Abstract: A drying section apparatus is disclosed for drying a web of paper. The apparatus includes a size press for applying size to at least one side of the web. A single tier dryer is disposed downstream relative to the size press for drying the web. The single tier dryer includes a plurality of dryer cylinders and a plurality of vacuum rolls. Each of the vacuum rolls is disposed between adjacent dryer cylinders of the plurality of dryer cylinders. A dryer felt extends around at least one of the dryer cylinders. The arrangement is such that at least one of the dryer cylinders is top felted for permitting downward removal of broke. An air cap is disposed above at least one of the dryer cylinders for blowing air through the felt for drying the web disposed between the dryer cylinder and the felt. The arrangement is such that both sides of the web are dried during passage of the web through the single tier dryer.

Abstract: A web to be heat-treated bears against a rotary cylinder containing a stationary complement of IR burner modules in an assembly that is axially removable from the cylinder. The IR burner complement extends all along--but only partway around--the cylinder, leaving an arcuate gap. An exhaust manifold in the gap has a configuration that precludes localized accumulation of high-temperature exhaust. The cylinder is heated primarily by radiant transfer from the IR burner modules and from heat shields, which fill any arcuate spaces not occupied by either the exhaust manifold or the IR burners. The arcuate extent of the IR burners is proportioned for developing prescribed heat output when the air/fuel mixture is supplied at maximum rate. The cylinder heat output may be reduced over a wide range, notably when the cylinder speed is adjusted during start-up and slow-down of operations. The IR burner modules heat annular bands around the cylinder to develop a temperature profile along the cylinder, i.e., across the web.

Abstract: An arrangement for a drying cylinder in a paper/board machine including a steam, condensate and/or water coupling. The coupling includes a steam pipe through which steam is passed into an interior of the drying cylinder, a condensate pipe through which condensate is removed from the interior of the drying cylinder, a unitary coupling frame arranged in connection with an end of the cylinder and including an exhaust connection coupled to the condensate pipe, an annular groove arranged in a face of the coupling frame facing toward the drying cylinder, and at least one spring socket opening into the annular groove, the arrangement also includes a revolving axle arranged at one end of the drying cylinder through which the steam and condensate pipes are passed, a bearing housing for rotatably supporting the axle, a piston arranged in the annular groove of the coupling frame, and at least one spring arranged in a respective spring socket of the coupling frame to press the piston against a portion of the axle.

Abstract: Machine for manufacturing a material sheet and method of guiding the material sheet through the machine. The machine may include a dryer section including at least one dryer group having a plurality of dryer cylinders. Centers of a first plurality of the plurality of dryer cylinders may be arranged on an upper level and centers of a second plurality of the plurality of dryer cylinders may be arranged on a lower level spaced a distance from the upper level. A top felt may be associated with at least one of the first plurality of dryer cylinders and a bottom felt associated with at least one of the second plurality of dryer cylinders. The machine may also include a meandering run path for the material sheet through the at least one dryer group, the material sheet being guided in the meandering run path by the top and bottom felts, and at least one transition area between the plurality of dryer cylinders.

Abstract: In the device disclosed, a paper web is carried on a belt and stabilized by an underpressure produced by a box opposite the roll, the paper web being sucked by the underpressure against the belt. Located in the box, immediately following the underpressure zone, may be a pressure zone which assists to transfer the paper web to the roll. In an alternative embodiment, a fan can be avoided. Instead the air entrained by the rapidly running belt is deflected by a wedge-shaped deflector and passed over a slit to generate an underpressure inside the box.

Abstract: Machine for producing a material web, e.g., paper or cardboard, that may include a dryer section with at least one dryer group and the at least one dryer group may have at least one dryer cylinder, a dryer screen, and a metal belt. The machine may also include a cooling device associated with the metal belt. The material web, the dryer screen and the metal belt may be guided in a meandering path around an outside of the at least one dryer cylinder, and the dryer screen may be positioned between the material web and the metal belt. Further, at least one of the metal belt and the dryer screen may be intensely prestressed.

Abstract: A steam heated web processing roll includes a fully enclosed steam and condensate flow-through system which maintains the roll end walls at approximately the same operating temperature as the functional cylindrical outer roll shell at normal rotational speeds. The closed loop system also assists in purging non-condensible gases from the steam path. At low roll speeds or when the roll is stopped, a valving system closes all of the condensate return paths except one or more of the lowermost paths from which condensate pooling in a sump at the bottom of the roll is withdrawn. This prevents undesirable cooling of the lower portion of the roll as compared to the remaining portion, thereby reducing the possibility of bowing of the roll by thermal distortion.

Abstract: An arrangement for guiding a web of material, e.g., a pulp web or paper web, within a web production machine may include at least one web stabilizer extending substantially across an entire width of the web of material. The arrangement may also include at least one blower box located on at least one side of the web stabilizer and positioned in the vicinity of a lateral edge of the paper web. The blower box may be positioned to provide a negative pressure that substantially reduces web fluttering and the occurrence of web breaks due to fluttering.

Abstract: An arrangement in an apparatus for drying a fiber web, in which apparatus the fiber web (5) is dried between two tight bands (1, 2) moving in the same direction and turning around turning rolls (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b). The first band (1) is heated by means of a pressure chamber (9) and the second band (2) is cooled by means of a water chamber (10). The fiber web (5) is led together with at least one felt or wire (3, 4) through a drying zone formed by the bands (1, 2) in such a way that the fiber web is in contact with the surface of the first band (1) and the felt or wire (3, 4) is between the fiber web (5) and the second band (2). The arrangement comprises means for supporting the wire or wires (3, 4) in such a way that the fiber web (5) is exposed to a compression pressure by the effect of the wire or wires (3, 4) substantially immediately upon coming into contact with the first band.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are indicated for a paper-making machine, for delivering liquid from a first level in a first space, through a line into a second space on a second, higher level, under the action of a difference in the gas pressures over the liquid in the first space and in the second space. A throttle valve in the line is controlled, to regulate the fluid flow, in such a way that the throttle valve is at least partly closed when the gas flow through the line rises, and is opened when there is little gas flow through the line. This guarantees continuous delivery of liquid, stable flow conditions prevail, and a delivery that is largely free of pulsation is achieved with a low proportion of gas (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A dryer group for drying a paper web moving in a running direction through a paper-making machine includes and upper tier and a lower tier. The upper tier and lower tier each include a plurality of rotatable cylinders for carrying the paper web. Each of the cylinders has an inner chamber. The plurality of cylinders for the upper tier and the lower tier each include at least two drying cylinders and at least one cooling cylinder. The at least one cooling cylinder is disposed downstream from the at least two drying cylinders, relative to the running direction of the paper web. The upper tier and lower tier also each include a plurality of carrier rolls, with each carrier roll being disposed adjacent to a pair of corresponding cylinders. An upper felt and lower felt are alternately carried by each of the cylinders and each of the carrier rolls of the upper and lower tiers, respectively.

Abstract: Device for producing a material web in a dryer part that includes at least one dryer section having a plurality of cylinders including heated cylinders and cooled cylinders. The device may also include a porous dryer screen and a metal belt that may be guided with the material web in a meandering path alternatingly around the heated and cooled cylinders. At least one of the metal belt and the dryer screen being highly prestressed and the device may also include at least one of a heating installation and a cooling installation assigned to act on an area of a circumference of the plurality of cylinders in which the material web may be supported by the dryer screen and the metal belt.

Abstract: A drying section for a paper making machine. The drying section includes a plurality of single-tier dryer groups, optionally followed by one or more double-tier groups. To control curl in the final paper product, a moistening device extending over the width of the drying section is provided near the end of the single-tier dryer groups. The moistening device can be divided into various zones to control the profile of the paper. Alternatively, or in addition to the moistening device, a contact-less dryer such as a infrared dryer can be provided after the dryer section, upstream of a calendar section of the paper making machine. The moistening device can be provided to moisten the bottom or, optionally, the top side of the paper web. Where a double-tier dryer group is provided, to control curl the upper drying cylinders and the lower cylinders can be provided with different steam pressures to control curl. Alternatively, each of the cylinders can be individually controlled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam blower box for the application of steam onto a material web passing by, for example onto a paper web that is to be dewatered and is passing through the press section of a paper-manufacturing machine. The steam blower box extends, transverse to the web travel direction, over the entire web width and comprises a plurality of zone chambers, that are arranged side by side over the web width and are covered by a perforated steam exit panel. Each zone chamber is connected to a steam source via a control valve of its own. The steam exit panel can be removed for purposes of cleaning the zone chambers. Each of the zone chambers comprises a perforated panel insert which is likewise removable.

Abstract: An apparatus for the application of steam onto a paper web has a steam blower box with numerous zone chambers arranged side by side over the web width. The steam blower box is displaceable so that the spacing between it and the web path is adjustable. A steam supply line extends from each zone chamber in the longitudinal direction through the interior of the steam blower box, and from there outward to a support plate. There the clearance between adjacent steam lines is substantially greater than in the interior of the steam blower box. A steam control valve, that is connected via a flexible line to the support plate, is provided for each zone chamber laterally outside the paper-making machine.

Abstract: A rotary drying drum for a moving web includes a stationary heater drum positioned coaxially within the drying drum such that the drying drum rotates around the heater drum. The heater drum may be supplied with steam via a hollow drying drum shaft without the use of high pressure steam joints. Heat from the interior heater drum is transferred to the rotary drying drum wall by a thin layer of suitable heat exchange fluid confined to the annular space between the coaxial drum walls. A low melting point bismuth/lead/tin alloy is the preferred heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: A steam blast box for applying steam to a web of paper conducted over a roll of a paper machine. The box has a closed steam blast chamber which extends along the roll transverse to the direction of travel of the web and to which steam can be fed. The front wall of the box, which faces the roll, has a plurality of steam outlet openings. A steam propagation space is formed between the front wall of the steam blast box and the roll. For controlling the temperature and/or for regulating the amount of heat transferred to the web of paper in the steam propagation space, an air outlet channel, which extends transverse to the direction of travel of the web and is located at the web inlet end of the steam propagation space, is provided for the admixing of air in the steam. In this way, sensitive separate, zone-wise control of the heating of the paper web can be obtained. The steam propagation space can be cooled zone-wise by feeding air on the inlet side.

Abstract: A drying section of a paper machine includes a plurality of individual drying groups, wherein the drying cylinders of a drying group are served by 2 respective dryer wire or felt that passes over drying cylinders of the drying group and presses a web to be dried against the surface of the drying cylinders. The invention is adapted for either single tier or double tier drying groups. At least one press roll is disposed between and separates two of the drying groups. In one embodiment, the at least one press roll forms a nip with the adjacent drying cylinder, either upstream or downstream, to define a dewatering nip through which the web passes. A dewatering belt passes over the press roll in the nip. The wire for a respective drying group is guided away from the dewatering nip so that only the web and the dewatering belt pass through the press nip. In alternate embodiments, two press rolls may be disposed between the adjacent drying groups, and the two press rolls define a press nip between them.

Abstract: A method and device for contact drying a paper web, wherein the paper web is dried initially in a number of successive groups with single-wire draw by pressing the paper web via drying wires of each groups against the heated faces of the drying cylinders and by guiding the paper web on support of the same drying wire from one drying cylinder onto the next drying cylinder over the reversing suction cylinders or rolls in each group with single-wire draw. In the groups with single-wire draw, the paper web is dried to a first dry solids content, after which the paper web is dried directly further by a single group with twin-wire draw to a second dry solids content, after which the paper web is dried further to its final dry solids content by a single normal group with single-wire draw. The limits of the first and second dry solids contents are selected so that, in the middle or in the beginning of the range, the tear strength index and the breaking strength index of the web are at their maximum.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for drying a fibre web (5) between two air-tight bands (1, 2) moving in the same direction. One band (1) is heated by hot steam and the other band (2) is cooled by water, and the fibre web (5) is passed through a drying zone formed by the bands (1, 2) with at least one felt or wire (3, 4) so that the fibre web (5) is in contact with the surface of the heated band, and the felt or wire (3, 4) is between the fibre web (5) and the cooled band (2). In the invention the drying zone and the water chamber (14) cooling the lower band (2) are in communication with each other for controlling the pressure difference between them by a simple connection, such as a pipe (25) opening at a suitable height.

Abstract: A processing roll adapted to engage paper or the like to heat and/or shape the same. The roll has a cylindrical side wall and defines a interior condensing chamber for steam. The interior surface of the roll is formed with longitudinal grooves which slope away from the longitudinal axis toward a central location. The steam condensates in the chamber, collects in the grooves, and flows toward a center location where the condensate is siphoned out and removed from the chamber. Improved heat transfer is achieved, and greater uniformity of heat is accomplished at the outside surface.

Abstract: A drying section of a papermaking machine includes several drying groups with at least one drying screen each. At the end of one drying group and/or at the beginning of the next following drying group, a finishing roller is utilized. A finishing nip is formed between one of two finishing rollers and a finishing roller and a drying cylinder of an adjacent drying group. Only the paper web is conveyed through the finishing nip.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a device for evacuating condensate from a rotary, steam-heated drying cylinder or the like, in particular the drying cylinder of a paper machine, having a plurality of grooves provided at the inner wall in the circumferential direction of the cylinder jacket, and a condensate evacuation pipe which may be associated with the grooves and which supplies the condensate produced to a collector and then to a condensate discharge pipe. The condensate evacuation pipes are fixed in the area of the associated grooves at a predetermined distance from the bottom of the grooves. A flexible connection element functionally connects the condensate evacuation pipes to the collector.

Abstract: A method and device for the continuous transport of a liquid-gas mixture from an inlet reservoir having a first liquid level to a discharge chamber having a second liquid level includes a suction tube connecting the inlet reservoir and the discharge chamber, a gas separator disposed in the suction tube, and a conduit through which a gas passes to the second liquid level.

Abstract: A method and device in the drying of paper, especially of fine paper or newsprint is disclosed. A paper web to be dried is passed over a mantle face of a large-diameter flow-through cylinder. On the flow-through cylinder, a set of drying-gas jets is applied to the free outer face of the web through a nozzle arrangement. Water is evaporated outward from the outer part of the web by means of the set of drying-gas jets. The water vapor thus evaporated is removed through spaces in the blowing-on hood. By means of the set of drying-gas jets, the interior of the web to be dried is also heated. The mantle face of the flow-through cylinder is cooled by means of a medium flow. Water that has been vaporized out of the web and that has been condensed onto the cooled faces is sucked by means of negative pressure present in the interior of the flow-through cylinder.

Abstract: An elevation part (10) added under the nozzle (11) of a condensate pick-up shoe in a steam cylinder (4), by which part a desired liquid level can be produced in the cylinder.

Abstract: Heat protection hood for heated rolls (1) in particular for rapidly running rolls (1) in paper machines which are partly surrounded by the heat protection hood. In this arrangement an outer screen (7) is arranged partly around the roll (1) and is concentric to it. The outer screen (7) and a likewise concentrically extending partition screen (4) present between it and the roll (1) form an inner gap (5) and an outer gap (6). Respective deflection zones (9) for the air flow drawn along by the roll (1) in the inner gap (5) adjoin each of the ends of the partition screen (4). Deflecting units (10, 11) are provided there so as to deflect the recirculating air flow around the ends of the partition screen (4). The invention is intended to substantially reduce heat losses through radiation and convection and offers the possibility of influencing the axial temperature profile of the roll (1).

Abstract: Cylinder for rubber mixing mill, consisting of a hollow cylinder 1 and two flange-journals 2, 3 and driven by a hydraulic motor 21 with a hollow shaft. The hollow cylinder has longitudinal channels 4 provided with solid rods 8 fastened in the two flanges. The temperature regulation of the cylinder is provided by a crossed dual circuit. The temperature regulating fluid circulates in longitudinal channels 4 then cools the inner wall 19 of the hollow cylinder before being evacuated along the axis of the cylinder.

Abstract: A hollow shaft bearing for a drying cylinder of a paper machine. The hollow shaft bearing is provided with thermal insulation between the interior of the hollow shaft and the surface of the journal on which a bearing is supported. The insulation is formed by a coaxial annular space formed between the inside wall of the hollow shaft and the outside wall of the hollow shaft which supports the bearing.

Abstract: A low differential pressure rotary syphon for the purpose of removing condensate from the interior of steam a heated dryer drum under low differential pressure conditions. The reduction in the magnitude of differential pressure required to remove the condensate is accomplished through the direct introduction of steam into a central plenum area receiving condensate thereby reducing the mass density of the condensate mixture. The reduction in mass density and the steam introduced acting directly on the condensate within the central plenum area facilitates the removal of the condensate from the drying drum interior.

Abstract: A condensate suction pipe rotating with the drying cylinder extends from the area of the axis of rotation of the drying cylinder toward the inside surface of the cylinder shell, and has there a suction opening for the intake of condensate mixed with steam. A steam blowing line originating from the cylinder interior empties in the area of the suction opening into the interior of the condensate suction pipe. The steam blowing line is fashioned as an annular channel defined by the radially outer (relative to the cylinder axis) area of the condensate suction pipe and by an outside pipe surrounding the condensate suction pipe.

Abstract: The perimeter and height of an inlet gap to a dryer syphon shoe (for a steam heated dryer drum) are selected to provide an area which at maximum design condensate flow rate accommodates both condensate and steam flows and in proportions and at speeds that will ensure distributed flow of the steam and condensate while maintaining efficient dryer operation. A plate is positioned inside of the shoe and combines with an inside wall of the shoe to define a transition passage leading from the gap wherein flow is axial of the drum to the condensate return pipe where flow is substantially radial of the drum. The transition passage has a cross sectional area measured substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow that is substantially equal to or less than the area of the inlet gap, provides a smooth transition for the flow between the gap and the condensate return pipe and insures distributed flow through the syphon.

Abstract: A method for contact-free drying of a paper or board web or of any other corresponding continuous web. During drying, both infrared radiation and drying air jets are used. The web is carried by the air jets through the dryer free of contact. The moving web is first passed into an infrared drying gap, in which a drying energy pulse of relatively short duration is directed at the web, the power of the energy pulse being substantially higher than the average drying power of the dryer per unit of area. After the infrared drying gap, the web is immediately passed into an airborne web drying gap wherein the web is supported and dried by means of air jets. Air is brought into the infrared unit, which air having been heated in the infrared unit is passed as replacement air and/or drying air for the airborne web drying unit or units placed after the infrared unit.

Abstract: Superheated steam is applied directly to the surface of a web of paper or the like to significantly increase at least the surface temperature of the web impinged by the superheated steam thereby to significantly heat the paper. The web, after steam treatment, is immediately passed into a nip. The steam applicator is maintained at a temperature above 100.degree. C. to insure that condensation problems are substantially avoided and most if not all the steam condensed in the web. An applicator for superheated steam comprises a heated chamber having a steam inlet and apertures through which steam is directed from the chamber toward a travelling web, the chamber is heated to a temperature to ensure that the steam leaving the chamber through the apertures has the desired degree of super heat, i.e. moisture to heat content to raise the temperature of the web without undue amount of condensation forming on the equipment.

Abstract: Device for removal of condensate from a revolving steam heated drying cylinder or the like. A condensate standpipe rotates with the drying cylinder and features a suction mouthpiece with a suction opening forming an inlet group with the inside wall of the cylinder shell. There is provided, in the area of the suction mouthpiece, at least one guide device which imparts to the steam/condensate mixture entering the condensate standpipe a rotation about the standpipe axis. This guide device enables a reduction of the amount of steam required for dewatering of a drying cylinder. The device is preferably used in dewatering the drying cylinders of a paper machine.

Abstract: On the cooling roll with outer roll shell 7 and inner, preforated roll shell 8 of an inner body 6, the inner body features endways and centrally at least one distributing component 22. Extending through this distributing component are channels 19 that are parallel with the roll axis, for one, and interposed radial channels 28 which, for one, serve the connection of an endwise space 14 that is located between an axial end of the inner body and the hollow roll end with one of the coaxial supply or drain channels of the journal 20 and, for another, serve the connection of the interior space 3 of the inner body 6 with one of the other coaxial supply and drain channels 25, 26 or vice versa.

Abstract: The invention is a fluid heated drum especially well adapted for use with a drum press in which high press roll nip loading and high heat flux to a pressed web are both encountered. A press of this type is disclosed in detail. However, the drum is more broadly useful in any application combining heavy mechanical drum loading and high heat flux through the drum surface. The drum is constructed with a thin outer shell spaced radially apart from an inner cylindrical body. Radial supports provide load bearing connections between the two. The annulus between the shell and inner body may be arranged in various patterns as a conduit for the flow of heating fluid. By using a thin outer shell which does not have to sustain high bending stresses a high rate of heat transfer is permitted. The outer shell may be made of copper or other high thermal flux but lower strength metal to obtain additional heat transfer advantages.

Abstract: A system to maintain the BTU output of a rotary drum, in which steam is supplied to the drum, and in which saturated steam and condensate is drained therefrom. An upstream flow meter and a downstream flow meter measure fluid flow, and in view of the small partial pressure of the condensate and of the large volumetric difference between the condensate and the steam which was condensed, the difference between the flow meter readings can be understood as a measure of BTU's provided as a consequence of the condensation which occurs in the drum.

Abstract: A device for condensate removal from a steam-heated rotatable drying cylinder having a condensate suction pipe rotating with the drying cylinder and featuring a suction mouthpiece on the inside surface of the cylinder shell. A steam blowing line extends from the area of the axis of rotation of the drying cylinder into the interior of the suction mouthpiece. The mouth of the steam blowing line located there is arranged a maximally short distance from the inside surface of the cylinder shell and is directed and/or aligned on the condensate suction pipe.

Abstract: A hollow journal extending from a dryer drum is provided with an internal tube defining an angular insulating space between the inner wall of the hollow journal and the tube. This space is sealed at the inner end adjacent to dryer drum and is vented at the opposite end so that the insulating space is vented to atmosphere thereby provide a simple mounting system for mounting the fluid transfer passages through the dryer drum head and journal structure that better insulates the journal from the tube.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling the differential pressure between steam inlet and outlet lines of a web dryer and includes a selectively controllable outlet valve disposed in the outlet line for selectively controlling the flow of blow-through steam, condensate and non-condensible gases out of the dryer. A dryer speed sensor generates a first control signal and a condensing rate sensor senses the rate at which a layer of condensate builds up within the dryer. The condensate rate sensor generates a second control signal. A control device is operably connected to an outlet valve actuator for selectively energizing the actuator in response to the first and second control signals. The control device compares the signals to determine the optimum relative setting of the outlet valve so that flooding of the dryer with condensate is inhibited while the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet lines is maintained as low as possible.

Abstract: A drying cylinder (A) is mounted for rotation about its central axis (44). A burner assembly (B) oxidizes fuel interior to the shell, generally along the central axis. A recirculating fan (C) urges the hot combustion gases from the burner into a nozzle box assembly (D). The nozzle box assembly includes a plurality of peripherally spaced, longitudinally extending boxes (80) which have an array of nozzles (82) therein. The nozzles direct jets of hot combustion gases against an interior surface of a cylindrical dryer shell (30) for transferring heat thereto. Hot combustion gases which have impinged upon the shell are recirculated through passages (84) and are in part reheated by the burner and in part discharged through an exhaust aperture (90) and an exhaust duct (92). In one embodiment, the direct fired dryer is mounted in one of the dryer sections of a Fourdrinier paper production line.

Abstract: A siphon tube assembly for papermaking dryer drums having a threaded rotary elbow connection between support and siphon tubes permitting the tubes to be selectively oriented by rotation of the elbow connection between an installation position wherein the tubes are in general alignment and an operative position wherein the tubes are angularly related. In a preferred embodiment, the siphon tube is braced in rigid engagement with the interior of the dryer drum for use as a rotating siphon, it being also contemplated that the present elbow joint may be embodied in stationary siphons. The elbow joint provides an operating keyway accessible through the interior of the support tube for manipulating rotation of the elbow joint without requiring the use of handholes or manholes in the dryer durm.

Abstract: A condensate agitator is provided for use in paper machine dryer cylinders. The agitator comprises a generally cylindrical open-work body which overlies portions of the interior surface of the dryer cylinder with its outer surface lying in flush engagement therewith. A modular agitator construction is also disclosed for facilitating installation of the agitator in a dryer cylinder without requiring the use of fasteners in accordance with a method for that installation which is also disclosed.

Abstract: A drying cylinder, which can be steam heated, has the following features: The cylinder shell has on its internal surface circumferential grooves in which condensate from the steam collects; to remove the condensate from the drying cylinder there is provided at least one condensate collection pipe, extending at right angles over the circumferential grooves, to which several suction pipes extending into the grooves are connected; in the direction of the flow of the condensate, in front of the inlet region of each individual suction pipe, there is provided a condensate conveying element which has a guide surface parallel to the bottom of the circumferential groove; the guide surface always lies between the bottom of the circumferential groove and the inlet end of the suction pipe.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with straight tubes for convenient cleaning and repair is constructed with superior heat exchange capabilities. The heat exchanger has an outer shell with a fluid entry and exit and end plates which support one or more tubes with a fluid entry and fluid exit for each tube, the tubes having both an internal turbulence inducing structure and an external fin structure with periodic baffles for maximizing the heat exchange surface area and the contact of the exchange fluids with the exchange area.

Abstract: The chill rolls of the cooling section are hollow, open-ended rolls. Spray nozzles in each roll spray water on the instantaneously upper half of the interior periphery and a fan blows air through the roll to effect evaporative cooling. Three different arrangements of the spray nozzles are disclosed for always directing spray to only the upper half of each chill roll.

Abstract: A vapor heated roll used to heat material that spirally travels along the length of the roll has a vapor chamber that tapers from each end toward a specified location intermediate the ends to provide a chamber having an increasingly greater cross section from each end of the chamber to the specified location. A means for removal of condensate from the chamber is positioned at the location of largest diameter. The distance of the location for condensate removal from the point at which material enters upon the roll surface is calculated to provide maximum heating efficiency.

Abstract: The outer side surface of the drying cylinder (1) is delimited by a plurality of coaxial rims (2) having the same radius, arranged side by side and separated two by two by an axial space (7), and made of a good heat-conducting material. Each rim (2) is heated and cooled independently from the others by a heating member (8) and a cooling member (11) housed into a subrim (3) surrounding by the rim (2). The heating is provided for example by an electric resistance and the cooling by circulation of cold water, the control being provided by means of remote controlled relays (10). Each rim (2) is rotationally integral with a hub (5) wedged to a drive shaft (6). A comb (26) having teeth (27) engaged into the spaces (7) avoids the winding of material around the cylinder (1) which is in depression conditions in order to favor the heat exchanges by suction of the material against the cylinder (1). Applications to the equipment of dry ends and post dry ends of paper-, cardboard- or other web material machines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and a device for drying a paper web or the like, in which method a web (8) and a wire or felt (9) supporting it are subjected to a deairing treatment. The wet web (8) and the wire or felt (9) thus deaired the thereafter passed between two displaceable airtight surfaces of high heat conducting properties, between which surfaces the web (8) is enclosed in the drying zone over the whole width thereof. The surface making contact with the web (8) is heated and the surface making contact with the wire or felt (9) is cooled by liquid in order to condense the water evaporated from the web (8) into the wire or felt (9). The wire or felt (9) is separated from the dried web (8) after said surfaces and the water condensated is removed therefrom. In a drying process the surface making contact with the wire or felt (9) is formed by the outer surface of a cooled rotating metal cylinder (2).