Abstract: A waste heat boiler is used to provide hot air to the drying hood of a Yankee dryer and to provide steam to the inside of the Yankee drying cylinder.

Abstract: A rotary siphon in the steam-filled internal chamber of the rotating cylindrical shell in a paper or cardboard machine dryer has a hollow conical housing which defines with the internal surface of the shell an annular suction gap and spacedly surrounds a conical insert whose base abuts against the internal surface of the shell. The housing and the insert define an annular channel whose radially outermost portion communicates with the gap and whose radially innermost portion communicates with the interior of a condensate evacuating conduit. The condensate accumulates along the internal surface of the shell and is compelled to flow radially inwardly by way of the gap and channel and into the conduit due to the establishment of a pressure differential between the channel and the internal chamber of the shell.

Abstract: A steam heated dryer of the hollow rotary drum type employed to dry paper webs of indefinite length. The steam condensate (water) is continuously removed from the lower interior portion of the drum by a siphon-like tube, the horizontal part of the condensate removal tube is stationary with respect to the rotating drum and its separate, angled input end spaced from the drum interior wall. The input end executes limited angular motion, so as to follow the mass of the condensate which rises slightly up the sides of the drum upon drum rotation. A bellows expansion joint is carried by the condensate removal tube. The condensate removal tube is supported by one or more spider supports, the spider supports formed of a heat resistant elastomer or resin, the spider support carrying a self-lubricating bearing ring which receives the condensate tube. Damage due to vibration is reduced.

Abstract: Apparatus for increasing the turbulence of a condensate layer formed on the inner surface of a mantle of a drying cylinder for use in the drying seciton of a paper machine to improve its heat transfer characteristics include a plurality of turbulence ribs atached to the inner mantle surface by a plurality of attachment bands, each attachment band being constituted by an assembly of at least three band parts. Spring devices are associated with pairs of adjacent free ends of the band parts of each attachment band to urge the adjacent free ends away from each other. The spring devices are tensioned by tensioning devices and the turbulence ribs are attached to the bands, which are preferably evenly space throughout the axial length of the mantle, by corresponding projections and cavities.

Abstract: A dryer for uniformly drying a continuous textile fabric comprises a housing for defining a drying chamber, a plurality of guide rolls for the fabric, located in the drying chamber so as to form a zigzag path for moving the fabric, and a plurality of heat-radiating plates. Each plate is located between the sequent guide rolls so as to face the fabric moving path. Each guide roll has a hollow formed therein and connected through a conduit to a water tank located outside of the housing at a level above that of the guide roll.

Abstract: A drying cylinder adapted to receive steam therein includes a cylindrical cylinder jacket and two end covers. There is a flange connection between the jacket and the covers. The jacket has a rectangular cross-section flange. The covers have an L-shaped flange which receives the end flange of the cover. The covers are concave to the outside of the cylinder. The point of intersection of a curved line through the cover and of the axial center line of the axial arm of the cover flange lies at a distance from the outer face of the flange of the end cover that is at most about 60% of the axial length of the axial arm of that flange. There is thermal insulation on the axially exterior side of each cover.

Abstract: A rotary dryer for the drying of a moving web of material has a thin-walled shell with lateral heads and bearing journal at each end, and is heated internally with steam. For the discharge of condensate and flash steam a low-pressure syphon rotating with the shell is provided, consisting of syphon shoe, standpipe and outlet pipe. To keep the differential pressure required for the discharge of the mix of condensate plus flash steam as low as possible even in changing operating conditions the invention provides for the arrangement of an internal baffle in the center of the syphon shoe to convey the mix of condensate in flash steam and also to stabilize it. For this purpose the internal baffle may have as supplement also additional internal subdivision chambers. Furthermore, the invention also provides for the additional arrangement of steam jet nozzles.The rotary low-pressure syphon according to the invention (FIG.

Abstract: A fastener assembly for use with a high temperature heat transfer roll and is provided for joining a sheet of insulating material to the end of said roll by utilizing a protruding bolt head or the like. The fastener assembly comprises a cup-like body defining a cavity for receiving said bolt head and a quantity of adhesive material therewithin. A plurality of inwardly extending projections in said cup-like body cavity may be used to engage the bolt head substantially in an interference fit during setting of the adhesive material. A plurality of through apertures in the cup-like body permit release of any excess quantity of adhesive material therefrom. A shaft portion is formed integral with and projects axially outwardly from the cup-like body and away from the bolt head and is of sufficient axial extent to project through the sheet of insulating material. An enlarged head is carried on an axially outermost end of the shaft portion.

Abstract: An arrangement for manufacturing or treating a web material comprises a rotary hollow roll having a hollow jacket which has an axis, a central region around which a web material moves, and two axial end regions which are free from the web material, two bearing pins each supporting said jacket in a respective one of said end regions, at least one of which bearing pins has a passage for a heat-carrying fluid, a displacing member located inside the jacket and extending concentrically to and over the greater part of the jacket so as to form an annular gap between the displacing member and the jacket and communicating with the passage for heat-carrying fluid to supply the latter, and a heat-insulating element arranged at an inner side of each of the end regions of the jacket for reducing heat transfer from the heat-carrying fluid to the jacket.

Abstract: A relatively stationary pipe or conduit, for the removal of a condensate or liquid from the interior of a steam heated rotatable drying drum or cylinder assembly and adapted for connection to a source of relatively low or sub-atmospheric pressure, has an inner end portion, disposed within the drum or cylinder assembly, which is provided with an inlet opening or port disposed in juxtaposition and close proximity to an inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder assembly; the inlet opening has a generally rearwardly situated wall which is substantially inclined as with respect to a radial plane of the cylinder assembly as to provide for enhanced transitional flow of the condensate from the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder assembly to the condensate-removing pipe or conduit.

Abstract: A supply of steam is fed to a drying cylinder (10) from a steam line (20) through a steam pressure control valve (22). Condensate and steam are removed from the drying cylinder to a separator (32). The pressure of the removed steam is controlled by a steam pressure control valve (36) and the rate of condensate removal is monitored by a condensate removal monitor (48). A computer controller (16) adjusts the steam feed and removal pressure control valves to maintain the smallest differential pressure therebetween which will maintain the condensate removal rate substantially constant. The computer controller sets an initial pressure differential during an initializing step (50). In a first pressure differential adjustment step (52), the computer decreases the pressured differential in first increments until the condensate removal rate begins to decrease. In response to the decrease, the first pressure differential adjusting step increases the pressure differential by the first increment.

Abstract: A mechanism for drying a traveling web such as employing a steam heated dryer drum in a papermaking machine with the drum being supported on end bearings in journals in a frame and a rigid condensate removal tube extending through one of the journals with its inner end adjacent the inner surface of the drum and the drum having a rotary steam seal through which the tube passes with a pivotal mount for the rigid tube and a micrometer adjustment which adjusts the pivotal position of the tube so that the inner end of the tube being cantileverly supported can be adjusted accurately relative to the inner surface of the drum.

Abstract: A heat exchanging roller has an inner and an outer generally cylindrical casing with an annular space defined between them through which the heat exchanging medium passes. Sealing rings are disposed at the ends of the roller and bound the annular space. Sets of clamping mechanisms connect the sealing rings to the casing. Each clamping mechanism consists of two single conical lock washers, a double conical clamping ring and tightening screws which are threaded into associated boreholes in the sealing rings. The sealing rings are designed as centering rings of which the radial circumferential surfaces cooperate with the associated centering surfaces on the inner and outer casing. The circumferential surfaces each include at least one groove for receiving a resilient seal.

Abstract: A laundry ironing system, comprising a pre-drying cylinder and at least one mangle cylinder and trough unit, in which a flowable heat carrier medium in the form of live steam that circulates through the mangle cylinder and trough unit and then through the pre-drying cylinder is depressurized within the pre-drying cylinder to generate flash steam which precipitates on the internal surface of the pre-drying cylinder when condensing, thus heating the pre-drying cylinder. The present invention is also directed to such a method of heating the pre-drying cylinder, by collecting the flowable heat carrier medium in the form of live steam, and directing the medium inside the pre-drying cylinder where the heat carrier medium is depressurized, resulting in the formation of flash steam precipitating on the internal surface of the pre-drying cylinder. The heat carrier medium is then withdrawn from the pre-drying cylinder.

Abstract: An improved spoiler bar, for rotatable, steam heated cylindrical dryers, which comprises an assembly of magnets, non-magnetic flux conducting backing and base plates, and magnetic flux conducting rails constructed to position the magnets in spaced adjacency to the dryer drum whereby the installation of the assemblies is facilitated and their strength of adherence to the inner surface of the dryer drum is optimized.

Abstract: A steam heated cylindrical dryer drum for continuously drying a traveling paper web in a papermaking machine wherein steam is supplied to the inner cavity of the drum and the shell of the drum has a plurality of circumferential grooves with axially extending rectangular collectors and tubes projecting tangentially from the collectors of resiliently deflectable material biased outwardly toward the shell of the drum with positioning lugs on the free ends of the tubes resting on the ribs to fix their position in the base of the grooves.

Abstract: A method of continuous drying of a paper or other porous web by passing the web (3) by means of a drying felt or wire (4) between two moving, air-impermeable surface elements (1, 8) having good heat conducting properties, which elements enclose the web along its whole width. The surface element (1) contacting the web is heated and the surface element (8) contacting the wire is cooled for evaporating water present in the web and condensing the evaporated water into the felt or wire. The temperature of the liquid used for cooling the surface element to be cooled is maintained above 100.degree. C. and the pressure at least at such a level as to prevent the liquid from boiling. Thus, the drying of the web can be carried out at an elevated temperature and under an elevated pressure in a continuous process at production conditions for improving the web characteristics.Preferably the cooling liquid is maintained at different temperatures and/or under different pressures at separate steps of the cooling process.

Abstract: A steam dryer system for drying a moving web and including a primary series of rotatable drying drums, steam inlet conduits coupled to said rotatable drying drums for introducing steam thereinto, outlet conduits coupled to said rotatable drying drums for exhausting blow-through steam with noncondensible gases and condensate therefrom, recirculation means including a steam jet compressor to recirculate blow-through steam from said outlet conduits back to said inlet conduits, recirculation control means comprising instruments to measure velocity pressure of the recirculation flow and to control the action of said jet compressor, a further number of secondary drying drums having inlet conduits and a pressure control valve connected to the outlet of said jet compressor and with outlet conduits connected to a condenser, and pressure control means comprising instruments to measure and control the input pressure in said secondary drying drums.

Abstract: A steam heated dryer drum for use in a papermaking machine with the drum including a cylindrical rotary hollow drum shell and a structure for removing condensate from the steam from the shell including a conduit leading from inside to outside the shell and an improved structure for receiving the condensate with a siphon tip having a hollow chamber within and an opening facing the inner surface of the dryer shell and closely spaced thereto and a flange at the lead end of the siphon tip with an inclined ram surface and a wall across the center of the chamber in engagement with the inner surface of the shell.

Abstract: A steam heated drying cylinder for machines for making paper comprising a cylindrical shell having inner surfaces thereon. The cylindrical shell includes a center region of substantially uniform thickness, end flanges extending radially inwardly of the center region, and transition regions between the center region and end flanges. The transition regions have inner surfaces that taper radially outwardly from the end flanges toward the center region. An insulation layer is disposed on the inner surfaces of the transition regions so as to provide substantially uniform drying along the width of the paper being made.

Abstract: A steam heated dryer drum for use in a papermaking machine with the drum including a cylindrical rotary hollow drum shell and a structure for removing condensate formed from the steam within the shell including a conduit leading from inside to outside the shell and an improved shoe structure connected to the conduit extending axially along the inner surface of the drum with a leading and a trailing angled face and end walls resting on spacers to lift the leading face and form a condensate receiving gap and a chamber within the elongate shoe for receiving condensate passing under the edge of the faces.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a drying cylinder for a paper making machine. The drying cylinder is hollow and is circumferentially grooved along the length of its inner surface. A plurality of collector conduits extend axially along the casing. Suction pipes project from each collector into respective ones of the grooves for sucking condensate therefrom. A siphon pipe is connected to each collector for siphoning off the collected condensate. The siphon pipe is insulated to reduce the temperature differential between the interior and exterior thereof. The suction pipes are shaped and/or spaced so that the suction pipes are able to remove a greater amount of condensate from the grooves in the vicinity of the siphon pipe than from the grooves in the remainder of the length of the casing, for attaining more uniform drying performance by the drying cylinder across the width of the web.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for drying a moving web of textile fabric material as it passes over a series of closely adjacent rotating cylinders. Each cylinder has a pair of end portions and an intermediate portion. A heat insulating cap is mounted on each end portion to restrict the flow of heat energy therefrom.

Abstract: A hollow cylinder is provided on its interior surface with an annular array of a plurality of annularly spaced, longitudinal ridges. The ridges are held in place by at least one inner support disposed inside the cylinder. A respective longitudinally extending bar is disposed radially inwardly of each ridge and springs bias the bar radially inwardly. The bars engage the support ring. The resultant resilient connection between the support ring and the ridges urges the ridges against the interior surface of the shell. The inner support ring may be constructed of several joined arcuate segments.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a hollow rotatable cylinder which is particularly useful as the drying cylinder for a paper machine. A circumferentially spaced apart array of sets, each comprised of at least a pair of axially arrayed cleats, are positioned around the inner cylindrical wall of the cylinder. Each cleat is comprised of a strip of sheet metal folded over a bar in direct engagement with the cylinder wall. Axial end pins on the cleats extend radially outwardly into boreholes provided in the inner cylinder wall. The end pins are dimensioned so that adjacent end pins of axially adjacent cleats may be received in a common borehole. In addition, a resilient holding ring may outwardly bias the cleats toward the inner cylinder wall. Finally, the cleats may be magnetically attracted to the inner cylinder wall for being held there.

Abstract: A rotatable heat exchange drum is provided. This drum can be used for heating and/or cooling an elongated material. The drum includes an outer cylinder having an inner surface, and an inner cylinder within the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder having an outer surface annularly spaced from the inner surface of the outer cylinder so as to form an annular gap. The outer surface of the inner cylinder and/or the inner surface of the outer cylinder are/is provided with at least one channel extending therein, and being in communication with the annular gap between the inner and outer cylinders. The channel serves to provide a pathway over which heat exchange fluid is swirled in order to thereby prevent the formation of stagnant boundary or "confine" layers within the annular gap.

Abstract: A drying cylinder for a paper-making machine comprises a cylinder barrel with end covers mounted on a hollow shaft. Steam for heating the cylinder can be introduced through an inlet at an end of the shaft. The steam passes through openings along the hollow shaft to heat the barrel. In order to reduce the risk of pollutants or condensate entering the annular space between the cylinder barrel and the hollow shaft, the openings in the hollow shaft are provided with tubular components which project into the interior of the hollow shaft. Either the tubular components themselves are shaped or a baffle plate is provided for blocking entrance of pollutants into the tubular components. A suction device removes condensate from the inside of the inner shaft.

Abstract: This disclosure is of a device for controlling the flow of steam in paper machine dryers wherein a positive displacement pump is used to create differential and condensate evacuation from the paper machine dryers. This invention is applicable to a single steam heated drum or a plurality of such drums. It can be used in either a recirculating or cascading system.

Abstract: A heated roll member especially adapted to provide a uniform temperature surface for embossing or calendering low basis weight cellulose or polymeric webs. The roll member comprises outer and inner shells with an annular chamber therebetween and apertures in the inner shell which introduce fluid into or remove fluid from the annular chamber. Specially constructed apertures, each provided with a flow diverting means, produce fully turbulent flow in a heated fluid moving axially within the annular chamber. A controlled level of turbulence in the fluid is initiated at the aperture and is maintained throughout the annular chamber, such that "hot" or "cold" areas do not develop on the surface of the outer shell.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for controlling the blow through steam in cylindrical dryers such as those used in the paper industry. The flow rate of the condensate is measured as is the flow rate of the steam blown through the drying cylinder. The ratio of the flow rate of the blow through steam to the flow rate of the condensate is thereby measured. Knowing the conditions of the paper going through the dryer, the desired conditions of the paper leaving the dryer and the feed steam pressure, the ideal amount of condensate can be determined and a given ratio set. The difference between the actual measured ratio and the set ratio is noted by a ratio control means and a compensation made by varying the pressure in the steam/water separator which is downstream from the drying cylinder. The amount of blow through steam for a given condensing load is thereby controlled and can be minimized.

Abstract: A steam heated dryer drum having one or more spoiler bars secured against its inner shell wall to extend longitudinally and substantially parallel with the axis of rotation. The spoiler bars generate turbulence in the condensate to lower the resistance to heat transfer through the shell wall. No screws, bolts, rivets or the like, which would necessitate penetration of the shell wall, are required or used to secure the bars. In one embodiment, the bars themselves have a bridge-shaped cross sectional configuration and are made of a magnetic material. Their bridge legs form the north and south poles of the magnetic bar and have their ends contoured to correspond to the drum shell radius of curvature.In another embodiment, magnets having a bridge-shaped cross section are used.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying web materials is disclosed, including a drum, means for supplying steam under pressure to the interior of the drum, passage means extending axially in a portion of the outer drum wall and through one of its end walls for removing condensed steam formed within the drum therefrom, groove means extending circumferentially around the inner surface of the cylindrical drum for collecting condensed steam and supplying it to the passage means, throttle means outside of the end wall, vacuum condensing means under reduced pressures for condensing steam carried by the condensate, and discharge conduit means connecting the throttle means to the vacuum condensing means, the throttle means being adapted to provide a pressure drop between the passage means and the discharge conduit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying a traveling fibrous web such as paper including a hollow cylindrical dryer drum with means for directing a flow of steam into the drum and for removing condensate from the inside of the drum and positioning an axially elongate bristle support with bristles projecting radially outwardly so that the support and bristles form a brush of substantial uniform axial density to generate a visual high level of turbulence in the condensate and decrease the rotational speed of the layer of rimming condensate formed on the inner surface of the drum shell.

Abstract: Dewatering of a paper web is enhanced by steam treatment in the press section of a papermaking machine wherein the web is continuously passed around a substantial sector of a suction roll between two nips formed with the suction roll by a water-receiving roll and a plain roll. A steam box is mounted adjacent the web between the nips to subject the web to treatment steam in that sector. The steam can be saturated or superheated.

Abstract: Methods of and installations for drying continuous webs of materials such as paper in which the web contacts rotating dryers heated by circulating a heat transfer liquid through them. Rotary dryers for such installations; and methods for upgrading the performance of conventional installations employing rotary dryers and for upgrading the performance of conventional rotary dryers.

Abstract: Process for promoting uniform and low levels of migration in drying of moist textile webs impregnated with treating agents using cylinder drying machines, by removing the vapor layer formed on the reverse surface of the textile web not contacting the heated cylinders during the continuous passage of the web through the heat transfer zone by suction or transverse blowing over the width of the web. Devices for carrying out this process are described.

Abstract: The internal ribs of the drying cylinders are formed with cross-sections which are of parabolic shape or substantially parabolic shape in order to obviate any additional thermal stressing of the cylinder. The rib cross-sections are each situated in a zone bounded outwardly by a hexagon which consists of a rectangle of full rib width and a height equal to 0.75 times the rib height and an adjoining trapezium having a width 0.65 times the maximum rib width at the top of the rib and inwardly by a pentagon of a width of 0.7 times the full width at mid-height of the rib and an apex at the maximum height of the rib.

Abstract: A wood pulp and paper drying machine comprising a plurality of drying drums around which a sheet of pulp or paper material travels in a circuitous path in heat exchange relationship with the drums. Pressurized steam is directed into the interior of each of the drums, with a syphon removing condensate from the interior of each drum. To reduce the effect of the water condensate in the drum inhibiting heat transfer through the cylindrical wall of the drum to the pulp or paper material, the interior surface of each drum is made as a polished metal surface (such as stainless steel) having a roughness index no greater than about 125 and desirably in the order of 4 - 32 on General Electric Surface Roughness Scale Cat. No. 342 .times. 60.

Abstract: A multicylinder dryer, particularly for the drying of a web, includes cylinders located alternately in two rows one above the other, guiding rolls situated between adjacent cylinders in both rows and drying fabrics wrapping the web on said cylinders, the cylinder which is the first in the direction of travel being a lead-on cylinder, the other cylinders being heated drying cylinders of equal diameters.

Abstract: The low temperature heat recovery system is used in combination with apparatus for drying a moving web of paper or the like and comprises a steam circuit, a gas circuit and a refrigerant circuit. The steam circuit recovers condensed steam from the rotary cylinders of the paper dryer, reheats the steam and injects the steam back into the rotary cylinders or back into the steam main. The gas circuit removes the wet air from the dryer housing, extracts the moisture and the latent heat from the air, reheats the air and injects the air back into the housing. The refrigerant circuit functions as a heat pump to heat the steam and air prior to injecting the steam and air into the cylinders and housing, and cools the air to condense and extract the moisture from the air.

Abstract: Installations and methods for making paper in which high boiling point liquids are employed to heat the dryers in a dryer section and to generate process and/or power steam.

Abstract: Installations and methods for making paper in which high boiling point liquids are employed to heat the dryers in a dryer section and in which the heat transfer liquid is heated by mill steam.

Abstract: A device for use in removing condensate from rotatable, steam dryer drums. The device includes a pick-up head and a curved tube connected to the head at one end with the opposite end extending at right angles to the one end for connection to an outlet conduit leading out of the dryer drum. The pick-up head is located adjacent the inner surface of the drum and is maintained in this position by support means connected to the tube. The support means has a support member bearing against the wall of the drum in diametrically opposed relation to the pick-up head. The support means can be adjusted and locked in different positions to maintain the pick-up head in its proper position.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the surface of a web of printing material for coating or printing including means to "drag" under pressure the web of material over a surface thereby flattening and aligning in a uniform pattern the fibers of a web of printing material.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel process of handling fluids which increase heat transfer efficiency in all types of heat transmission equipment. This process is applicable both to single and multiple units; in both cases, heat transfer is enhanced and steam consumption reduced.Basically, the process consists in extracting, along with the condensate, some of the steam from inside of a steam heated unit, separating this steam from the condensate and noncondensable gases, before and after feeding this extraction steam to another units working at a lower pressure.