is contoured to provide a desired cutoff frequency. The underlying portion of the ground plane can form the lower portion of the waveguide itself, and can also be contoured to define the cutoff frequency. Adjustable attenuation is provided by a resistive card that can be inserted by different amounts into the waveguide.

Abstract: A mode transformer for a waveguide and microstrip lines capable of obtaining sufficient cross polarization isolation and a receiving converter comprising the same is provided. Transformers of horizontal and vertical polarized waves comprise orthogonal first and second microstrip lines and a circular waveguide. By placing a metal bar connected to the waveguide between the first and second microstrip lines, the metal bar has the ground potential which is the same as the potential of the circular input waveguide and the electric fields excited in the first and second microstrip lines have a polarity that move toward the direction of the metal bar, so that electric field coupling of the first and second microstrip lines may be avoided.

Abstract: A differential signal is coupled to an unbalanced port (116) from a balanced port (110) by receiving a first portion of a first phase of a differential signal at a first resonator (104) and receiving a second phase of the differential signal at a second resonator (108). The first portion of the first phase of the differential signal is coupled to a first matching element (112) and the second phase of the differential signal is coupled to a second matching element (118). The first portion of the first phase of the differential signal is coupled to a phasing element (122) through the first matching element (112) and a second portion of the first phase of the differential signal, which is a 180 degree out of representation of the second phase of the differential signal, is coupled to the phasing element (122) through the second matching element (118).

Abstract: A description follows of a circuit arrangement for selectively processing a first or a second high-frequency signal, which guarantees a proper broadband separation of the high-frequency signals comprisinga first inserting device for inserting the first high-frequency signal from a common waveguide arrangement into a first signal processing branch, a second inserting device for inserting the second high-frequency signal from the common waveguide arrangement into a second signal processing branch, a switchable high-frequency amplifying arrangement in each signal processing branch for selectively switching and amplifying, and blocking respectively, the associated inserted high-frequency signal, anda transmission arrangement in each signal processing branch for transmitting the associated high-frequency signal from the first or second respectively, inserting device to the associated, switchable high-frequency amplifying arrangement, in which each of the transmission arrangements comprises a high-frequency preampl

Abstract: A composite microwave circuit module includes a multilayer dielectric substrate, upper- and lower-surface grounds, an antenna pattern, a plurality of shield via holes, and a large number of first holes. The upper- and lower-surface grounds are formed on upper and lower surfaces of the multilayer dielectric substrate, respectively, and the upper-surface ground has an opening portion for waveguide coupling. The antenna pattern is formed on an interlayer of the multilayer dielectric substrate by a high-frequency signal line in correspondence with the opening portion. The plurality of shield via holes are formed around the antenna pattern and filled with a filler material to form a pseudo waveguide structure. The first holes have cavities formed in the multilayer dielectric substrate in correspondence with the pseudo waveguide structure between the antenna pattern and the opening portion of the upper-surface substrate. A method of manufacturing this circuit module is also disclosed.

Abstract: A microwave polarizer particularly in a system for coupling energy between a waveguide and a transmission line. The polarizer reduces cross polarization by means of the probes being adjusted to an input impedance of less than 50 ohms, in particular to 20 ohms, by reducing the penetration depth of the probes. The smaller penetration depth also increases the distance between the two probes, which reduces cross polarization.

Abstract: A matching arrangement matches and turns the impedance of a high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter (3) to the characteristic impedance of an external system. The arrangement includes a power divider/combiner (9,10) with 180 degrees phase difference between the two output ports of the divider--or input ports of the combiner--and an adjustable capacitor (15, 24) installed between the power divider/combiner (9,10) and the SAW-filter (3). The arrangement may be a microstrip network where the power divider/combiner includes a Wilkinson-divider (9,10) in combination with a 180 degrees phase-shift (11,12) between the output arms (13, 14; 20, 21) of the divider (9,10).

Abstract: A planar triply-balanced microstrip mixer for microwave and millimeter wave operation includes an RF port, and IF port and an LO port. The mixer is constructed on a single side of a two-sided substrate. The single side of the substrate supports an RF balun network connected to the RF port, an IF balun network connected to the IF port, and an LO balun network connected to the LO port; a pair of crossover diode ring quad circuits arranged in a planar back-to-back configuration; and a planar microstrip feed network connecting the RF, IF, and LO ports to the diode ring quad circuits through the RF, IF and LO balun networks.

Abstract: A low profile, compact microstrip-to-waveguide or stripline-to-waveguide transition. The end of the waveguide is terminated in a cavity backed slot defined in a groundplane formed on a dielectric substrate. The slot is excited by a microstrip or stripline conductor defined on the opposite side of the substrate. The conductor is terminated in a T-shaped junction including two opposed arms extending along the slot, each having a length equal to one-quarter wavelength at the center frequency of operation. A cavity covers the substrate on the conductor side, and is sized so that no cavity modes resonate in the frequency band of operation. The transition is matched by appropriate selection of the length of the slot and the length and position of the microstrip.

Abstract: A low profile, compact microstrip-to-waveguide transition which utilizes electromagnetic coupling instead of direct coupling. The end of the waveguide is terminated in a cavity backed slot defined in a groundplane formed on a dielectric substrate. The slot is excited by a microstrip line defined on the opposite side of the substrate, offset from the slot centerline. A cavity covers the substrate on the microstrip side, and is sized so that no cavity modes resonate in the frequency band of operation. The transition is matched by appropriate selection of the length of the slot and the length and position of the microstrip.

Abstract: Disclosed is a waveguide coaxial converter in the form of a rectangular tube, open at an end opposite a closed end, and in which a high-frequency signal propagates along a central axis perpendicular to the open top; at least two means for regulating a capacitive susceptance which are provided along a line having a predetermined angle to the axis line of the waveguide at a predetermined position on a wide face of the waveguide and are respectively disposed at an interval of one eighth of a guide wavelength .lambda.

Abstract: A balanced-to-unbalanced converting circuit in which balanced-to-unbalanced converters are formed by a stripline in such a manner as to include a copper foil pattern which is formed on an inner or surface printed circuit layer of a multi-layer substrate and are connected to a double balanced mixer serving as a surface-mounted component provided on a first printed circuit. In the case of this converting circuit, a part of conventional surface-mounted components are eliminated from the multi-layer substrate. Thereby, the high density packaging of other surface-mounted components can be achieved. This contributes to the miniaturization, thickness reduction, weight reduction and price reduction of an entire portable telephone. Further, the balanced-to-unbalanced converters are formed by placing the copper foil pattern on a printed circuit layer which is sandwiched between grounded conductor layers of the multi-layer substrate.

Abstract: First and second transmission line couplers (202, 204) one being configured in an asymmetrical open circuit configuration, the other being configured in an asymmetrical short circuit configuration, are coupled together to form a balun transformer (200). Balun transformer (200, 400, 500) can be implemented in three port bandpass filter (800) or other differential circuits to combine the functionality of a balun transformer and a two-pole filter into one circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic device couples a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide forming a .lambda.g/2 resonator and procuring the propagation of an electromagnetic wave. The main conductor is fixed to a wall of the waveguide and extended by a pin inside the waveguide. The device comprises a tuning screw penetrating into the waveguide near the free end of the pin and perpendicular to the pin and an iris around and centered on the pin. The iris is closed on the side on the wall and its interior volume forms a zone in which the wave of the associated magnetic field is evanescent. The median axis of the tuning screw is in the plane of the aperture of the iris.

Abstract: A remote ground terminal for transmitting a modulated data signal to a satellite. The remote ground terminal includes an outdoor unit comprising an input port for receiving a modulated data signal, a housing having an upper portion and a lower portion which comprises a waveguide. The outdoor unit further comprises a transmitter module for amplifying and multiplying the modulated data signal so as to produce the modulated carrier signal. The transmitter is mounted in the lower portion of the housing so as to be positioned above at least a portion of the waveguide. The outdoor unit also comprises a probe having a first and second end, with the first end being disposed in the transmitter module. The probe receives the modulated carrier signal generated by the transmitter module. The second end of the probe extends from a lower surface of the transmitter module into the waveguide.

Abstract: Baluns according to the present invention use both distributed and discrete elements connected together in a multilayer dielectric structure. As distributed elements, coupled striplines are provided in the multilayer dielectric structure. The discrete components are placed on the surface of the multilayer structure and connected with the distributed elements through via-holes. The operating frequency of the balun can be changed by changing values of the discrete components without changing the multilayer structure itself.