Abstract: A transformation network is provided capable of interfacing between an unbalanced port (110) and a plurality of differently phased balanced ports (120, 130). A balun (165) has a choke (140) and connects the unbalanced port (110) to a balanced pair of nodes. An additional node (145) is provided on the balun. First and second unbalanced phase shift transmission lines (150, 155) have a common ground conductor connected to the additional node (145) of the balun (165). A phase-shifted balanced port (130) is thus provided by center conductors of these first and second unbalanced phase shift transmission lines (150, 155) when the other ends of these transmission lines are coupled to the balanced nodes of the balun (165) and the common ground conductor of these transmission lines is connected to the additional node (145) of the balun.

Abstract: A means of connecting a plurality of essentially identical active devices is presented for the purpose of multifunction and multiple function operation. These devices, mounted on a chip, are flip-mounted to a circuit motherboard having large passive elements. A push-pull amplifier is presented as an example in which the multiple function operation is the combining of amplifiers whose active devices are on a single chip. The electromagnetic coupling, impedance matching and signal transmission are variously provided by the use of striplines, slotlines, coplanar waveguides, and a slotline converted into a coplanar waveguide. In particular, a conversion of a split coplanar slotline to dual coplanar waveguides provides signal transmission to a pair of transistors flip-mounted onto the coplanar waveguides.

Abstract: A transmission line-to-waveguide transition that includes a microstrip impedance transformer for matching the impedance of an input transmission line to that of a flared slotline is disclosed. The slotline's width is sufficiently small such that when the transition is inserted into a waveguide the slotline is spaced inward from the waveguide's inner walls. A balun bi-directionally couples the unbalanced signal on the microstrip to a balanced signal on the slotline. The signal propagates along the slotline and is capacitively coupled to the waveguide. A trimmable tuning stub is used to adjust the resonant frequency of a parasitic cavity formed between the transition and the waveguide to increase the transition's effective bandwidth. A tapered dielectric insert is positioned inside the waveguide to decrease its size and to improve the coupling efficiency of the transition.

Abstract: A microwave line structure which has a first conducting track applied onto a substrate and a second conducting track which extends, supported on posts, at a distance above the first conducting track, a coplanar line being arranged, in addition to the microstrip line formed by the first conducting track and the second conducting track, on the substrate and coupled to this microstrip line, and the microstrip line extending between the two conducting tracks of the coplanar line, wherein, at one end of the coplanar line, the two conducting tracks of the latter are electrically conductingly connected to one another and to the first conducting track, wherein at the other end of the coplanar line the latter is open, wherein the length of the coplanar line is approximately equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the average operating frequency and wherein an asymmetrical line can be coupled to the first conducting track and the second conducting track at the short-circuited end of the coplanar line and a symmetrica

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electromagnetic wave transmission device comprising separately installed metal pins and a printed pin on a printed circuit board. The device is used to receive vertical and horizontal signals; by adjusting the positions of the internal constituent components, the objective of improving signal isolation is achieved. Under a different implementation of the present invention, the degree of isolation is improved by using a metal rod to replace a printed wire connection.

Abstract: A 180.degree. power divider accepts an input signal and splits it into two output signals that are equal in amplitude and differ in phase by 180.degree.. In a first region, an unbalanced input signal travels along a trace on a circuit surface of a substrate. On the opposite surface is a ground plane. In a second region, the ground plane tapers to a width that is substantially equal to the width of the signal trace. As a result, opposite the signal trace is a return signal trace of substantially the same width. In this region, the signal is a balanced signal, and for the current flowing in the signal trace, there is an equal but opposite current flowing in the return signal trace on the opposite side. In a third region, the return signal trace is brought to the circuit surface of the substrate and a second ground plane is provided on the opposite surface. This second ground plane is floating with respect to the first ground plane. The return signal differs in phase from the other signal by 180.degree..

Abstract: An electrical connection between a balanced circuit, such as a radio receiver and an unbalanced circuit, such as an antenna requires a balun. In a small electronic device such as a radiotelephone, a traditional balun is impractical because of the physical constraints. The balun function is performed by using a transmission line of minimum transverse dimensions and a predetermined length between the receiver and the antenna.

Abstract: A stripline to waveguide transition device efficiently and simply converts he TEM stripline mode to the TE.sub.10 rectangular waveguide mode. A stripline is inserted longitudinally, end-to-end, into a waveguide. A conductive strip extends from the conductive strip of the stripline into the waveguide passing between two metallic plates, which separate the waveguide from the stripline terminal end and establish a TE.sub.10 boundary condition. The conductive strip is orthogonally coupled at its distal end to a broad interior wall of the waveguide to provide a transition area supporting both TEM and TE.sub.10 modes.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for transiting from one form of electromagnetic wave guidance to another by increasingly or reducingly guiding an electromagnetic wave to or from a conductor serving as a ground plane and coupled to the other form of wave guidance at the ground plane through an aperture, where wave guidance can be by a waveguide, planar line or coaxial cable and to or from a planar line that is transversely disposed in relation to wave guidance thereto or therefrom.

Abstract: A thick film balanced line multilayered structure having a substrate base of nominal 0.025 or 0.030 inch thick ceramic material, a first metal layer deposited on the substrate base, a nominal 0.003 inch thick dielectric layer deposited over and around the first metal layer, and a second metal layer deposited on top of the dielectric layer in alignment with, and parallel to, the first metal layer. The structure defines a standard circuit cell suitable for use as a balun, a capacitor or an autotransformer, for use in microwave mixers, power splitters, filters, resonators and other microwave devices. The impedance of the cell is controlled by the width of the metal layers, and ranges from 5 ohms to 125 ohms, and the frequency of the cell is controlled by the length of the metal layers.

Abstract: A wideband (DC to GHz) PC-board Balun that is disclosed. The balun mainta low insertion loss and good balance for ultra wide band (UWB) applications such as impulse radar. The balun structure is formed by microstrip transmission lines on a dielectric substrate, having at least one inverting and one non-inverting transmission lines. The transmission lines are connected to form balanced transmission lines stacked about a ground plane. N transmission lines can be connected to form a N.sup.2 :1 impedance ratio balun. Ferrite cores placed about the transmission lines and resistor-capacitor circuits improve the low frequency operation of the balun.

Abstract: A routing barium-ferrite tuned resonator filter integrated with an image-enhanced, single-balanced mixer. The barium-ferrite tuned resonator filter is preferably a four-sphere barium-ferrite tuned preselector which is integrated with a harmonically mixed, image-enhanced, single-balanced mixer to provide a high level of dynamic range in a harmonically mixed front end. An input resonator of the preselector in combination with a dual PIN diode switch switches low-frequency input signals (e.g., 0 to 26.5 GHz) to a low-frequency output. For high-frequency input signals (e.g., 26.5 to 50 GHz), the four-sphere barium-ferrite tuned preselector is combined with the image-enhanced, single-balanced mixer which incorporates a GaAs monolithic diode bridge integrated circuit. This provides a front end component of a high-performance portable spectrum analyzer.

Abstract: A microwave balun is constructed by combining a four-transmission-line branch-line coupler with a single-transmission-line delay element. This construction results in a simplified, compact arrangement for combining first and second signals applied to respective first and second ports, phase shifted by 180.degree., and providing the combined signal at a third port. The balun is a reciprocal device and may be operated in reverse with a signal applied to the third port to obtain outputs at the first and second ports.

Abstract: A transformer (300) includes several layers of substrate (202, 204, 206, 208). Sandwiched between first set of layers (204 and 206) is a runner that forms two interconnected spirals (323 and 324). These spirals run in opposite directions and form two half coils of the transformer primary. Similarly, sandwiched between the second set of layers (204 and 206) is a runner that forms two other interconnected spirals (321 and 322). These spirals run in opposite directions and form two half coils of the transformer secondary. These half coils are magnetically coupled through the substrate (206) which is substantially thinner than the other substrates (204 and 208). Ground layers (210 and 216) discourage horizontal coupling of the electromagnetic flux between the half coils (321, 322, 323, 324), hence improving the vertical flux transfer through the thin layer (206). Components (218) added to the top layer (202) provide for a device, such as an amplifier inclusive of its coupling transformer.

Abstract: A composite microwave circuit module assembly has a dielectric substrate which is formed by a lower layer, an intermediate layer and an upper layer. The lower layer and the upper layer include a lower ground surface and an upper ground surface, respectively, and the intermediate layer includes a radio frequency signal circuit formed by an active circuit element and a passive circuit element. A number of via-holes filled with metal are arranged along the radio frequency signal circuit to short-circuit the upper ground surface and the lower ground surface so as to shield the radio frequency signal circuit. An element mounting cavity is disposed on the intermediate layer with a portion of dielectric above the intermediate layer being removed, and the active circuit element is mounted on an element mounting land in the cavity. The cavity is covered by a conductor plate member.

Abstract: Apparatus for coupling electromagnetic energy to electrodeless lamps. A waveguide having one end connected to a source of electromagnetic radiation was closed at the second opposite end. A coupling device at the second end couples microwave energy from the waveguide to an electrodeless lamp. The coupling device includes a coaxial transmission line having a center conductor extending through one of the walls of the waveguide adjacent the second end. An alcove partition within the waveguide contacts the extending conductor and forms an alcove in the waveguide. The alcove portion provides for an impedance matching structure between the transmission line and waveguide. The electrodeless lamp which is positioned above the free end of the coaxial transmission line is excited with the coupled microwave energy.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation converter for receiving and converting microwave signals having a circular or linear polarization. The converter comprises a waveguide for transmitting both circularly and linearly polarized signals, and a first mode transducer for converting the vertical component of the microwave signal into a corresponding signal on a microstrip line, a second mode transducer for converting the horizontal component of the microwave signal into a corresponding signal on a microstrip line, and means for combining the outputs of the first and second transducers. When receiving a circularly polarized signal, the combination means adjusts the phase of the vertical and horizontal components of a circularly polarized signal such that the phase of the vertical and horizontal components are equal prior to being combined so as to produce a signal equivalent to the circularly polarized signal originally received.

Abstract: A lumped linear avalanche transistor pulse generator utilizes stacked transistors in parallel within a stage and couples a plurality of said stages, in series with increasing zener diode limited voltages per stage and decreasing balanced capacitance load per stage to yield a high voltage, high and constant current, very short pulse.

Abstract: A coaxial-waveguide assemblage is disclosed herein of the invention includes a first coaxial transmission line having a first inner and a first outer conductor. The inventive assemblage further includes a waveguide electromagnetically coupled to the first coaxial transmission line, where an inner surface of the waveguide bounds a signal propagation space. The waveguide is also electromagnetically coupled to a second coaxial transmission having a second inner and a second outer conductor. The inner conductor of the second coaxial transmission line is disposed to rotate about a first vertical axis, thereby enabling the second coaxial transmission line to be connected to a rotating antenna. In a particular implementation the coaxial-waveguide assemblage is disposed within a rotary joint operative to couple electromagnetic energy between first and second signal ports.

Abstract: A monolithic diode star mixer incorporating an RF balun and a local oscillator balun in which a center microstrip conductor for each of the baluns is configured between parallel strip transmission lines in a common plane. The RF and local oscillator baluns are positioned in a ground plane such that the baluns are at relative right angles to each other and in which the center microstrips are connected. A center ring conductor enables the diodes associated with the mixer to be connected to the transmission lines and a common connection point. Additionally, an intermediate frequency transmission line is also connected to the conductive ring.

Abstract: A broadband coplanar waveguide to slotline transition for transferring radio frequency energy having a wavelength, .lambda.

Abstract: A uniplanar microstrip to slotline transition is provided which includes a ubstrate having opposed first and second sides. A first electrically conductive layer is joined to the first side of the insulating substrate; and a second electrically conductive layer is joined to the second side of the substrate. The second layer is configured to provide a microstrip, a microstrip transmission mode to slotline transmission mode transition having a matching element, and a slotline.

Abstract: A waveguide-microstripline transformer comprises a waveguide which is closed at one end and has a slit at a side wall thereof, a dielectric substrate plate placed on the slit, a microstripline placed on the dielectric substrate plate, and a shield case covering the dielectric substrate plate, whereby less blocking of the incident electromagnetic wave is attained.

Abstract: A support for a waveguide system includes a support body, a receiver formed at one side portion of the support body, a control plates selectively coupled to the receiver and adapted to control the coupling condition between the support body and a magnetron separably coupled to the support body to achieve a matching condition of impedance, thereby capable of a measurement of the characteristic of one of two kinds of magnetrons with different antenna dimensions, and a closing plate coupled to the receiver when the control plate is not coupled to the receiver and the characteristic of the other kind of magnetron is to be measured and adapted to close the receiver. The support enables measurements of the characteristics of a plurality of magnetrons having different dimensions. The support also eliminates the work of replacing the waveguide system every time when different models of magnetrons are measured.

Abstract: A novel circuit and method for providing amplitude and phase compensation for a balun in order to provide first and second voltage signals that are balanced has been provided. The compensation is achieved by adding an amplitude and phase compensation circuit such as a transmission line (14) or inductive (20) and capacitive (22) lumped elements in series with one of the ports of the balun on the balanced side. The amplitude and phase compensation circuit includes a characteristic impedance parameter (Zo) and an electrical length parameter (Eo) that are optimized such that the amplitude difference between first and second voltage signals is minimized, while the magnitude of the phase difference between first and second voltage signals is maximized.

Abstract: Microwave frequency device comprising at least a transition between a transmission line (24) integrated on a substrate (23) of a hard material, disposed in a first microwave frequency cavity (31), and waveguides (100) having a second microwave frequency cavity (102a, 102b). This transition comprises an open end (25a, 25b) of the integrated line which end forms a probe inserted over a length l into the cavity of the waveguide, at a distance D from a short-circuit (42a, 42b) which closes off the end of the waveguide.

Abstract: A high frequency wafer probe for measuring characteristics of a device operating in a high frequency range includes a waveguide serving as a grounding conductor of the probe, an end of which is open, having a tip and extending from an upper wall of the waveguide in the vicinity of the open end which gradually increases in extent as it approaches the open end and the tip; a signal contact part disposed on a tip of the ridge for contacting a signal input terminal of a device under test; and a plurality of grounding contact parts disposed on the same plane as the signal contact part opposite to each other with the signal contact part between two of the signal contact parts for contacting a plurality of grounding terminals of a device under test. In this structure, the contact parts of the probe can be accurately positioned on the terminals of an IC chip under test, and the contact conditions are easily visually confirmed. In addition, a high frequency wafer probe with low loss and low reflection is achieved.

Abstract: An assembly and a method is provided for coupling a microstrip circuit to a cavity resonator. The assembly includes a substrate, a microstrip circuit fabricated on one side of the substrate plate, a ground plane fabricated on the other side of the substrate plate and a cavity resonator. The microstrip is coupled to the cavity resonator by a slot fabricated in the ground plane and a planar radiator disposed between the ground plane and the cavity resonator. The assembly produces a resonator that can operate for frequencies in the range of 1-100 GHz in a simplified and less expensive manufacturing process.

Abstract: An ultra wide band DC to GHz balun consisting of transmission lines, a small inverting junction, and an RC network connecting the shields of the balanced load transmission lines such that an unbalanced source sees a matched load from DC to GHz.

Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip converter allowing size reduction as well as providing good cross polar discrimination and input VSWR characteristic. The waveguide to microstrip converter includes a structure of an orthogonal transducer formed of a circular waveguide and a rectangular waveguide integrally formed with and orthogonal to the circular waveguide. A first probe and a second probe are respectively coupled to the circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide. An output terminal of the first probe and an output terminal of the second probe are formed on the same plane and connected to respective microstrip lines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high frequency transformer capable of stable operation from DC to high frequency. Additionally the present invention provides a mixer with low insertion loss and low distortion, in which a common mode choke is removable from an input portion thereof. To form the stable high frequency transformer according to the present invention, a short circuiting pattern couples two strip lines together to form a U-shaped pattern on a printed circuit board and a lead wire is insulatedly coupled to each strip line and short-circuited at the tip of the U-shape. According to the present invention, a local oscillator is connected to a first port of the high frequency transformer, a diode switch is connected to a second port of the high frequency transformer, thereby serving as an IF output terminal, and a third port is formed at the short-circuiting pattern, thereby serving as the RF input terminal.

Abstract: A microwave connector comprises two substrates arranged in orthogonal planes. A first substrate (2) is formed as a microstrip system (8) with a microstrip component (3) connected via a quarter wavelength taper (4) to a parallel transmission line (5). This transmission line terminates in a short circuit (15) to a ground electrode (7) on the back of the microstrip. A second substrate (10) is formed as a slotline system (9) having a slotline (13) between two sheet electrodes (14). In this slotline is a slot (16) of dimensions slightly less than the slotline width and sufficient length to accommodate the microstrip. The microstrip and slotline are electrically unconnected. Energy transfer between microstrip and slotline, or vice versa, takes place by electromagnetic coupling between the transmission line and the edges of the slotline. The slotline may be formed with an additional substrate and slotline electrode in a triplate configuration. Several microstrip components (8.sub.1 to 8.sub.

Abstract: A wideband convertor for mode conversion between a TEM coaxial mode in coaxial line and the TM.sub.01 circular waveguide mode in circular waveguide. The convertor takes advantage of the somewhat similar electric field configurations of the two modes. To physically match the coaxial line to the waveguide, a tapered section is employed to provide a gradual diameter transition.

Abstract: A bandpass filter (40) includes a first microstrip split-ring resonator (12), having at least a first edge and a second edge, the first edge having a gap (20), and an input The bandpass filter (40) also includes a second microstrip split-ring resonator (14), having at least a first edge and a second edge, the first edge being coupled to the second edge of the first microstrip split-ring resonator electromagnetically (22) and by a central grounding aperture (223), and the second edge of the second microstrip split-ring resonator comprising a gap (26) and a balanced output (30, 32).

Abstract: A metallic housing encloses a suspended substrate circuit and is arranged so that the waveguide input/output port within the housing has double-ridge transitions to the suspended substrate circuit.

Abstract: A short horn antenna (10) adapted for array use includes a rectangular waveguide with broad upper (12) and lower (14) walls and narrow side walls (16, 18), defining a radiating aperture (20) and a feed end closed off by a shorting plate (22). A stepped upper ridge (26) has a slot (50) adjacent the shorting plate, and a shorter stepped lower ridge (46) has a corresponding slot. An unbalanced transmission line (75) extends through the shorting wall, and the smaller conductor (76) extends into the waveguide as an electric probe (60). The probe includes a first portion (64), extending parallel to the waveguide axis (8) and into the slot in the upper ridge. The probe (60) also includes a second portion (66) extending at an angle (90.degree.) relative to the first portion (64) of the probe (60).

Abstract: A circularly polarized generator for transmitting circularly polarized transmitted electromagnetic waves and a circularly polarized wave reception antenna for receiving the electromagnetic waves is disclosed. A crank-shaped conductor pattern composed of a pair of U-shaped portions connected to each other so that the open sides of the letter U are directed oppositely to each other is affixed on a substrate, and has its one end arranged as a signal transmitting and receiving end for achieving minimum transmission losses and optimum axial ratio or intersecting polarized wave component discriminating factor as well as for reducing the size and weight and assuring ease of manufacture.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an antenna enclosure provided with a circuit on which an antenna is etched and a balun circuit for feeding the antenna, itself connected to a microelectronic enclosure fitted with an airtight connection having a sealed glass bead with at least one conducting wire passing through it. The balun circuit has at least two different tracks on each side of a dielectric substrate. At least one immediate electrical contact is provided between the conducting wire of the enclosure and one of the tracks of the balun circuit, at the same time as a direct mechanical fixing of the antenna enclosure to the microelectronic enclosure, accompanied by another connection of the same type or an earth transfer conductor which is connected to the other balun track and is in contact with the microelectronic enclosure.

Abstract: A length of strip transmission line uses two symmetrically spaced center conductors between two groundplanes. These conductive strips produce an even-mode electric field between the two groundplanes when excited in-phase and an odd-mode electric field when excited in anti-phase relationship. For the latter case, the phase velocity of the odd-mode is significantly affected by the electric field in the gap region between the conducting strips. By varying the relative dielectric constant of a material located in the gap region, e.g., by means of a voltage-controllable dielectric such as barium-titanate compositions, the phase velocity and, hence, the phase shift of an RF signal propagating through the strip transmission medium can be controlled.

Abstract: An improved helix antenna including a single unitary antenna having plural radiating elements extending radially from a common junction. A microstrip balun is connected to the plural antenna elements at the common junction. In a particular embodiment, the antenna includes four radiating elements arranged in a helical pattern and mounted such that a longitudinal axis extending through the axial center of the antenna is coincident with a longitudinal axis of the microstrip balun. One or more of the radiating elements includes a semi-circular loop to create phase relationships necessary for a circularly polarized beam pattern. The microstrip balun includes a transmission line and a ground plane on opposite sides of a dielectric substrate. The transmission line and the ground plane are tapered for impedance matching between the input and the output thereof.

Abstract: A bend portion is provided on the inside of a waveguide main body for bending a proceeding direction of a radio wave from a waveguide on the side of a primary feed horn. The radio wave is transmitted with its proceeding direction changed such that an electric field of the radio wave is parallel with a conversion unit. Further provided on the inside of the waveguide main body is a conversion unit including a microstrip line for converting the radio wave from the bend portion to supply electric power.

Abstract: An integrated waveguide/stripline signal transition structure and method for fabricating the same are provided for allowing high frequency signal transitions. The signal transition structure includes a waveguide which has a conductive cavity for guiding electromagnetic waves therethrough. A first conductive circuit layer is fabricated within the conductive cavity and is electrically connected thereto. A second conductive signal layer is fabricated within the conductive cavity and is isolated from the conductive cavity and the first conductive signal layer. A plurality of dielectric layers are provided which suspend the first and second conductive signal layers within the conductive cavity. The second conductive signal layer and the conductive cavity thereby allow for signal transitions therebetween. The first and second conductive signal layers and dielectric material are integrally fabricated on top of a removable material which is subsequently removed.

Abstract: A low noise block feedhorn system includes a waveguide antenna for receiving RF signals. The transition element is a waveguide to coaxial line probe assembly which includes a high conductivity probe and a low loss dielectric sleeve. The dielectric sleeve has a ring spacer at its top and probe spacer at the bottom to provide an air gap between the dielectric sleeve and the probe. The dielectric sleeve concentrates the RF field next to the probe and the air gap reduces the field intensity of the probe surface. Thus, a proper impedance match between the waveguide and the probe with less conducting losses is provided. A low noise block downconverter has its preamplifier connected by its input impedance matching network to the coaxial cable. By replacing the coaxial cable with a coaxial transformer as a second transition element the network can be eliminated and the preamplifier connected directly to the coaxial transformer for a further improvement in loss.

Abstract: A planar balun including first and second spaced parallel elongated conductors on one surface of a ceramic, plastic, polymer, synthetic fiber or a composite substrate and a third elongated conductor on a second surface of the substrate opposite from the first and second conductors. The spacing from an outer edge of each of the first and second conductors to an outer edge of the third conductor being greater than the thickness of the ceramic substrate, and the spacing between the two parallel elongated conductors being greater than ##EQU1## The substrate is mounted on a metallic support plate which provides a ground plane spaced from the third conductor by a distance t2 in an atmosphere comprising air with the distance t2 being greater than ##EQU2## An input of the balun is at one end of the first and second conductors and an output of the balun is at the other end of the first and second conductors.

Abstract: A wideband transmission line balun divides an input signal equally between a single-conductor transmission line and a polarity reversing, two-conductor transmission line thereby providing balanced signals at the transmission line outputs. Simple printed circuit and shielded structures include a ferrite core interactive with the two-conductor transmission line for parasitic mode suppression.

Abstract: A microwave circuit includes a concentric-circle-like prominence (7) formed on a contact surface which is on the side of a metal body (3) serving as an external conductor of a coaxial line and which connects a conductor strip (1) of an MSL formed on a dielectric substrate (2) to an internal conductor of the coaxial line through a through-hole (9) extending from a ground plane (11) of the MSL through the dielectric substrate (2). The construction involves no mismatched portion and can prevent a loss and deterioration in VSWR in the coaxial-line/MSL conversion section, thereby making it possible to obtain satisfactory characteristics.

Abstract: A broadband transition between microstrip transmission line and slotline transmission line. The geometry of integrating the two transmission lines results in a broadband microstrip shunt circuit across the slotline, and a broadband slotline open circuit in the direction opposite of propagation on the slotline. This produces direct coupling between the two transmission lines. The transition does not require any intermediate transmission line types between the microstrip and slotline, and no frequency dependent tuning stubs are used to produce the shunt circuits and open circuits required for coupling. The result is a broadband transition which can be fabricated using standard etching techniques and requiring no plated through holes.

Abstract: A converter for converting circularly polarized waves in a round waveguide into linearly polarized waves in a rectangular waveguide has two probes and a transmission line pattern all of which are formed of metal foil on a thin dielectric film board. The board is flexible and extends across the open ends of the two waveguides. The first probe has a square shape and the transmission line has two conductor arms connected to adjacent sides of the square. The other ends of the conductor arms are connected to the second probe with an impedance matching resistor formed on the film board between the two arms. One conductor arm is one-quarter wavelength longer than the other to convert from circularly polarized waveguide transmission to microstrip transmission.

Abstract: A waveguide adaptor or transition for interfacing a microwave waveguide to a coplanar transmission line or electronic device is disclosed. The adaptor includes a waveguide section having an integral coplanar transmission line formed in a longitudinal slot in a top wall thereof. A metallic fin is disposed in the waveguide which extends into the slot. The transmission line is coplanar because the edges of the slot on either side of the fin both act as ground planes. A tapered portion of the fin gradually rises from the bottom surface of the waveguide into the slot which acts as an impedance matching structure between the waveguide and the transmission line. Numerous circuit elements can be connected to the transmission line so that the adaptor can be used to fabricate oscillators, amplifiers, filters and other devices. In particular, a Gunn oscillator formed with the adaptor is disclosed.

Abstract: A transmission line structure operates as a transformer and includes at least two intertwined serpentine planar transmission lines positioned on a substrate with the lines repeatedly crossing each other with said areas of crossing including an airbridge or other structure which physically isolates one line from the other.